• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.380-387
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• 2005

Little has been understood about the seismic behavior of curved bridges due to the different structural characteristics compared to straight bridges. In this study, a simple numerical model, widely used for seismic analysis, is modified for a more realistic estimation of the seismic behavior. The seismic response of curved bridges obtained with the modified simple numerical model was compared with the result using a more sophisticated model to verify the feasibility. Seismic analyses were performed on three-span continuous curved bridges, which is a structural system widely used in highway structures. Numerical model of the three-span continuous curved bridges were subjected to seismic loads in diverse directions. From the result of the analysis. it was found that the direction of the seismic load have significant effect of the seismic behavior of curved bridges when the central angle exceeds 90 degrees.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.73-89
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• 2016

The seismic performance of moment frames could vary according to the rotation capacity of their connections. The minimum rotation capacity of moment connections for steel intermediate moment frames (IMF) was defined as 0.02 radian in AISC 341-10. This study evaluated the seismic performance of IMF frames with connections having a rotation capacity of 0.02 radian. For this purpose, thirty IMFs were designed according to current seismic design provisions considering different design parameters such as the number of stories, span length, and seismic design categories. The procedure specified in FEMA P695 was used for conducting seismic performance evaluation. It was observed that the rotation capacity of 0.02 radian could not guarantee the satisfactory seismic performance of IMFs. This study also conducted seismic performance evaluation for IMFs with connections having the rotation capacity of 3% and ductile connections for proposing the minimum rotation capacity of IMF connections.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.110-115
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• 2014

It is crucial for important facilities to withstand strong earthquakes because their damage may cause undesirable socio-economic effect. A liquefied natural gas (LNG) receiving terminal is one of the lifeline facilities whose seismic safety needs to be guaranteed. Even though all operating LNG receiving terminals in Korea were seismically designed, old design codes do not guarantee to comply with the current seismic design codes. In addition, if the constructional materials have been deteriorated, the seismic capacity of facilities may be also deteriorated. Therefore, it is necessary that the seismic performance of LNG receiving terminals is evaluated and the facilities that lack of seismic capacity have to be rehabilitated. In this paper, a procedure of seismic performance evaluation of such facilities is developed such that the procedure consists of three phases, namely pre-analysis, analysis, and evaluation phases. In the pre-analysis phase, design documents are reviewed and walk-on inspection is performed to determine the current state of the material properties. In the analysis phase, a structural analysis under a given earthquake or a seismic effect is performed to determine the seismic response of the structure. In the evaluation phase, seismic performance of the structure is evaluated based on limit states. Two of the important facilities, i.e. the submerged combustion vaporizer (SMV) and pipe racks of one of the Korean LNG receiving terminals are selected and evaluated according to the developed procedure. Both of the facilities are safe under the design level earthquake.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 1998

The seismic behaviour of rotating machine-foundation systems subjected to six-component nonstationary earthquake ground accelerations is analyzed. The rotating machine-foundation system is idealized by using discs, rotating shaft, fluid-film journal bearings, pedestals, and space frame foundation. Thus, governing equations of motion for the rotating machine-foundation system are obtained by considering Gyroscopic effect, Coriolis effect, dynamic characteristics of fluid-film journal bearings, and translational and rotational motions of seismic rigid base. The influences due to Gyroscopic effects, Coriolis effects, and rotational motions of seismic base on the overall structural response are demonstrated by a numerical example. The results show that the inclusion of base rotations and Gyroscopic effects contributes significantly to the system response.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.53-64
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• 2023

Earth fissures with several kilometers will inevitably approach or cross the metro line, significantly threatening the safety of the underground structure in the earth fissure site. However, the influence of the earth fissure site's amplification effect on the metro station's dynamic response is still unclear. A representative earth fissure in Xi'an was taken as an example to establish a numerical model of a metro station in the earth fissure site. The dynamic response characteristics of the metro stations at different distances from the earth fissure under various seismic waves were calculated. The results show that the existence of the earth fissure significantly amplifies the dynamic response of the nearby underground structures. The responses of the axial force, shear force, bending moment, normal stress, horizontal displacement, inter-story drift, and relative slip of the metro station were all amplified within a specific influence range. The amplification effect increases with the seismic wave intensity. The amplification effect caused by the earth fissure has relatively weak impacts on the axial shear, shear force, bending movement, normal stress, and horizontal movement; slightly larger impacts on the inter-story drift and acceleration; and a significant impact on the relative slip. The influence ranges of the axial force and normal stress are approximately 20 m. The influence ranges of the acceleration and inter-story drift can reach 30 m. Therefore, the seismic fortification level of the underground structure in the earth fissure site needs to be improved.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.319-330
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• 2022

Retrofit of soft-story buildings due to seismic loads using Gap-Inclined-Brace (GIB) system is considered a new retrofit technique that aims to maintain both strength and stiffness of structure. In addition, it provides more ductility and less P-delta effect, and subsequently better performance is observed. In this paper, the effect of the eccentricity between GIB and the retrofitted column due to installation on the efficiency of the retrofitting system is studied. In addition, a modification in the determination method of GIB properties is introduced to reduce the eccentricity effect. Also, the effect of GIB system on the seismic response of mid-rise buildings with different heights considering soft-story at various heights has been studied. A numerical model is developed to study the impact of such system on the response of retrofitted soft-story buildings under the action of seismic loads. To achieve that goal, this model is used to perform a numerical investigation, by considering five case study scenarios represent several locations of soft-story of two mid-rise reinforced concrete buildings. At first, Non-linear static pushover analysis was carried out to develop the capacity curves for case studies. Then, Non-linear time history analyses using ten earthquake records with five peak ground accelerations is performed for each case study scenario before and after retrofitting with GIB. The results show that large GIB eccentricity reduce the ultimate lateral resistance and deformation capacity of the retrofitting system. Moreover, the higher the retrofitted building, the more deformation capacity is observed but without significant increase in ultimate lateral resistance.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.1126-1131
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• 2010

Experimental studies for the high damping rubber bearing, lead rubber bearing and natural rubber bearing, those are often used to improve the seismic capacity if the structure recently, are conducted to evaluate the seismic capacity of the seismic isolation bearings. The shear stiffness of the bearings decrease and the shear strain amplitude or the constant axial load level increase, but not sensitive to the strain rate effect. Bearings are strong for the axial compression but weak for the axial tension.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.429-442
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• 2023

To study the seismic vulnerability of the composite material structure of adobe and timber, we collected and statistically analysed empirical observation samples of 542,214,937 m² and 467,177 buildings that were significantly impacted during the 179 earthquakes that occurred in mainland China from 1976 to 2010. In multi-intensity regions, combined with numerical analysis and a probability model, a non-linear continuous regression model of the vulnerability, considering the empirical seismic damage area (number of buildings) and the ratio of seismic damage, was established. Moreover, a probability matrix model of the empirical seismic damage mean value was provided. Considering the coupling effect of the annual and seismic fortification factors, an empirical seismic vulnerability curve model was constructed in the multiple-intensity regions. A probability matrix model of the mean vulnerability index (MVI) was proposed, and was validated through the above-mentioned reconnaissance sample data. A matrix model of the MVI of the regions (19 provinces in mainland China) based on the parameter (MVI) was established.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.54-59
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• 2009

Seismic station of high noise level has difficulties detecting relatively weak ground motions due to small earthquakes or teleseismic events because earthquake detectability of seismic station depends on seismic noise level. To figure out the capability of earthquake detection of a seismic network, therefore, seismic noise level of each station also needs to be considered, including the distribution of seismic stations. Recently, it has been known that most of broadband seismic stations in South Korea have affected by cultural noise in the frequencies higher than 1 Hz and show diurnal variations of noise level. In order to analyze the effect of diurnal variation of seismic noise level on earthquake detectability, we used the result of background seismic noise level analysis of seismograms of 30 broadband stations of KIGAM and KMA from 2005 to 2007. This study shows that earthquakes greater than magnitude 2.4 occurring within the Korean Peninsula can be detected at night while those greater than magnitude 2.6 can be detected in the daytime.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.69-78
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• 2007

In this study, for the evaluation of seismic safety of the isolated Emergency Diesel Generator (EDG) System more quantitatively, the seismic fragility analysis method were proposed. Using the proposed method, seismic fragility analysis performed and a seismic risk of EDG system was present. The fragility analysis performed not for an existing EDG system but also for an isolated EDG system which increases the seismic capacity. At first, numerical models for existing and isolated EDG system were constructed and seismic response analysis performed according to input seismic waves and peak ground accelerations. An uncertainty factors and failure modes of both fixed and isolated EDG system were assumed for fragility analysis. The HCLPF values were evaluated for the compare the improvement effect using the isolation system. As a result, the isolation system can make better the seismic fragility of EDG system, but the failure of isolation system was govern the behavior of whole system.