• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.336-342
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• 1993

To obtain the basic information necessary for the development of soybean varieties well adaptable to upland-paddy field rotational croppings, the difference of growth characteristics between upland and paddy-field including yield potentials of current recommending soybean varieties were evaluated. The growth characteristics, both above and under-ground, which were measured at flowering stage were generally greater in paddy-field but the number of root nodules was much greater in upland, thus the artificial inoculation was practically recommended for soybean growing in paddy-fields. Mean seed yield was generally higher in paddy-fields than in upland. All soybean varieties showed higher seed yield in the early planting date, April 20, were somewhat susceptible to soybean mosaic virus(SMV), thus they could be escaped from the disasterous endemic necrotic soybean mosaic virus(SMV-N). Soybean varieties showed over 4.0 tons/ha seed yield in the paddy-field were Williams 79, Union, SS77053, and Namhaekong. At the same time, Jangyeobkong and Danyeobkong were the most stable soybean varieties among the tested soybean varieties with less than 10% of coefficient variation values in all planting dates in paddy fields. Compared with Hwangkeumkong which is most widely being cultivated on farmer's fields, soybean varieties showed high yields in paddy-field were higher in plant height, less in the number of branches, and more in the number of nodes on main stem. At the same time, they had medium seed size which would bring the good germination and stands. Disease resistance especially for necrotic soybean mosaic virus was also one of the most decisive factors in seed yields for the early planted soybeans.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 1990

In order to examine the possibility of seed propagation of jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) which has been propagated vegatatively so far, it was investigated the growth characteristics of seedlings and the biomass productivity by seed propagation in jerusalem artichoke. The results indicated that the seedlings from seeds exhibited the physiological dwarfing as a rosette habit. The physiological dwarfing as a rosette habit in jerusalem artichoke seedlings from seeds was a kind of appearance affected by photoperiod. This abnormal habit in seedlings from JA6 seeds during the growing period was persisted in short photoperiod of 10 hrs but was disappeared in long photoperiod of 14 hrs. In the condition of long photoperiod, seedlings from seeds grew normally and the average tuber yields obtained from seed propagation was finally 3.51 ton/10a, which can be the satisfying level to the use of seed propagation despite its complexity such as the needs of specific seedling time because it gives a high biomass productivity. This potential utilization of seed propagation in jerusalem artichoke can be basically applied to the collection or preservation of germ plasm and the improvement of jerusalem artichoke.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.310-315
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• 2012

The vegetable perilla is proved to be a late-maturing plant that flowers at the early of Oct. regardless of sowing time, so that the sowing time for seed production should be decided under consideration of maturity before beginning of frost. This experiment was carried out to determine the sowing date for seed production at greenhouse on late-maturing perilla cultivar, 'Ipdlkkae 1' in the middle region of Korea. The sowing dates were 8 times from May 6 to July 15 with an intervals of 10 days. As sowing date was delayed, the stem height, no. of nodes, no. of branches, no. of cluster per plant and no. of capsules per cluster were decreased. But as sowing was early, the lodging was occurred because of heavier growing. Days to flowering was linearly decreased about 0.86 day as affected by a day's delayed. But days from flowering to maturing was not significantly affected by sowing date. The grain yield was not significantly different among sowing from May 6 to June 15 and rapidly decreased the sowing after June 25 because of the reductions of no. of cluster and percent of ripened grain. Considering accumulative temperature, lodging, germination rate and grain yield, it is suggested that the sowing for seed production in late-maturing perilla cultivar should be finish before June 15 (transplanted at July 15) at greenhouse in the middle region of Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2020

This study was conducted to develop a technique for the stable production of Italian ryegrass(IRG) seeds in reclamation sites. Harvesting 35 days after heading in Autumn resulted in the highest production, an average of 2,232kg/ha. The production yield decreased due to seed loss as harvesting was delayed to 45 and 55 days post-heading. For the harvested 35 days post-heading, under growing rice sowing resulted in 80% seed yield of after rice sowing's; spring sowing resulted in 40%. After rice sowing using the domestic IRG seeds of 30kg/ha produced the highest seed yield of 2,507kg/ha. The highest straw yield has resulted when using the imported IRG seeds of 20kg/ha for after rice sowing 35 days post-heading fresh weight 36,667kg/ha, dry weight 14,500kg/ha, and TDN weight 7,895kg/ha.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 1987

To know the effects of weeding periods (weeding from 12 days, 28 days and 42 days after seeding to harvest, and weeding from seeding to 14 days, 28 days and 42 days after seeding) and growing conditions such as transparent polyethylene film mulch (P.E. mulch) and bare soil on growth and yield of peanuts, "Yeongho-Tangkong" was planted on May 10, 1984. Under P.E. mulch, the number of weeds was higher, but the weed dry weight was lower than in bare soil by the middle of July. Sixty days after seedings, the length of main stems in weedy check plots was longer, but shoot dry weight was lower compared to weed free plot. In the correlation coefficients between weed dry weight and the shoot dry weight of peanut on July 14, the growth retardation of peanuts due to weeds was showed earlier under P.E. mulch than in bare soil. Shoot dry weight, shelling ratio, number of seeds per pod, 100 pod weight, and seed yield were higher under P.E, mulch compared to bare soil. But weed dry weight, length of branches, number of pod bearing branches, number of pods per square meters, and pod yield were similar between P.E. mulch and bare soil. Shoot dry weight of peanuts, length of branches, number of pod bearing branches, number of pods per square meters, pod yield, 100 pod weight, 100 seed weight, and seed yield in weed free plots from 28 days after seeding to harvest (28 DAS-Harvest) were higher compared to weed free plots from 42 DAS-Harvest. However, in the weed free plot from seeding to 42 days after seeding seed yield was lower than that of the continuous weeding plot due to lower number of pod bearing branches and number of pods per square meters. When weed was not controlled at the later growth stages of peanuts, reduction in seed yield due to weeds was greater in bare soil than that under P.E. mulch.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.194-200
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• 1984

Effects of seed coating on establishment, early growth and herbage production were investigated in Pot, Soil box and Field experiments. Seed was coated with 60% Lime, 20% Phosphate and 20% Peatmoss(W/W), also finely sprayed 13% Arabic gum and 2% Methyl cellulose(W/V). Coating were generally 1:20, seed: coat(W/W). 1. In the general growth of the growing stages and different oversown species at 80 days, seed coated was promoted than none in early growth. (Table 2 and 3) 2. Stand counts at 60 days after oversown, seed coated was higher 15% than none, especially, there was advantage due to coating on the medium and large size seeds such as Orchardgrass, Perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass, but did not assist establishment of the large (Tall fescue) and small (Ladino clover) size seed. 3. Variation of sward composition was not quite different between two treatments, but seed coated was slightly increased the Percentage of sown grasses with advance of cutting time. 4. Total dry metter yield per unit area with seed coated was higher 17% than none in establishment year. 5. Variations in the chemical composition of the herbage and soil were influenced by coating materials in the coating regime (Table 8). 6. From these facts, seed coated also appeared that adequate seedling stands, early growth and herbage production could be obtained with higher than conventional overseeding method under a poor conditions.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2013

Acacia mangium is an evergreen fast-growing tropical tree, which can grow up to 30 m tall and 50 cm thick, under favorable conditions. It is a low-elevation species associated with rain forest margins and disturbed, well-drained acid soils. It is native to Papua, Western Irian Jaya and the Maluku islands in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and north-eastern Queensland in Australia. Due to its rapid growth and tolerance of very poor soils, A. mangium was introduced into some Asian, African and western hemisphere countries where it is used as a plantation tree. A. mangium has good quality wood traits, such as a comparatively low proportion of parenchymatous cells and vessels, white and hard wood, and high calorific value. Therefore, it is useful for a variety of purposes, such as furniture, cabinets, turnery, floors, particleboard, plywood, veneer, fence posts, firewood, and charcoal. It is also being used in pulp and paper making because it has good pulp traits, with high yields of pulp, quality of kraft, and produces paper with good optical, physical and surface properties. Because there are significant provenance differences in growth rate, stem straightness, heartwood formation and frequency of multiple leaders, the productivity and quality also varies depending upon environmental conditions, so genetic improvement programmes have been undertaken in countries like Australia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Thailand. The programme includes provenance identifications and testing, plus tree selection and clonal multiplication, establishment of seed orchards and hybridization. The phenology, reproductive biology, fruit characteristics, silvicultural practices for cultivation, pest and diseases problems, production of improved planting stock, harvesting, wood properties and utilization have been discussed in this paper.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.378-385
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of variety and growing conditions of wheat on broiler performance and nutrient digestibility. One hundred and sixty-four wheat samples, collected from a wide range of different sources, locations, varieties and years, were analyzed for a range of chemical and physical parameters. Chemical and physical parameters measured included specific weight, thousand grain weight (TG), in vitro viscosity, gross energy, N, NDF, starch, total and soluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), lysine, threonine, amylose, hardness, rate of starch digestion and protein profiles. Ninety-four of the wheat samples were selected for inclusion in four bird trials. Birds were housed in individual wire metabolizm cages from 7 to 28 d and offered water and feed ad libitum. Dry matter intake (DMI), live weight gain (LWG) and gain:feed were determined weekly. A balance collection was carried out from 14 to 21 d for determination of apparent metabolizable energy (AME), ME:gain, DM retention, oil and NDF digestibility. At 28 d the birds were sacrificed, the contents of the jejunum removed for determination of in vivo viscosity and the contents of the ileum removed for determination of ileal DM, starch and protein digestibility. The wheat samples used in the study had wide-ranging chemical and physical parameters, leading to bird DMI, LWG, gain:feed, ME:GE, AME content and ileal starch and protein digestibility being significantly (p<0.05) affected by wheat sample. A high level of N fertilizer application to the English and NI wheat samples tended to benefit bird performance, with increases of up to 3.4, 7.2 and 3.8% in DMI, LWG and gain:feed, respectively. Fungicide application also appeared to have a positive effect on bird performance, with fungicide treated (+F) wheat increasing bird DMI, LWG and gain:feed by 6.6, 9.3 and 2.7%, over the non-fungicide treated (-F) wheats. An increase (p<0.1) of 9.3% in gain:feed was also observed at the low seed rate of 40 compared to 640 seeds/$m^2$. It was concluded that the type of wheat sample and environmental growing conditions significantly affects bird performance when fed wheat-based diets.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.20-30
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• 1979

The purpose of present study is to analyze the genetic variation of natural stand of Pinus densiflora. In 1976 following after the seletion of 1974 and 1975, twenty trees from each of three natural populations of the species were selected and seeds were collected, and the locations and conditions of populations are presented in table 1, 2 and figure 1. Some morphological traits of the populations were already detailed in our fifth report of this series. The morphological traits of cone, seed and seed-wing, and also the growth performances and needle characters of the seedling were observed in the present study according to the previous methods. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The meteorological data obtained by averaging the records of 30 year period(1931~1960) measured from the nearest meteorological station to each population are shown in fig. 2, 3, 4. The distributional patterns of investigated climate factors are generally considered to be similar among the locations. However, the precipitation density during growing season and the air temperature during dormant season on Samchuk area (Pop. 9) were quite different from those of the other areas. 2. The measurements of fresh cone weight, length, diameter and cone index (i.e.: length to diameter ratio) are presented in table 7. As shown in table 7, all these traits except for cone diameter seem to be not significant in population and to be highly significant in family differences within population. 3. The morohological traits of seed and seed-wing are detailed in table 8, 9, and highly significant differences are recognized among the populations and the families within population in seed weight, seed length, seed thickness but not among the populations in the other observed traits. The values of correlation between the characteristics of cone and seed are presented in table 12. As shown, the correlation between cone length and seed wing length, between seed wing width and seed width were significantly positive in population 8 and 9 but in population 7. The positive correlations between seed length and seed width were calculated in all populations studied 4. Significant statistical differences among populations and families within population are observed in the growth performances of 1-0 seedling height of these progenies. But the differences in 1-1 seedling height and root collar diameter are shown only among familes within population. As shown in table 13, the most parts of correlations are not significant statistically between the growth performances of seedling and the seed characters. 5. As shown in table 15, statistical differences are considered to be significant among the populations in stomata row on both sides of the needle but not in serration density. The correlations between progenies and parents are not generally observed in the investigated traits of needle as shown in table 16.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2012

Two strains which have good traits in quality and speedy growing were selected based on previous report(Ryu, 2007) to breed a new strain carrying the traits in it. KNR2322 carrying high quality and KNR2503 carrying a speedy growing trait were cultivated to harvest monokaryons. The monokaryotic mycelia were characterized in growth rate, color, and stability. Selfing of monokaryons from KNR2322 and crossing between KNR2322- and KNR2503-derived monokaryons were performed. Two parental lines, $KNR2322-4{\times}37-6{\times}12(B)$ showing thremmatological values in weight and quality, 68.5g and 6.5 and $KNR2322-30{\times}KNR2503-60(A)$ was harvested in 13.5 days after scraping old medium were selected. Crossing between A and B resulted in two high quality and speedy growing strain, A8B8 and A8B10. Their days for harvest after scraping, weight, and quality were 14.0 days, 88.8g and 92.7g, 7.0 and 7.1. Originality tests were conducted with genomic DNAs of A8B8 and Keuneutari 3ho(commercial strain) by DNA fingerprinting a confrontation culture. The results showed polymorphism and a inhibition line between them. It suggested that the new strain have originality from the commercial strain. A8B8 have been registered in Korea Seed and Variety Service with as "Saesongi 1ho".