• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to examine the utilization of added dietary selenium (Se) as an immune stimulant in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Fish averaging $4.0{\pm}0.1\;g$ ($mean{\pm}SD$) were fed one of seven semi-purified diets containing 0.56, 1.07, 2.86, 4.56, 43.15, 90.71, or 161.74 mg of Se/kg ($Se_{0.56}$, $Se_{1.07}$, $Se_{2.86}$, $Se_{4.56}$, $Se_{43.2}$, $Se_{90.7}$ and $Se_{161.7}$, respectively) for 12 weeks, respectively. At the end of the feeding trial, the fish fed diets containing more than 43.2 mg of Se/kg showed above 90% mortality. There were no significant differences in weight gain, feed efficiency, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, or hematological characteristics among the fish fed the $Se_{0.56}$, $Se_{l.07}$, $Se_{2.86}$, and $Se_{4.56}$ diets. Se concentrations of the gill, kidney, muscle and liver tissues occurred in dose-dependent manners. Alternative complement pathway activation and the chemiluminescene responses of the fish fed the $Se_{1.07}$ diet were significantly higher than those of the fish fed the other diets (P<0.05). These results indicate that the optimum dietary supplementation level of Selenium as selenoyeast could be 1.07 mg of Se/kg based on the non-specific immune responses of juvenile oilve flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a butanol fraction of fraction of Alisma canaliculatum All. Braun et Bouche (Ac), and of selenium (Se), on plasma gllucose and lipid levee in streptozotocin (STD-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, fed the AIN-93 recommended diet, were divided into five groups: a non-diabetic control group (no STZ treatment), and four 572-induced diabetic groups which consisted of a diabetic-control group, an Ac-treated group, an Ac-Se treated group, and a Se-treated group. Diabetes was induced in the rats by an injection of STZ into the tail vein at a dose of 45 mg/kg body weight. The butanol (BuOH) fraction of Ac was orally administered at a rate of 400 mg/kg body weight for 21 days to both the Ac and Ac-Se groups. The supplementation of selenium in the Se and Ac-Se groups was achieved by adding (freshly, every day) 2 mg of Se as Na$_2$SeO$_3$ per kg of feed. The rats'body weights and hematocrit (Hct) levels were measured, along with plasma levels of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acids (FFA). Aminotransferase activities were also analyzed. The non-diabetic rats gained weight, while the diabetic rats lost weight - except in the Ac-Se group, which maintained their initial weight. The blood glucose levels of the Ac group and the Se group were significantly lower than for the diabetic-control group. The plasma triglyceride levels were lowered when both Ac and Se were administered to diabetic rats. The concentrations of plasma FFA in the Ac-Se group were significantly lower compared with the diabetic-control group. Plasma cholesterol levels and alanine aminotransferase activity in the Ac, Ac-Se, and Se groups were significantly lower when compared with the diabetic-control group. Aspartate aminotransferase activity was significantly lower in the Se group compared to the other diabetic groups. These data show that treatment with a butanol fraction of Ac in combination with Se has no synergistic effect. Plasma glucose levels tended to be low when Se was administered to diabetic rats. Supplementation of Se in diabetic rats did not elicit a significant increase in plasma insulin levels or result in hypolipemic effects.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.16-20
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• 2002

The high bias voltage associated with the thick layer (typically 500-1000 ㎛) of selenium required to have an acceptable x-ray absorption in radiography and fluoroscopy applications may have some practical inconvenience. A hybrid x-ray detector with zinc sulfide-amorphous selenium structure has been developed to improve the x-ray sensitivity of a a-Se based flat-panel digital imaging detector. Photoluminescence(PL) characteristic of a ZnS:Ag phosphor layer showed a light emission peak centered at about 450 nm, which matches the sensitivity spectrum of selenium. The dark current of the hybrid detector showed similar characteristics with that of a a-Se detector. The x-ray sensitivity of hybrid and a-Se x-ray detector was 345 pC/㎠/mR and 295 pC/㎠/mR at an applied voltage of 10 V/㎛, respectively. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pertinence of a solution using a thin selenium layer, as a photosensitive converter, with a thick coating of silver doped zinc sulfide phosphor.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.551-556
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• 1996

Selenium (Se) apparent absorption and retention in sheep as influenced by diets differing in protein content through soybean meal supplementation was studied. A $3{\times}3$ Latin square design was used with three Japanese Corriedale wethers (45 kg average body weight), three periods, and three dietary treatments. In each period, 7 d dietary adjustment was followed by 5 d total collection of urine and feces. The three dietary treatments were : Diet 1, without soybean meal supplementation (14% crude protein, CP); Diet 2, with 10% soybean meal supplementation (16.5% CP); and Diet 3, with 20% soybean meal supplementation (19% CP). All the diets had a Se supplementation in the form of sodium selenite at 0.2 mg Se/kg dietary DM. The dietary DM intake of the animals was 2% of their body weight. No significant differences were obtained among the three dietary treatments of the Se balance of the animals. However, as percent of Se intake, only urinary Se concentration of Diet 3 was markedly lower (p < 0.05) than the other diets. Fecal Se as percent of Se intake followed the trend of Diet 3> Diet 2 > Diet 1 resulting a Se absorbed as percent of Se intake of 58.9%, 62.3% and 68.2% for Diets 3, 2 and 1, respectively but their differences among each other were insignificant. No significant differences that were observed either on Se retained as percent of intake (Diet 1, 48.2%; Diet 2, 45.2%; Diet 3, 46.0%) or Se retained as percent of Se absorbed (Diet 1, 70.7%; Diet 2, 72.4%; Diet 3, 77.9%). Significant correlation coefficients among the various measures of Se utilization were also observed. Regression analysis showed the following equation: Y = 93.8 - 1.86X (p <0.05, $r^{2}=0.48$), where Y is the Se absorbed as percent of Se intake (%) and X is the dietary protein content (%). This study concludes that Se requirement in sheep is greater when dietary protein content is high.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.838-842
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• 2009

We explored how 'Wonwhang' pear fruit quality was affected by selenium (Se) application. The fruit skin color and fruit type differed between Se-treated trees and controls. Se-treated fruits had higher potassium and Se concentrations, more fruit soluble solids, and lower acidity, compared to the controls. All Se treatments improved fruit firmness during cold temperature storage compared to the controls. Also, Se-treated fruits had greater specific gravity and minuteness, which reduced fruit pithiness and rendered test fruits denser than the controls. Overall, Se foliar application improved fruits marketability compared to the Se fertilization or Se trunk injection.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.391-394
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• 2002

There has recently been much interest and research in developing digital x-ray systems based on using amorphous selenium(a-Se) photoconductors as the image receptor. The amorphous selenium layer that is currently being studied for use as an x-ray photoconductor is not pure a-Se but rather amorphous selenium alloyed with arsenic. We fabricated samples using the selenium and arsenic alloy with various concentrations of the arsenic. In this work, x-ray photoconductor using amorphous selenium alloyed with arsenic were fabricated with different concentrations of the arsenic (0.1 wt.%, 0.3wt.%, 0.5wt.%, 1wt.%, 1.5wt.%, 3wt.%, 5wt.%). The seven kind of samples was fabricated with a-Se alloyed with arsenic through vacuum thermal evaporation. We also investigate the arsenic concentration dependence on the device performance in radiation detector. The electric characteristics of radiation detector devices with changing additive ratio of the arsenic is performed by measuring the x-ray induced photocurrent and integrating it over time to find the total charge. The thickness of a-Se is $100{\mu}m$. Bias voltages $3V/{\mu}m$, $6V/{\mu}m$， $9V/{\mu}m$ are applied at the samples. As results, the net charge of a-Se 0.3% As sample is $526.0pC/mR/cm^2$ at $9V/{\mu}m$ bias. The net charge is decreased as with the increasing additive ratio of arsenic.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.208-210
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• 2002

Baker's yeast was cultured with $Na_2SeO_3$. Selenium compounds in yeast were extracted and analyzed by size exclusion chromatography. Selenium was broadly distributed in the fraction of protein. For the inhibition test of MMP-l induction, selenium containing compounds was fractioned by ultrafiltration

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.899-906
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• 1993

Human blood selenicum(Se) level depends on the Se content and bioavailablilty of foods. In countries where the soil has low Se content, the differences of Se intake and blood Se concentration are shown according to the type of diet. In this study, Se status of women eating an average German diet(175 German healthy women) and wholesome nutrition group(243 women) were studied. There were significant differences in wholeblood and plasma Se levels between the two groups. In average German diet group, mean wholeblood Se concentration was 84.97ug/l and plasma Se concentration was 75.02ug/l. In wholesome nutrition group mean wholeblood Se concentration and plasma Se concentration with Se levels, correlation analysis was conducted between Se concentration and BMI, age and daily food intake. BMI and age did not correlate significantly with wholeblood and plasma Se levels. In wholesome nutrition group, serum and wholeblood Se levels had significant correlation with fish intake.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.661-670
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• 2006

Selenium (Se) obtained from dietary sources including cereals, grains and vegetables is an essential micronutrient for normal function of the body. Plants convert Se into selenomethionine and incorporate it into proteins in place of methionine, while higher animals synthesize selenoproteins containing selenocysteine. Excessive Se in the body is methylated stepwise to methylated selenium metabolites from selenide. Both inorganic and organic forms of selenium can be the nutritional sources in human, and they are transformed to selenide and then the amino acid selenocysteine attached to a specific $tRNA^{ser(sec)}$. The selenocysteine (Sec) is incorporated into selenoprotein sequences by the UGA codon. The decoding of UGA as Sec requires specific mechanisms because UGA is normally read as a stop codon: cis-acting sequences in the mRNA (the selenocysteine insertion sequence, SECIS, within the 3'untranslated region) and trans -acting factors dedicated to Sec incorporation are required for incorporation of Sec during translation of selenoprotein mRNAs. Approximately 25 selenoproteins have been identified in mammals. Several of these, including glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxin reductases and selenoprotein P, have been purified or cloned, allowing further characterization of their biological function. The antioxidant properties of selenoproteins help prevent cellular damage from free radicals which may contribute to the development of chronic disease such as cancer and heart disease. Other selenoproteins have important roles in regulation of thyroid function and play a role in the immune system. Daily selenium iatake was reported to be $42.0{\pm}16.9{\mu}g/day$ in Korean adult women. This review focuses on the metabolism and biological functions of selenium, and the nutritional status of selenium in the Korean population.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.305-316
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• 2005

This study was conducted to determine the total amount and type of seleniwn (Se) in the Se-enriched mushroom and its spent mushroom composts (SMC), and to investigate the metabolism in relation to Se accwnulation in the mushroom. Mushrooms, Flammulina velutipes, used in this study were grown for 60 days by adding 2 rng of inorganic Se (Na2Se03) per kg of mushroom composts (MC) on as-fed basis and were compared with normal mushrooms grown on the non Se-supplemented Me. Total Se contents for Se-treated mushrooms were significantly increased (P < 0.0001) by 20-fold (4.51 $\mu$/ g of dry) compared to Se-untreated (0.23 $\mu$/ g of dry). On the contrary, organic Se ratio was significantly lower (P < 0.0001) in the Se-treated mushroom (72.3 %) than the Se-untreated one (100 %, not analytically detected of inorganic Se). Se distribution upon a length in the Se-treated mushrooms was the highest in the bottom part (6.86 $\mu$/ g of dry) near to MC, and top and middle parts were significantly lower (3.71 and 3.01 $\mu$/ g of dry, respectively; P < 0.001) than the bottom. In the SMC from Se-treated mushrooms, the significant amount of Se (5.04l1g/g of dry) was remained, but that from the Se-untreated mushrooms was significantly low (P$\mu$ / g of dry. Se-treated SMC showed a high ratio of organic Se (65.67 %), suggesting that the significant amount of inorganic Se in the SMC was converted to organic Se by mushroom mycelia. Prior to mycelia inoculation in the mushroom culture, the sterilization of MC brought approximately 18% of Se loss in the MC. Apparent and net accumulation rates (%) for Se into mushrooms were 14.81 and 10.14 %, respectively, resulting from the Se volatilization into the air via metabolic process of mushroom itself. The result of this study shows that inorganic Se addition to MC for mushroom improved the organic Se contents in the mushroom and SMC. This study showed the possibility that Se in Se-enriched mushroom and SMC could be utilized as Se sources of food for human as well as feed for livestock.