• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.250-250
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• 2017

Studies were conducted to select the optimum sowing date and planting density of sesame in the middle area of Korea. To select the optimum sowing date, sesame seeds sowed from 20 April to 7 July with 15-day intervals. To select the optimum planting density, sesame seeds investigated under four different planting distances ($30{\times}10,\;30{\times}15,\;30{\times}20$, and $30{\times}25cm$)respectively in the experimental field. As seeding date was delayed, days to emergence were shortened flowering and maturing date were delayed. Delayed sowing date resulted in decreased length, capsule setting stem length and number of capsules, and branchs per plant. Number of Capsules was high sowing date on 5 May in the range of 90~95ea/plant in sesame. Also yield of sesame seeds was most high on 5 May in the range of 142kg/10a by sowing date. Sowing date up to 5 May showed no effect on grain yield, but from 5 June to 5 July decreased 27%, 68% and 86%, respectively. For all planting distances, weight of 1,000 grain was not significantly different. However, number of branches and capsules tended to increase. Number of Capsules was high planting distance of $30{\times}20cm$ and $30{\times}25cm$ in the range of 146.7~165.7ea/plant in the Geonbaekkae. Areumkkae also showed the same tendency on planting distance of $30{\times}20cm$ and $30{\times}25cm$ in the range of 122.0~147.5ea/plant, respectively. Yield of Geonbaekkae and Areumkkae seeds was most high 116kg/10a, 117kg/10a, respectively on planting distance $30{\times}20cm$. Decreased in the planting distance of sesame has increased the incidence of disease and lodging. Based on the results, we suggest a planting distance of $30{\times}20cm$ maximal growth and yield of sesame in the middle area of Korea. Considering growth characteristics, sesame yield ability, the optimum sowing date was 5 May and optimum planting pattern was founded to be two rows planting in one ridge and planting densities was $30{\times}20cm$.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.194-203
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• 1984

To evaluate the compatibility in systemic use of 4 kinds of herbicides on both weeds and soybeans, trials were conducted at Coll. Exp. Farm/Jonnam Nat'l. Univ., 1983. Among the experimented 4 herbicides, alachlor or metribuzin were applied at pre-emergence, and followed by postemergence spraying of acifluorfen or bentazon, respectively. All herbicides were applicated at rates of 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 kg active ingredients per ha. Under the conditions which Echinochloa crusgalli and Digitaria adscendense were dominating, most comprehensive compatibility was found from each rates 0.5 - 0.75 kg/ha at 60 days after crop seeding date. However, slight transient leaf burn was evident at the plots of metribuzin and/or acifluorfen applicated. The positive tendency of herbicide interactions in weeding efficacy was observed from the system in alachlor sequence. However, the results in crop growth and yields at hervest indicate the necessity of higher rates of each herbicides upto 0.75 kg/ha for the consistence weeding efficacies. And more excellent weeding results (crop growth and yields) on crop plants were provided from the plots which applicated by residual type herbicide, namely acifluorfen than bentzaon.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2015

This study was conducted from 2013 to 2014 to explore the feasibility of the cultivation of warm-season grass as an annual Korean forage crop, while concurrently evaluating the characteristics and forage production of warm-season grass in Korea. The experimental design was a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Five bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] cultivars, two teffgrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) cultivars, and a Kleingrass [Panicum coloratum L.] cultivar were compared for forage production and quality in the middle region of Korea. After seeding, the numbers of days until seedling emergence for bermudagrass and kleingrass were observed at approximately day 11 and day 12, respectively. The heading dates of teffgrass and kleingrass were on July 12 and July 26, respectively. The dry matter (DM) yield of bermudagrass Tifton 85 was usually greater than the other entries. The crude protein content (CPC) and total digestibility nutrient (TDN) for the teffgrass cultivars were usually greater than the other entries at all study sites. The acid detergent fiber (ADF) and in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) were similar across all cultivars.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics and forage production of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) in Jeju. Bermudagrass cultivars evaluated were Common and Ecotype. Bahiagrass cultivars evaluated were Tifton 9 and Argentine. Two warm season grasses were established at the Subtropical Animal Experiment Station in spring 2007. Emergence of bremudagrass and bahiagrass was observed approximately 16 days and 28 days after seeding, respectively. The heading dates of bermudagrass and bahiagrass were on 26 May and in mid-July, respectively. Bermudagrass cultivars had higher dry matter (DM) than bahiagrass at first harvest. Dry matter yield of bahiagrass was higher than that of bermudagrass (p<0.05). Peak forage DM production of bermudagrass and bahiagrass cultivars was in June and July, respectively. The content of crude protein (CP) and total digestibility nutrient (TDN) of bermudagrass cultivars were higher than those of bahiagrass during the first harvest. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) were similar across the four cultivars. In Jeju, bermudagrass and bahiagrass provide a useful option for supplemental summer forage in most livestock forage systems.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.262-269
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• 1995

The reseach was conducted to find out if there are any difference in growth, specific pattern in weed competition, and herbicide response of Korean lawngrass(Zoysia japonica Steud.) in a green house equipped with auto-foggy system. Plant height and leaf stage of Korean lowngrass under foggy condition were increased through all growing stages, whereas the number of tillers and shoot fresh weight harvested at 100 days after seeding were reduced by 24% and 29%, respectively, comparing with non-foggy condition. Weed emergence(total fresh weight) under foggy condition was much greater than that under non-foggy condition. Plant height, number of tillers, number of plant and shoot fresh weight of lawngrass under foggy condition were severely reduced with increasing the duration of competition(above 40 day-competition). Among the herbicides treated, oxyfluorfen completely inhibited plant height of lawngrass regardless of foggy condition, and bensulide considerably inhibited plant height of lawngrass under foggy condition. On the other hand, flazasulfuron did not affect the growth of lawngrass under both foggy and non-foggy conditions. At 40 days after herbicides application, weeding efficacy of bensulide and mecoprop under foggy condition were reduced by 6% and 13%, respectively, comparing with non-foggy condition.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

To evaluate agronomic characteristics for the use of biodiesel crop, 328 collections of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) were obtained from Genebank in Rural Development Adminstration (RDA). The necessary days from seeding to emergence of collections were from 7 to 12 days, and the days to flowering were widely distributed from 55 to 86 days. Stem length ranged from 131 to 345 cm with a mean of 259 cm, and the mean maturing days were 35 days. The number of head flower was 1~23 ea per plant, and the mean size of head flower was 17.6 cm with a range from 14.7 to 21.3 cm (72.8%). The mean seed number per head flower was 1,430 ea, and the weight of seed per plant ranged from 23 to 379 g with a mean of 91.4 g. The mean seed length was 11.7 mm with a range from 9.0 to 21.5 mm, and the mean diameter was 6.4 mm. The mean weight of seed per litter, 1000 grain weight and seed weight per plant were 322.5 g, 63.3 g and 204 g, respectively. Variation of number of head per plant was largest and weight of grain per plant was large in next among growth and grain characteristics. At the results of correlation analysis among characteristics, the seed diameter was getting bigger and the days for flowering dates were prolonged in the higher stem length plant, but the days to maturing and growth duration was shortened.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.186-194
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• 1994

Lack of seedling vigor is considered a serious deterrent to use of broadleafed birdsfoot trefoil (Lorus comicul~rus L.). Our objectives were to compare early seedling growth of broadleafed birdsfoot trefoil cultivar "MO-20" and the large-seeded accession 302921 at $15^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$. in controlled-environment chambers. Cabon dioxide exchange rate (CER) was measured in a closed or open system using infrared gas analysis. Dark respiration rate was measured manometrically. Net carbon accumulated per day and growth analysis of the seedlings were calculated. Initial seed mass of 302921 was 3.5 times larger and final cotyledon area was 2 times larger than those of MO-20, and early seedling growth was better. But, from 3 weeks after emergence until the end of the test period at $25^{\circ}C$, MO-20 showed higher CER per unit leaf area and faster dry weight accumulation than did 302921. Compared with $25^{\circ}C$, growth of MO-20 at $15^{\circ}C$ was suppressed more than that of 302921. Dark respiration rate of MO-20 was slightly higher than that for 302921, but not COz uptake per day for MO-20 was highest at$25^{\circ}C$ and lowest at $25^{\circ}C$. The relative growth rate (RGR) of MO-20 was higher than 302921 at $25^{\circ}C$ due to high net assimilation rate, but there was little difference in RGR between entries at $15^{\circ}C$.}C$.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 1993

On the purpose to increase the cultivation stability of the hulless waxy barley which is unstable in the northern region of Korea, the effects of genes of hulled /hulless and waxy /nonwaxy on seedling emergency was studied by using four isogenic lines of hulled -waxy, hulless -waxy, hulled -nonwaxy and hulless -nonwaxy barley. The germination rates of hulless lines lowered by four to six percent compared with those of hulled counterparts with one day's rainfall just before harvest, and were much deteriorated with raining prolonged. The gaps between emergency rates of hulless lines and their counterparts were greater than those of germination rates, and the differences increased as the seeding depths were deepened. The emergency rates of hulless lines were affected in the order of seeding depth, rotation speed of thresher and preharvest rainfall. Waxy endosperm gene did not show any significant effects on the damage of grain during threshing. It seems that the embryos of hulled lines were less damaged than those of hulless ones during threshing due to the protecting effects by husks. When grains were threshed with thresher of 600rpm or 900rpm and dehulled with dehuller of 750rpm, any significant depreciations such as broken seeds and decreased germination rate did not occured in hulled lines. But the grains of hulless lines received some damages with the rotation speeds, especially germination rates decreased seriously when the rotation speed of de huller was high. Prehavest sprout rates of the lines incorporated with the waxy genes were higher than those with nonwaxy genes whereas the genes of hulled and hulless did not give any significant effects.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.175-186
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• 1985

Research situation and recent research activities of the RDA of Korea were reviewed and summarized for rice nurserybed. Sixty five percent of total 784 weed research items were carried out as rice research while only 6 percent was belonged to nurserybed within rice research. The floristic composition based on the degree of dominance significantly affected by herbicide properties, type of nurserybed and seeding itself. Herbicidal phytotoxicity of currently used several herbicides was greatly dependent upon the covering, absorption, germination, and irrigation regimes. The new safening agent "CGA 123 407" (4,6-dichloro-2-phenyl-pyrimidine) permited the safe application of pretilachlor (2-chloro-2',6-diethyl-N-(2-propoxyethyl) acetanilide) as a pre-emergence herbicide without reducing herbicidal efficacy. Several new herbicides, pyrazolate (4-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-1,3-dimethylpyrazol-5-yl-p-toluenesulphonate), SL-49 (1,3-dimethyl-4-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-5-phenacyloxy-pyrazole) MY-93 (S(1-methyl-1-phenethyl)-piperidine-1-carbathioate) and DPX-84 ((methyl 2- ((4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl) amino-carbonyl) aminosulfonylmethyl)) benzolate)) performed satisfactorily in terms of safety and herbicidal efficacy for both surface covered and surface pressed nurserybed after herbicide application and thus expected very significant contributions not only for all kind of nurserybeds but also for direct seeding.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.30-43
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• 1981

On unwedded paddy fields, six cropping patterns of rice cultivation, namely direct broadcast seeding, direct row seeding, machine transplanting, early season hand transplanting, standard season hand transplanting, and late season hand transplanting, were detected with two representative rice cultivars (Milyang 23 and Sadominori) to estimate the comparative fluctuation patterns of weed flora. As a result, number of emerged weed species, most crowding stages, differences of weed growth among cropping patterns, possible tendencies of competition in plant heights among plant groups, variations in Importance Values, and Simpson's Index analysis were discussed, respectively.