• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.270-274
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• 2010

Obesity is caused from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, which may lead to pathologic growth of adipocytes and accumulation of fat in tissue. We examined the inhibitory effects of Eriobotrya japonica leaf and seed extracts on lipid absorption in vitro and fat accumulation during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 to adipocytes. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were stimulated with DMEM media containing 10% FBS, 0.5 mM 3-isobuthyl-1-methyxanthine (IBMX), $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ insulin, and $1\;{\mu}g/ml$ dexamethasone for differentiation to adipocytes. E. japonica leaf extract at concentration of 0.5 or 1 mg/ml inhibited pancreatic lipase activity. The cell viability of 3T3-L1 adipocytes slightly reduced about 3% by treatment of E. Japonica leaf and seed extracts. The leaf and seed extracts of E. japonica effectively inhibited the accumulations of lipid droplet and expression of $C/EBP{\alpha}$ promoting adipogenesis. Thus, this data suggest that E. japonica leaf and seed extracts inhibit fat accumulation through regulation of $C/EBP{\alpha}$, and leaf extract is more effective in lipid absorption and adipogenesis than seed extract.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.983-987
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• 2014

Nigella sativa (N sativa), commonly known as black seed, has been used in traditional medicine to treat many diseases. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities of N sativa extracts are well known. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the anticancer activity of seed extract (NSE) and seed oil (NSO) of N sativa against a human lung cancer cell line. Cells were exposed to 0.01 to 1 mg/ml of NSE and NSO for 24 h, then percent cell viability was assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2, 5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and neutral red uptake (NRU) assays, and cellular morphology by phase contrast inverted microscopy. The results showed NSE and NSO significantly reduce the cell viability and alter the cellular morphology of A-549 cells in a concentration dependent manner. The percent cell viability was recorded as 75%, 50%, and 26% at 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/ml of NSE by MTT assay and 73%, 48%, and 23% at 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/ml of NSE by NRU assay. Exposure to NSO concentrations of 0.1 mg/ml and above for 24 h was also found to be cytotoxic. The decrease in cell viability at 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/ml of NSO was recorded to be 89%, 52%, 41%, and 13% by MTT assay and 85%, 52%, 38%, and 11% by NRU assay, respectively. A-549 cells exposed to 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/ml of NSE and NSO lost their typical morphology and appeared smaller in size. The data revealed that the treatment of seed extract (NSE) and seed oil (NSO) of Nigella sativa significantly reduce viability of human lung cancer cells.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.428-435
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• 2005

This study was carried out to assess the potential of SSR markers for variety identification by comparing SSR markers and morphological traits in tests of distinctiveness, uniformity, and stability (DUS) of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) varieties. Twenty-seven SSR markers were polymorphic in 66 pepper varieties, revealing a total of 89 alleles. Average polymorphism information content (PIC) value was 0.529, ranging from 0.03 to 0.877. Cluster analysis of the band patterns separated the varieties into three groups corresponding to varietal types. Morphological trait-based clustering showed some degree of similarity to dendrogram topologies based on the SSR index. However, no significance correlation was found between the SSR and morphological data. SSR markers could be used to complement a DUS test of a candidate variety and to select complimentary varieties by pre-screening existing varieties in the context of protecting new varieties of pepper.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2014

Currently G-SEED certification standards was in an effort to building energy-saving and carbon emissions reduction. In this study, focusing on school facilities to suggest an alternative improve green building certification standards through data analysis and conduct an expert Delphi survey. In this study, evaluation of the existing areas of green building certification 7-5 suggest that one out. There are five proposed areas of ecology, health, function, energy and resources. Further it can add areas of economics and $LCCO_2$. Through the assessment items of foreign certification standards evaluated to the feasibility of introducing in Korea. Furthermore taking into account the characteristics of each class, kindergarten, elementary, primary, middle and high schools, College or University were broken down by purpose.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 2001

To analyze their isoflavones contents by HPLC analysis during two years on 60 collected old local traditional soybean varieties from various districts of Korea was conducted. There was a yearly variation in the seed isoflavon concentrations. The total contents on 5 isoflavones were in the range from 16.21mg/g to 25.21 mg/g and from 6.47 mg/g to 15.44 mg/g, in 1997 and 1998, respectively. Collected soybean from Gunsnsi-1(25.21 mg/g) in 1997 and from Gangjingun-3 (16.50 mg/g) in 1998 showed the highest amount of isoflavones as compared with other collected soybean varieties. The highest amount among 5 isoflavones was genistin as 48.45% and 49.73%, in 1997 and 1998, respectively, indicating the genotypic variation in seed isoflavon contents of local soybean cultivar. Our data suggest that it may be feasible for improving soybean variety with higher antioxiadtive activity and substances.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.253-259
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• 1985

The results of the conducted experiment obtained basic data on seed germination for Phragmites communis and Atriplex gmelini were; Seed germination was not influenced till 0.5% NaCl, but at over 1.0% NaCl it dropped remarkably. The germination limit fro degree of NaCl was 2.0% in Phragmites communis. Atriplex gemelini was 2.5% and in accordance with the increase of the degree of NaCl. Germination speed showed a negative correlation being highly significant and the germination period lengthened. Compared with growing top plants, growth of roots was largely influenced by a high degree of NaCl. In accordance with the rise of temperature, the germination rate, and speed of both plants remarkably increased and the germination period was shortened. Ubride of Atriplex gmelini was germinated at the early days of picking but was not as the passing of the period. The seeds also did not germinated likewise Ubride. By a seedcoat breaking germination became 81%. During 20 min soaking treatment in conc H2SO4 seed germination possibility of 63% was known to be hard. Adequate soaking time in conc H2SO4 was 17.5 min.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.60-63
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• 2003

Effect of grape seed extract (GSE) against Candida albicans was examined under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. The GSE was extracted in ethanol. In-vitro results from an agar diffusion susceptibility assay showed the GSE inhibited C. albicans growth. This anticandidal effect was at dose-dependency. In experiments with animals, mice that received the GSE (0.5 mg per mice), intravenously (i.v.), before i.v.-infection wish viable C. albicans yeast cells survived longer than diluent (buffer)-received control mice. In contrast, when GSE was given to mice after the mice were infected with the yeast cells, these mice showed a similar survival rate as compared to control mice that received no treatment with the GSE. Taken together, these data indicate that GSE has prophylactic effect but not therapeutic effect against disseminated candidiasis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• 2000.08a
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• pp.345-348
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 현재 우리나라 전자상거래 표준인 SEED 암호화 알고리즘을 하드웨어로 구현하였다. 이 암호화 프로세서는 유연성과 하드웨어 면적을 줄이기 위해 파이프라인이 없는 1 unrolled loop 구조를 사용하였다. 그리고 ECB, CBC, CFB, OFB의 4가지 모드를 모두 지원할 수 있도록 하였다. key computation은 오버헤드를 감소시키도록 precomputation 기법을 사용하였다. 또한, 데이타 입ㆍ출력 시 증가되는 처리시간을 제거하기 위하여 외부 입ㆍ출력 레지스터와 data 입ㆍ출력 레지스터를 분리하여 데이타 입ㆍ출력 연산이 암호 프로세서의 암호화 연산과 병행하여 처리되도록 하였다. 암호 프로세서는 0.25$\mu\textrm{m}$ CMOS 기술을 사용하여 검증하였고 gate수는 대략 29.3K gate 정도가 소요되었으며, 100 MHz ECB 모드에서 최고 237 Mbps의 성능을 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.781-784
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• 2000

A study was conducted to examine the influence of maize (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna unguniculata) intercropping on fodder biomass production and silage characteristics. Maize fodder was cultivated alone and intercropped with cowpea at seed ratio of 85:15 and 70:30. Fodder was harvested at heading stage (at about 35% dry matter). The data indicated significant increase in biomass and crude protein production of maize intercropped with cowpea at seed ratio 70:30 followed by seed ratio 85:15 as compared to maize alone. However, no (p>0.05) difference was observed in TDN production among the three treatments. Four types of silages from, I) maize alone, II) maize and cowpea (85:15), III) maize and cowpea (70:30) and IV) maize supplemented with 2.5% urea were prepared. After 60 days of ensiling period, silage samples were analysed for proximate composition and fermentation characteristics. Crude protein and lactic acid values of silages I, II, III and IV were 8.52, 9.82, 14.90 and 13.96% and 9.00, 9.38, 10.86 and 7.43%; respectively. In situ dry matter digestibility was maximum in silage III followed by silages II, IV and I. The results suggested that intercropping of maize and cowpea at seed ratio 70:30 increased fodder production and produced quality silage.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2013

Oreorchis coreana Finet is threatened globally by over-collection from its natural habitats for horticultural purposes. Its rarity in nature makes this plant one of the most endangered species in Korea. In this study, we investigated the effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on orchid seed viability and seed germination. An in vitro bioassay swelling test using immature seeds was compared with a standard chemical procedure using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) to test seed viability. In general, the bioassay was more appropriate for estimating embryo viability after a prolonged pre-treatment (more than 1 h) in 1% NaOCl, a surface sterilant often used to enhance germination of seeds of terrestrial plants. Therefore, an efficient method for investigating in vitro swelling of immature seeds is urgently needed. We established a method for determining the viability and swelling of O. coreana seeds via in vitro examination of immature seeds. Treatment of immature seeds with 1% NaOCl for 10 min greatly enhanced the extent of swelling of immature zygote embryos when compared to untreated seeds. These data obtained here appear to be comparable to viability and swelling that occurs in O. coreana seeds via asymbiotic germination.