• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2022

Based on the random-vibration-theory methodology, dynamic responses of nuclear facilities subjected to obliquely incidental and incoherent earthquake ground motions are calculated. The spectral power density functions of the 6-degree-of-freedom motions of a rigid foundation due to the incoherent ground motions are obtained with the local wave scattering and wave passage effects taken into consideration. The spectral power density function for the pseudo-acceleration of equipment installed on a structural floor is derived. The spectral acceleration of the equipment or the in-structure response spectrum is then estimated using the peak factors of random vibration. The approach is applied to nuclear power plant structures installed on half-spaces, and the reduction of high-frequency earthquake responses due to obliquely incident incoherent earthquake ground motions is examined. The influences of local wave scattering and wave passage effects are investigated for three half-spaces with different shear-wave velocities. When the shear-wave velocity is sufficiently large like hard rock, the local wave scattering significantly affects the reduction of the earthquake responses. In the cases of rock or soft rock, the earthquake responses of structures are further affected by the incident angles of seismic waves or the wave passage effects.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1334-1339
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• 2006

Dynamic response of buried pipelines both in the axial and the transverse directions on concrete pipe and steel pipe, FRP pipe were investigated through a forced vibration analysis. The dynamic behavior of the buried pipelines for the forced vibration is found to exhibit two different forms, a transient response and a steady state response, depending on the time before and after the transfer of a seismic wave on the end of the buried pipeline. The former is identified by a slight change in its behavior before the sinusoidal-shaped seismic wave travels along the whole length of the pipeline whereas the latter by the complete form of a sinusoidal wave when the wave travels throughout the pipeline. The transient response becomes insignificant as the wave speed increases. From the results of the dynamic responses at the many points of the pipeline, we have found that the responses appeared to be dependent critically on the boundary end conditions. Such effects are found to be most prominent especially for the maximum values of the displacement and the strain and its position.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.415-429
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• 2017

This paper focuses on the impact of the wave passage effect on the long-span bridge. In order to make the wave passage effect more obvious, ground motion samples are selected from the near-fault ground motion of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake and an arch bridge with a 280m main span is selected as a bridge sample. The motion ground samples are divided into two groups according to the characteristics of near-fault. A sequence of fragility curves is developed. It is shown that the seismic damage is increased by the wave passage effect and the increase is more obvious in the near-fault ground motion.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

High-resolution S-wave reflection surveying has been successfully conducted on paved areas using a Land Streamer originally designed by the author. The main feature of the Land Streamer tool is the non-stretch woven belt on which geophone units are mounted to form a multichannel geophone array similar to a marine streamer. Because it is easily towed by a vehicle or by hand, the tool leads to high performance in field measurements and resultant cost-effectiveness of high-resolution reflection surveys. Although each geophone unit is coupled to the pavement through a metallic baseplate instead of being firmly planted in the ground, the Land Streamer tool provides comparatively clean data, unaffected by traffic noise even on the pavement. Thus, the tool is capable of expanding the opportunity for S-wave reflection surveys in urban areas where many surfaces are paved and traffic noise is severe. A series of high-resolution S-wave reflection surveys on paved areas delineated detailed structures of surface layers shallower than 60 m, and proved the wide applicability of the tool to engineering, environmental applications, and earthquake disaster prevention projects.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.591-597
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 비 균질 퇴적층으로 인한 지진파의 증폭에 대한 경계/유한요소 해석을 수행하였다. 수치해석을 위해, 비 균질 퇴적층은 8절점 등 매개 변수 유한요소 사용하여 모델링하였고, 그 주위의 균질 반무한 지반은 3절점 등매개 변수 경계요소를 사용하여 모델링하였다. 경계요소와 유한요소의 접촉면에서, 표면 력의 평형조건과 변위의 적합 조건에 의해 두 개의 요소를 결합하는 알고리듬을 개발하였다. 수치해석의 영향인자로서 SH파, P파와 SV파의 입사각, 무 차원 진동수 그리고 반무한 지반과 퇴적층사이의 전단 파 속도 비와 질량밀도 비를 고려하였다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.270-276
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• 2004

지반의 횡파 속도 단면은 주로 다운흘 탄성파 탐사에 의존해 왔으나 최근에 MASW와 같은 표면파 탐사방법과 SCPT와 같은 탄성파 콘 관입시험법 등이 개발되어 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 비고결 퇴적물에서 다운홀 탄성파 탐사, MASW, SCPT 등을 사용하여 횡파 속도 단면을 구하고 이들을 시추조사 결과와 비교하였다. 그 결과 퇴적물상의변화와 횡파 속도 변화는 밀접한 관계가 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 세 가지 횡파 속도 단면 중 SCPT가 퇴적물상의 변화에 가장 민감하게 반응하는 것을 알 수 있었다. SCPT 결과 퇴적층 내 약 8${\sim}$l2m 깊이에 주로 점토질 모래로 구성되어 있는 저속도 층이 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.14-18
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• 2004

High levels of ambient noise and safety factors often limit the use of 'active-source' seismic methods for geotechnical investigations in urban environments. As an alternative, shear-wave velocity-depth profiles can be obtained by treating the background microtremor wave field as a stochastic process, rather than adopting the traditional approach of calculating velocity based on ray path geometry from a known source. A recent field test in Melbourne demonstrates the ability of the microtremor method, using only Rayleigh waves, to resolve a velocity inversion resulting from the presence of a hard, 12 m thick basalt flow overlying 25 m of softer alluvial sediments and weathered mudstone. Normally the presence of the weaker underlying sediments would lead to an ambiguous or incorrect interpretation with conventional seismic refraction methods. However, this layer of sediments is resolved by the microtremor method, and its inclusion is required in one-dimensional layered-earth modelling in order to reproduce the Rayleigh-wave coherency spectra computed from observed seismic noise records. Nearby borehole data provided both a guide for interpretation and a confirmation of the usefulness of the passive Rayleigh-wave microtremor method. Sensitivity analyses of resolvable modelling parameters demonstrate that estimates of shear velocities and layer thicknesses are accurate to within approximately $10\%\;to\;20\%$ using the spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) technique. Improved accuracy can be obtained by constraining shear velocities and/or layer thicknesses using independent site knowledge. Although there exists potential for ambiguity due to velocity-thickness equivalence, the microtremor method has significant potential as a site investigation tool in situations where the use of traditional seismic methods is limited.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2024

최근 기후변화 등 달라진 해양 환경으로 인해 태풍 파랑의 빈도 및 강도가 증가하고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 일본, 칠레, 아이티, 중국, 인도네시아 등 세계적으로 잦은 지진으로 인해 많은 피해가 발생하고 있다. 우리나라 역시 2000년대에 들어서 태풍에 의한 피해가 증가하고 있으며, 지진의 발생 빈도와 강도도 증가하고 있다. 우리나라는 삼면이 바다로 되어있어 태풍에 의해 해안구조물에 많은 피해가 발생할 수 있으며 지진 역시 해안구조물에 많은 피해를 야기시킨다. 이처럼 국내·외적으로 태풍 파랑과 지진의 빈도 및 강도가 증가하는 추세이나 태풍과 지진을 연계한 연구는 전무하다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 케이슨식 방파제에 태풍 파랑과 지진을 연계하여 총 4가지 Case에 대해 수치해석을 수행하였다. Case 1은 파랑하중, Case 2는 지진파를 각각 적용하였고, Case 3은 파랑하중 이후 지진 발생, Case 4는 지진파 이후 파랑하중까지 적용하여 수치해석을 수행하였다. 수치해석 결과 태풍과 지진을 연계한 Case 3과 Case 4의 경우 기존에 지반의 강도가 저하된 상태에서 하중을 적용하여 각 하중에 의한 피해가 Case 1과 Case 2에 비해 증가한 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 파랑하중 이후 지진파를 적용한 Case 3에서 피해가 가장 큰 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.151-162
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• 2024

지반운동의 입사방향 변화에 따라 구조물의 지진응답도 그 방향에 따라 변화할 것이다. 지반운동의 입사되는 방향에 따른 예제교량의 지진응답의 영향을 분석하기 위하여 다양한 입사각에 대하여 구한 1초 주기에 대응하는 가속도응답스펙트럼을 구하였다. 이를 이용하여 5가지 종류의 백분위수에 해당하는 1쌍의 직교하는 수평성분 지진파를 40세트 생성하였다. 지반운동의 입사방향에 따른 예제교량의 지진응답을 구하여 교각에 대한 지진취약도 해석을 수행하였다. 5가지 종류의 백분위수에 대응하는 지진파에 대한 지진취약도 해석을 분석하여 지진파의 입사방향에 따라서 지진취약도 곡선의 중앙값이 약 1.2~2.6배 정도 차이가 남을 알 수 있었다. 다시 말하면 지진파의 입사방향에 따라서 교량 구조물의 손상정도가 약 1.2~2.6배 정도 차이가 날 수 있음을 의미한다.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2017

This paper presents the numerical simulation results for the dynamic responses of two types of submerged floating tunnels (SFT) under wave and/or seismic excitations. Time domain simulations are conducted by the commercial program OrcaFlex (OF) and in-house CHARM3D program (CP). The dynamic performances of a short/rigid/free-end SFT section with vertical and inclined mooring lines are evaluated. The SFT numerical models were validated against Oh et al.'s (2013) model test results under regular wave conditions. Then the numerical models were further applied to the cases of irregular waves or seismic motions. The main results presented are SFT surge/heave motions and mooring tensions. The general trends and magnitudes obtained by the two different software packages reasonably agree to each other along with experimental results. When seabed seismic motions are applied to the SFT system, the dynamic responses of SFTs are small but dynamic mooring tension can significantly be amplified. In particular, horizontal earthquakes greatly increase the dynamic tension of the inclined mooring system, while vertical earthquakes cause similar effect on vertical mooring system.