• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.297-308
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• 2003

Subjective pork quality was determined on the six groups of the following treatments. Meat samples were obtained from pigs which had been fed with finishing pig diets containing 5% beef tallow(C), 3% beef tallow and 2% perillar seed oil(T1), 250ppm vitamin E($\alpha$-tocopheryl acetate) in T1(T2), 3% beef tallow and 2% squid viscera oil(T3), 250ppm vitamin E in T3(T4), 3% beef tallow and 2% CLA(Conjugated linoleic acid, T5). In the fatty acid composition, SFA(Saturated fatty acid) and EFA(Essential fatty acid) were higher in T5 than in the rest of three treatments such as C, T1, T3 groups, while UFA(Unsaturated fatty acid), MUFA(Monounsaturated fatty acid), UFA/SFA, MUFA/SFA were low. The total content of amino acid in the T3 were higher those for the rest of rest of C, T1, T5 the content for vitamin added treatment(T2, T4) groups higher than non treated one. T3 and T5 showed higher TBARS(Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) values than the C and T1 groups VBN(Volatile basic nitrogen) values were higher in the order of T5>T3>T1>C. There was no difference in total plate counts, number of lactic acid bacteria and number of E. coli. In sensory property, the C and T1 showed a higher acceptance than the T3 and T5. In cooked meats, the T3 showed a lower hardness than that of control(C), T1 and, with a higher acceptance. In TBARS, VBN, total counts, lactic counts, and E. coli counts, sensory test of cooked meat and raw meat, there was no significant difference between vitamin supplement groups within each oil treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.99-110
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• 2018

In this study, oil of Platycodon grandiflorum seeds was prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCE) and its physicochemical indices as a new edible oil were investigated. Compared to Soxhlet solvent extraction, SCE under the condition of 6,000 psi at $40^{\circ}C$ produced more oil, especially from the roasted seeds to 32.7%. TLC analysis showed triacylglycerols accounted for most of the oil obtained from roasted Platycodon grandiflorum seeds by SCE similarly to commercial soybean oil or perilla seeds oil. The oil had highly unsaturated lipid with considerable amount of linoleic acid(73.27%) much more than two commercial oils followed by oleic acid(13.16%). Physicochemical properties of the oil were as follows; specific gravity, 0.92; dynamic viscosity, 45.37 cP; refractive index, 1.48; color, L=47.30, a=-3.69, b=25.72; iodine value, 141.57 g $I_2/100g$ oil; saponification value, 191.21 mg of KOH/g of oil; acid value, 2.60 mg of KOH/g of oil. Among those, refractive index, viscosity and iodine value, which were related to unsaturation degree of lipid, were ranged between those of two commercial oils. The oxidation stability of oil(2.03 hr) was also ranged between less stable perilla seeds oil(1.79 hr) and more stable soybean oil(2.94 hr) based on the induction time measured by Rancimat assay. In addition to extraction yield increase, seeds roasting provided further benefits such as reductions of cholesterol ester content and acid value without change in fatty acid composition. In conclusion, oil was extracted from the roasted Platycodon grandiflorum seeds at high yield by supercritical carbon dioxide and it seemed to have proper characteristics as a edible oil.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2000

Cultured juvenile black rockfish, Sebastes schiegeli as a seed for sen ranching project were compared with the similar size of wild fish. Wild fish were analyzed and compared with cultured fish in body indices, and moisture, crude protein, lipid, ash, many kinds of amino acids and various minerals in the whole-body of juvenile rockfish from three different populations. There were significant (P<0.05) differences in the moisture, crude lipid, and ash in the whole-body of fish among three different populations; the moisture content of wild fish was higher than that of both cultured fish. The lipid content in wild and tank cultured fish was lowest and highest, respectively; The lipid content of fish cultured in embanked system was intermediate values. The condition factor (CE), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and intraperitoneal fat (IPE) of fish cultured in tank system and embanked system were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of wild fish. But fish cultured in tank system produced similar intestinosomatic index (ISI) and muscle ratio (MR) values as the wild fish. There were significant differences in asparatic acid, glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, valine of whole-body fish cultured by different methods; the wild fish was highest in these amino acids, followed by fish cultured in embanked system and then fish cultured in tank system. There were also significant differences in Ca, P, Mg, Mn, Zn of whole-body fish cultured by different methods: wild fish and fish cultured in tank system produced highest in Ca, P, Mg, Zn and lowest in Mn, respectively. There were significant differences in moisture, crude lipid, ash, many kinds of amino acids, several minerals, CE, HSI, UE, and ISI among the three juvenile populations; whole-body of wild fish showed higher in moisture, ash, asparatic acid, glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine, Iysine, phenylalanine, threonine, valine, Ca, P, Mg, and Zn than fish cultured in embanked system, while they showed lower in the rest of the nutritious parameters studied.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2018

The cultivation area of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) has been increased for oil production and landscaping purpose in Korea. However, as the color of rapeseed flower is very simple, diversified flower color is necessary to improve landscape effect. Interspecific and intergeneric crosses between rapeseed (Brassica napus) and three Cruciferae crops were performed in order to grow diverse flower color of rapeseed. The silique formation rate of interspecific cross rapeseed with cabbage (B. oleracea L) was relatively high (65.8%) and higher than intergeneric cross with rapeseed and radish (Raphanus sativus L.), rapeseed and Orychophragmus, respectively. During silique developing period after artificial pollination, there were many siliques without seeds due to the failure of fertilization. The average number of seed per silique obtained from cross rapeseed and cabbage, rapeseed and radish, rapeseed and O. violaceus were 0.12, 0.4 and 0.12, respectively. The phenotypes of $F_1$ hybrid plants from cross rapeseed and Cruciferae crops were mostly similar to maternal line, but leaf length and leaf width were increased. The interspecific cross of rapeseed and cabbage generated ivory color of flower which is the medium color of parents, and intergeneric cross of rapeseed and O. violaceus created entities with larger flowers which seems to enhance landscape effect. The fatty acid composition of most hybrid seeds intermediated of the two parents for oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, content. Whereas hybrid of rapeseed and radish produced less erucic acid than radish parent.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.684-696
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• 1995

A mutant for chalky endosperm and genetic male sterility (GMS) was newly developed in rice. The two characters were found to be controlled by single recessive gene which has pleiotropic effect, indicating that chalky seeds should be GMS seeds in segregating populations. Chalky seeds showed the same shape and size as normal seeds. However, starch composition of central part of endosperm was looser and shape of starch granules was rounder compared with normal endosperm, resulting in significantly lower grain weight, absolute density and grain hardness in chalky grains than in normal ones. Amylose content and gel consistency of chalky grains were much lower and harder, respectively. Male sterile plants showed much shorter plant height, poorer panicle exsertion and lesser panicle number compared with normal plants. Microspore abortion stage in pollen developmental process was observed as before meiosis. Male sterility of the mutant was stable regadless of temperature and day length. A system breeding hybrid rice using this mutant was discussed, comp ring with other systems utilizing cytoplasmic-genic male sterility(CGMS) and environment sensitive GMS(EGMS). Separation of GMS seeds in mixed seed bulks by specific gravity (1.14∼1.16g / cm3) was successful about 85∼90%. But some mixed normal plants were seemed to be easily removed by the apparent difference in growth characters at seedling stage. The highest natural outcrossing rate of this GMS line was as 17.3 % in a plot treated with 2-row pollinator, I-row GMS, and GA3 + cutting of flag leaf + pollen-scattering by rope.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.851-858
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• 2016

The effective components of Schisandra chinensis are lignans (schizandrins and gomisins), which have various physiological functionalities such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. This study was carried out to determine the different parts of fruits in Schisandra chinensis to elevate their usefulness. Schisandra chinensis was separated into skin (epicarp), pulp (mesocarp), and seeds, and raw Omija and hot-dried Omija (HDO) were used as control. The most abundant component was nitrogen free extract (6.88~56.70%) followed by crude lipids (1.65~19.04%). The main mineral was K (383.10~2,024.10 mg/100 g), except in seeds where P was the main mineral. The main lignan in all parts of fruit was schizandrin, and the highest content of schizandrin was 9.46 mg/g in dried seeds. Total lignan content was 25.97 mg/g and 14.97 mg/g in dried seeds and HDO, respectively. A total of 17 components of fatty acids in seeds and HDO were detected, of which linoleic acid (72.66~73.78%), oleic acid (14.78~17.39%), palmitic acid (2.88~3.54%), and capric acid (1.70~4.93%) were determined as the major components. Main lignans and fatty acids of Schisandra chinensis fruit contain mainly seeds. Therefore, it is more efficient to use seeds than pulp and extract of fruit itself to use the components of Omija.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.334-341
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• 2000

To develop a nutrient solution for a closed hydroponic system in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) 'Atlantic' and 'Superior' potatoes were grown with the nutrient solutions whose strengths were 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 of the concentration of the nutrient solution developed by the National Horticultural Experiment Station in Japan. The best results in potato growth and yield were obtained with 0.5 and 1.0 strength nutrient solutions, and nutrient compositions for potato were determined based on the 1.0 strength nutrient solution; $14.4me{\cdot}L^{-1}\;N,\;4.2me{\cdot}L^{-1}\;P,\;7.5me{\cdot}L^{-1}\;K,\;5.5me{\cdot}L^{-1}\;Ca$, and $3.5me{\cdot}L^{-1}\;Mg$ for stolon growth stage and $14.8me{\cdot}L^{-1}\;N,\;4.0me{\cdot}L^{-1}\;P,\;8.5me{\cdot}L^{-1}\;K,\;6.5me{\cdot}L^{-1}\;Ca$, and $3.0me{\cdot}L^{-1}\;Mg$ for tuber growth stage. To examine the suitability of the nutrient solutions developed for potato, the strengths of 1.0 (PS 1.0S), 0.75 (PS 0.75S), or 0.5 (PS 0.5S) were compared with half-strength of Japanese Horticultural Experiment Station' solution (JH 0.5S). Changes in pH, EC, and mineral concentrations in nutrient solutions depended more on solution strength and growth stage than on the type of nutrient solution. However, most elements in solution remained constant with plant age in PS 0.75S solution during stolon growth stage, and in PS 0.5S solution during tuber growth stage. The greatest growth and tuber yield was obtained in the standard strength solution (PS 1.0S), and potato solution developed in this experiment was recommended for hydroponic culture of potato in a closed system.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.203-213
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• 2017

This study investigated the changes in yields, antioxidant compounds, and antioxidant activities among 11 adzuki bean cultivars cultivated in a paddy field with somewhat poorly drained soil. The adzuki bean cultivars were cultivated in the paddy field from 2015 to 2016 in Milyang, Gyeongsangnam, Korea. Average soil moisture content was 16.5% in 2015 and 31.0% in 2016 at the experimental site during adzuki bean cultivation. As the soil moisture content increased, most of the adzuki bean cultivars showed deceases in stem height, first setting pod node, number of pods, 100 seed weight, and yield. Chungju-pat produced the greatest yields among the 11 cultivars in 2015 and 2016, whereas Hongeon had the smallest yields. Adzuki bean yields after paddy field cultivation was lower for all cultivars than for adzuki bean yields from the same cultivars after upland field cultivation. Chungju-pat and Chilbo-pat showed the smallest decreases in yields after paddy field cultivation, whereas Hongeon and Kumsil showed the greatest yield reductions. There were no significant differences in proximate composition. Some mineral components ($P_2O_5$, Ca, and Mg) were statistically different across cultivars. Chungju-pat had the highest Ca and Mg contents, but antioxidant components (polyphenol and flavonoids) and antioxidant activities (ABTS and DPPH) were highest in Saegil and lowest in Jungbu-pat. PCA and clustering analyses, based on the growth, yield, and antioxidant component measurements, performed to identify which variables contributed the most to separating adzuki bean cultivars or to grouping cultivars with similar characteristics. These analyses showed that the antioxidant components and antioxidant activities had the most influence on grouping cultivars together. Among the 11 cultivars, Saegil was statistically different from the other cultivars, but the other 10 cultivars were not significantly different under paddy field cultivation. Soil moisture content affected adzuki bean yield and antioxidant component contents. An increase in soil moisture led to a decrease in yield, but an increase in antioxidant components. These results provide information that will improve the selection of an appropriate adzuki bean cultivar for use in paddy fields.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.112-129
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to provide basic data in managing the project that was carried out on Bulgwangcheon in a nature-friendly way to improve the conditions around the areas, which was brought to completion in 2002, based on changes in ecological characteristics. For this propose, this study examined documents related to the project, compared physical and enviromnental changes before and after the project was conducted and analyzed changes in the stream ecosystem. The result showed that in areas that effluent water was often observed, especially when it rained, the river wall was washed away and vegetation was found damaged. As for actual vegetation, this study compared planting coverage of each section of the research area and actual vegetation charts. The results indicated that Lespedeza spp., Aster koraiensis among mixed seeds that were planted in the reservoir path were almost swept away while Festuca arundinacea dominated the areas. Phragmites communis, Miscanthus sacchariflorns and Salix gracilistyla which had been planted in a small number were also almost washed out though a small number of them were left to form a colony. After examining the topography and structure of the plant community, this study found that areas where mixed seed were planted had changed into two types of vegetation: First type of area is dominated by P and R which are usually raised in apron with abundant floating particles. The second type of area is dominated by dry gramineous plant such as F and A. Areas around low flow channel where Phragmites communis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Salix gracilistyla planting construction method is applied was washed away with the width of low flow channel reduced. Though P, M and S formed a small community in some areas around the low flow area, they were in small number and in composition of simple plant species. Two ways were suggested in this study to manage the stream in an ecological way. First, adequate revetment construction methods should be applied by monitoring the flow of the stream as well as considering the flood control of urban streams. Second, target vegetation communities that are suitable for the environment of the stream should be chosen and be plantedconstantly with high density. At the same time, ornamental native plants shouldn't be planted as they have been and disturbing vegetation should be removed.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.430-441
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• 2011

Maize is divided into two types based on the starch composition of the endosperm in the seed, normal maize(or non-waxy maize) and waxy maize. In this study, genetic diversity and population structure were investigated among 80 waxy maize and normal inbred lines(40 waxy maize inbred lines and 40 normal maize inbred lines) using 50 SSR markers. A total of 242 alleles were identified at all the loci with an average of 4.84 and a range between 2 and 9 alleles per locus. The gene diversity values varied from 0.420 to 0.854 with an average of 0.654. The PIC values varied from 0.332 to 0.838 with an average of 0.602. To evaluate the population structure, STRUCTURE 2.2 program was employed to confirm genetic structure. The 80 waxy and normal maize inbred lines were separated with based on the membership probability threshold 0.8, and divided into groups I, II and admixed group. The 13 waxy maize inbred lines were assigned to group I. The 45 maize inbred lines including 7 waxy maize inbred lines and 38 normal maize inbred lines were assigned to group II. The 22 maize inbred lines with 20 waxy maize inbred lines and 2 normal maize inbred lines were contained in the admixed group. The cluster tree generated using the described SSR markers recognized three major groups at 31.7% genetic similarity. Group I included 40 waxy maize inbred lines and 11 normal maize inbred lines, and Group II included 27 normal maize inbred lines. Group III consist of only 2 normal maize inbred lines. The present study has demonstrated the utility of SSR analysis for the study of genetic diversity and the population structure among waxy and normal maize inbred lines. The information obtained from the present studies would be very useful for designing efficient maize breeding programs in Maize Experiment Station, Kangwon Agricultural Research and Extension Services.