• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.259-269
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• 2022

In this study, we introduce a canonical correlation analysis method to accurately assess the tunnel damage potential of ground motion. The proposed method can retain information relating to the initial variables. A total of 100 ground motion records are used as seismic inputs to analyze the dynamic response of three different profiles of tunnels under deep and shallow burial conditions. Nine commonly used ground motion parameters were selected to form the canonical variables of ground motion parameters (GMP_CCA). Five structural dynamic response parameters were selected to form canonical variables of structural dynamic response parameters (DRP_CCA). Canonical correlation analysis is used to maximize the correlation coefficients between GMP_CCA and DRP_CCA to obtain multivariate ground motion parameters that can be used to comprehensively assess the tunnel damage potential. The results indicate that the multivariate ground motion parameters used in this study exhibit good stability, making them suitable for evaluating the tunnel damage potential induced by ground motion. Among the nine selected ground motion parameters, peck ground acceleration (PGA), peck ground velocity (PGV), root-mean-square acceleration (RMSA), and spectral acceleration (Sa) have the highest contribution rates to GMP_CCA and DRP_CCA and the highest importance in assessing the tunnel damage potential. In contrast to univariate ground motion parameters, multivariate ground motion parameters exhibit a higher correlation with tunnel dynamic response parameters and enable accurate assessment of tunnel damage potential.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.351-360
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• 2014

이 연구의 목적은 감쇠시스템 설계 시 ASCE7-10의 등가선형해석과 응답스펙트럼해석의 설계절차 및 비선형해석에 간략화된 등가프레임모델을 제안하여, 선형 및 비선형 해석 시 소모되는 시간을 줄이고 해석 조건 및 변수조건을 다양화함으로 감쇠시스템 적용 시 효과를 합리적으로 검토하는데 있다. 이 연구에서는 최근에 이슈화 되고 있는 공동주택의 감쇠시스템 도입과 관련하여 ASCE7-10의 성능기반 내진설계를 근간으로 내진성능평가 및 감쇠시스템 설계를 비선형응답이력 해석을 통하여 수행하였다. 특히 공동주택 대상건물을 건축구조기준의 75% 지진력 수준으로 최적화 설계 시 내진성능평가를 수행하여 안전성을 검토하는 한편, 기준에 제시된 지진력 수준으로 내진설계 시 골조물량을 비교 하여 경제성을 검토하였다. 또한, 대상건물에 외부제어 이력형 감쇠장치를 적용 시 제안한 프레임 등가모델을 이용하여 ASCE7-10 감쇠시스템 설계를 수행하였으며 Full Scale Model에서 그 제어효과를 검증하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.709-724
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• 2016

This study investigates the optimum design parameters of a superelastic friction base isolator (S-FBI) system through a multi-objective genetic algorithm to improve the performance of isolated buildings against near-fault earthquakes. The S-FBI system consists of a flat steel-PTFE sliding bearing and superelastic NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) cables. Sliding bearing limits the transfer of shear across the isolation interface and provides damping from sliding friction. SMA cables provide restoring force capability to the isolation system together with additional damping characteristics. A three-story building is modeled with S-FBI isolation system. Multiple-objective numerical optimization that simultaneously minimizes isolation-level displacements and superstructure response is carried out with a genetic algorithm in order to optimize S-FBI system. Nonlinear time history analyses of the building with optimal S-FBI system are performed. A set of 20 near-fault ground motion records are used in numerical simulations. Results show that S-FBI system successfully control response of the buildings against near-fault earthquakes without sacrificing in isolation efficacy and producing large isolation-level deformations.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.277-296
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• 2013

Margin of safety against potential of progressive collapse is among important features of a structural system. Often eccentricity in plan of a building causes concentration of damage, thus adversely affects its progressive collapse safety margin. In this paper the progressive collapse of symmetric and asymmetric 3-story reinforced concrete ordinary moment resisting frame buildings subjected to the earthquake ground motions are studied. The asymmetric buildings have 5%, 15% and 25% mass eccentricity. The distribution of the damage and spread of the collapse is investigated using nonlinear time history analyses. Results show that potential of the progressive collapse at both stiff and flexible edges of the buildings increases with increase in the level of asymmetry in buildings. It is also demonstrated that "drift" as a more easily available global response parameter is a good measure of the potential of progressive collapse rather than much difficult-to-calculate local response parameter of "number of collapse plastic hinges".

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2013

This study describes structural reliability analysis of actively-controlled structure for which random vibration analysis is incorporated into the first-order reliability method (FORM) framework. The existing approaches perform the reliability analysis based on the RMS response, whereas the proposed study uses the peak response for the reliability analysis. Therefore, the proposed approach provides us a meaningful performance measure of the active control system, i.e., realistic failure probability. In addition, it can deal with the uncertainties in the system parameters as well as the excitations in single-loop reliability analysis, whereas the conventional random vibration analysis requires double-loop reliability analysis; one is for the system parameters and the other is for stochastic excitations. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a numerical example where the proposed approach shows fast and accurate reliability (or inversely failure probability) assessment results of the dynamical active control system against random seismic excitations in the presence of parametric uncertainties of the dynamical structural system.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.269-279
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• 2022

In this research, a series of dynamic numerical analysis were carried out for deep underground building structures under the various earthquake conditions. Dynamic numerical analysis model was developed based on the PLAXIS2D and calibrated with centrifuge test data from Kim et al. (2016). The hardening soil model with small strain stiffness (HSSMALL) was adopted for soil constitutive model, and interface elements was employed at the interface between plate and soil elements to simulate dynamic interaction effect. In addition, parametric study was performed for fixed condition and embedded depth. Finally, the dynamic behavior of underground building structure was thoroughly analyzed and evaluated.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.59-74
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• 2022

This study introduces a general reliability-based, performance-based design framework to design frames regarding their uncertainties and user-defined design goals. The Iterative-R method extracted from the main framework can designate a proper R (i.e., response modification factor) satisfying the design goal regarding target reliability index and pre-defined probability of collapse. The proposed methodology is based on FEMA P-695 and can be used for all systems that FEMA P-695 applies. To exemplify the method, multiple three-dimensional, four-story steel special moment-resisting frames are considered. Closed-form relationships are fitted between frames' responses and the modeling parameters. Those fits are used to construct limit state functions to apply reliability analysis methods for design safety assessment and the selection of proper R. The frameworks' unique feature is to consider arbitrarily defined probability density functions of frames' modeling parameters with an insignificant analysis burden. This characteristic enables the alteration in those parameters' distributions to meet the design goal. Furthermore, with sensitivity analysis, the most impactful parameters are identifiable for possible improvements to meet the design goal. In the studied examples, it is revealed that a proper R for frames with different levels of uncertainties could be significantly different from suggested values in design codes, alarming the importance of considering the stochastic behavior of elements' nonlinear behavior.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2018

2016년 경주지진에 이어 2017년에도 포항지진이 발생하여 우리나라 동남권 지역이 지진의 위협을 받고 있는 실정이다. 특히, 포항지진에서는 연안의 퇴적지반에서 액상화 현상이 발생하여 이에 대한 대책 마련이 크게 중요시되고 있다. 지반 액상화는 지표면 위의 구조물뿐만 아니라 지중의 시설에 대해 직접적인 영향을 줄 수 있기 때문에 발생 가능한 지진에 대한 시설물의 액상화 위험도를 파악하여 이에 대한 대책을 마련할 필요가 있다. 이 연구에서는 최근 국내에서 지진이 발생한 동남권 지역의 전력구를 대상으로 지진 시 액상화 위험도를 평가하였다. 이때, 발생 가능한 지진은 재현주기 1,000년으로 고려하였으며 지진 시 액상화 위험도는 액상화 발생가능성 지수를 통해 검토하였다. 액상화 위험도 분석은 2단계로 진행되었으며 1단계에서는 동남권 전력공동구 설치위치의 지반조사자료를 토대로 액상화 발생 가능성 지수를 산정하여 액상화 위험도를 분석하였다. 이때, 지반 내 증폭현상은 지반종별 지반증폭계수를 통해 고려되었다. 2단계 위험도 분석은 1단계 분석에서 액상화 발생 가능성이 매우 높게 판정된 전력구 주변의 시추공 정보를 바탕으로 지진응답해석을 수행하고 이를 토대로 액상화 발생 가능성 지수를 재산정하여 지진 시 액상화 위험도를 재분석하였다. 이때, 이용된 지반조사자료는 국토지반정보 통합DB센터의 자료이며 지진응답해석에서는 3가지의 실지진 가속도 시간이력곡선을 이용하였다. 연구결과, 국내 지중 시설물에 대한 액상화 위험도 평가를 1단계 광역기반의 액상화 위험도 평가를 수행하고 2단계 평가에서는 1단계 평가에서 위험한 곳으로 평가된 지역에 대해서 지진응답해석을 동반한 위험도 평가를 재수행하는 것이 매우 합리적이고 유효적절한 것으로 나타났다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.465-479
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• 2021

One of the important causes of building and infrastructure failure, such as bridges on pile foundations, is the placement of the piles in liquefiable soil that can become unstable under seismic loads. Therefore, the overarching aim of this study is to investigate the seismic behavior of a soil-pile system in liquefiable soil using three-dimensional numerical FEM analysis, including soil-pile interaction. Effective parameters on concrete pile response, involving the pile diameter, pile length, soil type, and base acceleration, were considered in the framework of finite element non-linear dynamic analysis. The constitutive model of soil was considered as elasto-plastic kinematic-isotropic hardening. First, the finite element model was verified by comparing the variations on the pile response with the measured data from the centrifuge tests, and there was a strong agreement between the numerical and experimental results. Totally 64 non-linear time-history analyses were conducted, and the responses were investigated in terms of the lateral displacement of the pile, the effect of the base acceleration in the pile behavior, the bending moment distribution in the pile body, and the pore pressure. The numerical analysis results demonstrated that the relationship between the pile lateral displacement and the maximum base acceleration is non-linear. Furthermore, increasing the pile diameter results in an increase in the passive pressure of the soil. Also, piles with small and big diameters are subjected to yielding under bending and shear states, respectively. It is concluded that an effective stress-based ground response analysis should be conducted when there is a liquefaction condition in order to determine the maximum bending moment and shear force generated within the pile.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.369-376
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• 2017

본 논문은 ASCE 7-10를 적용한 비틀림 비정형 철골 모멘트 골조의 설계 및 평가를 수행한 동반연구(I 내진설계)의 후속 연구이다. 본 연구에서는 철골 모멘트 골조의 비틀림 비정형 발생 여부와 ASCE 7-10 설계 요구조건의 적용 여부에 따라 내진성능평가를 수행하였다. 그 결과, ASCE 7-10의 비정형 내진설계 요구조건을 적용한 철골 모멘트 골조의 경우 붕괴확률이 매우 낮고 상당히 보수적인 설계 결과를 나타냈으며, 본 연구에서는 비틀림 비정형 구조물의 합리적인 설계를 위해 개선된 설계 방법을 제시하였다. 제안된 방법으로 설계된 비틀림 비정형 철골 모멘트 골조의 붕괴확률은 기존의 방법으로 설계된 구조물의 붕괴확률을 보다 크지만 ASCE 7-10의 붕괴확률 요구 조건을 만족하였다.