• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.511-522
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• 2001

Various art trends of the 20th century that contributed to the creation and development of abstract art had showed the transition from the convention of mere representation of the object to the formative sensitivity emphasizing self-expression. Noticing that such trends had influenced the fashion industry to move toward a free and individualized style, this study attempts to express the formative way from the existing art to wear, especially, based on early 20th century paintings, 5 casual wears were made which applied korean materials and silhouettes that are functional, sample and show traditional korea beauty. The purpose of this study is to search for a solution to expand the world market by producing dresses utilizing our own tradition that can be distinguished in the global market and that derive inspiration from the formative of the sensitivity of the paintings during the first half of the 20th century. It also aims to let national economy as a high-added industry. The result of this study are as follows: First, the expression method and element of various styles of art such as Fauvism, Expressionism and Cubism, during the period of transition to abstract art, clearly presented the direction toward the artistic liberation and made possible a new formative artistic expression of dress in the early years of the 20th century. Their ideas inspired the dress designers of the time with a reformative and creative sense of fashion and have greatly contributed to the development of a new era of uniqueness and individuality. Second, the color and the simplicity of form of the early 20th century paintings are suitable fro utilizing a motive of functional dresses and express unique and concise modern beauty. Third, it was confirmed that utilizing our tradition in contemporary dress can be a significant method of creation in which the uniqueness and creativity of Korean dress can be expressed, distinguishing it on the global scene, as well as inspire the originality and pride of our culture. Fourth, a possibility has been discovered. It is the functionality and uniqueness of aesthetic expression technique of the contemporary arts that can contribute to the fashion of tomorrow, by searching a modern fashion which was affected by the past and also by taking a look at the trend of modern fashion as the same field as casula wear.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.183-193
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• 2007

School foodservice employees are involved with every aspect of ensuring that high quality meals are prepared and they influence student satisfaction. The objective of this study was to identify whether job satisfaction of cooks is affected by their relationships with management. Survey forms that were developed for foodservice dietitians and employees were interviewed. Questionnaires to measure job satisfaction were distributed to 30 schools in the Gyeonggi province and completed by 30 dietitians and 323 cooks. Foodservice cooks' job satisfaction was evaluated by measuring attitudes towards aspects of their job using the modified Smith method(1969). All items in the scales were coded by 4 Likert scale(1: nerver satisfied, 4: very satisfied), then grouped by using factor analyses. Statistical methods used in this study were a $x^2$-test, t-test with SPSS software(version 12.0). The study results were as follows; 1) The demographic data showed that 65.3% of respondents were in their 40s, 96% were married, 68.8% were high school graduates, and 93.5% were contracted employees. Regarding overall experience in their current workplace, 27.9% had been in their position over 5 years and 25.7% said less than 2 years. 2) Most of the school lunches was served in the classroom(73.3%). The cook working was rotated among the employees(90%). Most employees did not use a day's leave of absence per month because they were averse to burdening their coworkers. 3) There were no significant differences in job satisfaction between the cooks' self-evaluation scores(2.92) and those of the dietitians(2.92). Among the factors influencing job satisfaction, dietitians(2.10) perceived that cooks(1.99) were more satisfied with their salaries than was actually the case. The cooks(3.19) rated their level of work satisfaction higher than the dietitians(3.03) perceived it to be. Employees rated their relationship satisfaction as 3.50, but dietitians on the other hand rated it 3.37. Most of the cook respondents want a higher salary and a some kind of employment guarantee. This study provides foodservice managers information useful for design positions that will increase productivity. Future study is needed to determine the factors that will improve job satisfaction and satisfy the employees' needs, which in turn will improve school food service quality.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.211-221
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• 2009

With recent trends of super-tallness, atypical plan shapes and zoning constructions in high-rise buildings, a structural stability of the building under construction is arising as a key issue for design and construction plan. To ensure the structural stability under construction, the differential column shortening of vertical members, the lateral displacement of tower frames, and differential settlement of raft foundation by unbalanced distributions of a tower self-weight before the completion of a lateral load resisting system should be checked by construction sequence analysis, which should be performed by systematic combinations with structural health monitoring, construction compensation program, and construction panning. This paper presents the scheme of zone-based construction sequence analysis by using the existing commercial analysis program, to check the stability of high-rise building under construction. This scheme is applied to 3-dimensional structural analysis for a real high-rise building under construction. The analysis includes real construction zoning plans and schedules as well as creep and shrinkage effects and time-dependent properties of concrete. The simplified construction sequence and assumed material properties were continuously updated with the change on construction schedule and correlations with in-situ measurement data.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.49-64
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to explore ways to help improve adolescents' happiness by exploring the influences of emphatic ability and family strengths on happiness. This subjects were 514 middle school students living in Gwangju. Data were collected from self-report questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS 22.0 program. The major findings were as follows; First, the adolescents' emphatic ability('viewpoint', 'identity', 'emphatic interest'), family strengths('family respect and affection', 'role sharing and problem solving', 'communication and bonds', 'financial stability') and happiness scores were higher than the median(3.00). Emphatic ability('viewpoint', 'identity', 'emphatic interest', 'personal suffering') and family strengths('communication and bonds') showed significant difference according to gender. Second, the adolescents' happiness was influenced by 'family respect and affection', 'role sharing and problem solving', 'financial stability', 'personal suffering', 'identity', and 'emphatic interest'. Adolescents' happiness was explained about 39% by these variables. In other words, the higher family respect and affection, both higher role sharing and problem solving and higher financial stability, with lower personal suffering and higher identity and higher emphatic interest showed the higher happiness. These findings demonstrate the emphatic ability and family strengths in adolescents influence on the level of happiness. As such, in order to improve the happiness of adolescents, it is necessary to energize those programs focus on the forming healthy family relationships and to design finance assistance programs that could attempt to minimise financial gap. Additionally, it is necessary to develop programs aimed to enhance emphatic ability and continue such programs in homes as well as at schools. Finally, it is necessary to implement curriculum that may improve family strengths and emphatic ability, which have influenced on the happiness in adolescents. Since the subject "Technology & Home Economics" helps to enhance family strengths, emphatic ability and eventually amplifies the happiness, it is necessary to expand and reinforce it as well as to make it a mandatory subject.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

Objectives : The purposes of this study were to evaluate exhaust ventilation systems(EVSs) and to suggest problems and improvements. Methods : For 50 small and medium-sized enterprises, we carried out evaluation of EVSs. We evaluated hoods with smoke tester and measurement of capture velocity. In addition, we used several indicators for performance evaluation designed in this study. Results : 1. Based on the smoke flow pattern and the criteria of occupational health and safety act, 67.8% of hoods were rated 'good' level at smoke test whereas 26.3% were rated 'good' level at measurement of capture velocity. 2. 29.3% of hoods, of which ratio of measured actual air flow at hood(Qah) to required ideal exhaust air flow at hood(Qih) was 1 or more, were rated 'good' level. 3. The % of EVS, of which ratio of measured actual air flow at stack(Qast) to total required ideal exhaust air flow at hood(Qith) was 1 or more, was 29.0%. 4. For the ratio of measured Qast to existing air flow at fan(Qfan), only 5% of EVSs were 1 or more and 26.0% were 0.8 or more but less than 1.0. 5. For the ratio of measured Qast to total measured actual exhaust air flow at hood(Qath), 74.0% were 0.8 or more but less than 1.0. 6. The percentage of EVS, of which ratio of total measured Qath to existing Qfan was 0.8 or more, was 19.0%. 7. The percentage of EVS, of which ratio of total measured Qath to total required ideal exhaust Qith was 1 or more, was 26.0%. 8. For the comprehensive evaluation indicators designed in this study, 29.0% were 0.8 or more. Conclusions : We found that few exhaust local ventilations at small and medium-sized enterprises were rated 'good' level and that most exhaust local ventilations had 'poor' design and installation. Therefore, relevant professional manpower and enterprises have to construct exhaust local ventilation where it is needed, and technical guidance and economic support are needed to improve 'poor' exhaust local ventilation after self-evaluation.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.357-370
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• 2014

The purpose of this research was to develop the tools needed to evaluate the effectiveness of using digital textbooks and smart education. We then developed the tools to evaluate the effectiveness of smart education and digital textbook utilization, which were an identification of 1) seven essential 21st century skills, definitions of each, and prerequisite abilities; 2) five 21st century teacher competencies, definitions of each, and prerequisite abilities; To develop the questionnaire, we conducted a literature review in this area, consulted experts, observed classes, interviewed members of focus groups, and met with policy makers from the Ministry of Education and KERIS. The student questionnaire(26 Questions developed) included; creativity and innovation, critical thinking and problem solving, communication, collaboration, ICT literacy, self-directed learning, and adaptability. The teacher questionnaire(24 questions developed) included; 21st Century Skills, ICT Literacy, Rapport building with learners, Instructional design, Evaluation and reflection. The tools we developed will be able to use for evaluating the effectiveness of smart education and digital textbooks.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.526-551
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to identify the commonalities of various nursing interventions and effective intervention methods in each intervention through analysis and synthesis of many accumulated research papers. The study analyzed the effects of various nursing interventions on anxiety and /or stress. For this purpose, 64 experimental studies with randomized or nonequivalent control group pre-test-posttest design were selected from journals of medical and nursing schools, the Korean Nurse, the Korean Nurses' Academic Society Journal, the Cetnral Journal of Medicine, the New Medical Journal, the Nurse Monthly, and from theses and dissertations conducted from 1970 to 1991. The selected studies nor classified according to three characteristics : 1) the research samuel, 2) types and methods of nursing interventions, and 3) statistical tests. The following analysis was done : 1) Confirmation of the accuracy of data drawn from each study by paired review, 2) Estimation of the homogenity of pre-test scores of the dependent variable between control and experimental groups warranted the effect size of post-scores, 3) If the homogenity of pre-test scores did not warrant, the change scores from pre-test to post-test were used to estimate the effect size, 4) Use of the effect size of each study among homogenious studies was tested for each intervention method, such as relaxation, information, and touch and /or support. Finally, for the studies not showing homogenity, an ANOVA test was used to identify patterns for each intervention. Some findings are summarized as follow : The effect sizes for relaxation and information were greater than those for touch and /or supportive technique. Studies using random assignment had greater effect sizes than nonrandomized sample studies using the same intervention. For healthy people, group education was more effective than individual teaching. However, for patients, relaxation and touch and /or supportive techniques given on individual basis were more effective than when given in a group situation. Measuring anxiety and stress by biological indicators was less effective than by self-report. Budzynski's relaxation method was the most effective. The more frequently the techniques applied, the larger the effect size. On the bases of these findings, the following recommendations were made : 1. A combination of information, relaxtion, and touch-supportive techniques should be used for greater effect in reducing the level of anxiety and /or stress. 2. Information is the first choice of intervention to reduce the level of anxiety and /or stress of healthy People : other interventions may be added depending on the conditions of the subjects.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.489-496
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• 2016

Recently, a concern about hollow core precast concrete (PC) slab has been increased as a method to improve the construction ability by reducing the self weight of structures during the construction. Hollow core slab which is known as a typical PC slab in domestic construction of PC building has a problem to put shear reinforcements in the web of element during the production of element in the factory. With regard to this point, recently, tripple ribs slab (TRS) which can be said as a new type of half PC slab system was developed. In TRS, it is possible to place shear reinforcements in PC element during the production of the element in the factory. This paper presents the shear test result of TRS which was done by one point loading test under simple support condition. Test parameters are the presence of cast-in-place (CIP) concrete and the contribution of lattice bars. From the test, it was found that the TRS has sufficient shear capacity to resist the design load and its strength can be predicted by the code equations for general beam. It is recommended to ignore the strength of lattice bar in the calculation of shear strength during the construction since its contribution is too low to be considered when CIP is not casted.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 2016

The concern about hollow core PC slab has been increased to improve the workability during a construction of building by reducing self weight of structural members. In this manner, recently, TRS (Tripple Ribs Slab) was developed as a new type of half PC slab system. TRS member consists of the triple webs and the bottom flange prestressed by strands. The slab system is completed by casting of topping concrete on the TRS after filling styrofoam between the webs. This paper, presents a flexural experiment to investigate the flexural capacity of the TRS. Five full scale TRS members were made and tested under simple support condition to be failed by flexure and their strength was evaluated by code equations; the variables in the test are the depth and the presence of topping or raised spot formed when slip-forming. In addition, a nonlinear sectional analysis was performed for the specimens and the result was compared with the test results. From the study, it was found that the TRS has enough flexural strength and ductility to resist the design loads and its strength can be suitably predicted by using code equations. The raised spot did not affect the strength so that the spot need not to be removed by doing additional work. For the more accurate prediction of TRS's flexural behavior by using nonlinear sectional analysis, it is recommended to consider the concrete's brittle property due to slip-forming process in the modeling.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2013

HTB (hybrid truss bridge) steel truss webs instead of concrete webs in prestressed box girder bridges has been widely used in, because of its structural benefit such as relatively less self-weight and good aesthetics due to open web structure. Since the core technology of this bridge is the connection system between concrete slabs and steel truss members, several connection systems were proposed and experimentally evaluated. Also, the selected joint system was applied to the real bride design and construction. The researches were performed on the connection system, since it can affect the global behavior of this bridge such as flexural and fatigue behaviors as well as the local behavior around the connection region. The evaluation study showned that HTB applied to a curved bridge or a eccentric loading bridge, characteristic has a weak torsional capacity compared to an ordinary PSC box girder bridges due to the open structure of HTB. In this study, three box shaped hybrid truss specimens were made and the torsional test and evaluation for them were performed in order to find out the torsional behavior of HTB according to the connection system.