• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.92-97
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• 1994

The reports on the chemical composition of developing job's tears seeds is very insufficient by this time. The purpose of this study was to obtain the fundamental information on chemical component of the developing job's tears seed, including starch, sugar, oil, protein, fatty acid, Alkali Digestibility Value(ADV), 100-grain weight. Two job's tears varieties in different by maturity types were analyzed for those components from 10 days after heading to maturity, with 5-day intervals. Total sugar content in seeds followed a pattern of linear increase after heading, but it started to decreased around 15 days after heading. On the other hand, starch content continued to increased until maturity and the highest increasing occurred between 15 and 20 days after heading. The protein content of seeds was decreased, while oil content was increased through the ripening process. Starch content showed a positive correlation with 100-grain weight, ADV, oil and germination percent, but it had negative correlation between total sugar and protein contents in ripening process. Maximum starch content, 100 grain weight, and germination percent obtained by quadratic equation were attained 38 to 43 days after heading. So that the physiological maturity of job's tears seeds was considered to be 40 days after heading.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.188-194
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• 2012

This study was carried out to evaluate the quality properties, fatty acid composition and amino acid composition of major Korean inbred lines and hybrids of maize for corn breeding. Protein content of $F_2$ seeds was 9.0%, which was slightly lower than those of inbred lines, 11.4%, and $F_1$ seeds, 10.9%. in hybrid maizes. Lipid content of $F_2$ seeds of hybrid maizes was 4.2%, slightly higher than those of inbred lines, 3.3%, and $F_1$ seeds, 3.6%. However, there was no significant difference in ash content. The amount of linoleic acid in inbred lines, $F_1$ and $F_2$ seeds of hybrid maizes was highest among all fatty acids and followed by oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and linolenic acid. The composition of saturated fatty acid of $F_2$ seeds was 17.6%, similar to $F_1$ seeds but it was lower than that of inbred lines. The composition of unsaturated fatty acid of $F_2$ seeds was 82.4%, similar to $F_1$ seeds but was higher than inbred lines. The content of leucine of $F_2$ seeds was lower than inbred lines and $F_1$ seeds. The content of valine, serine, threonine, cysteine, aspartic acid, lysine, arginine, histidine of $F_2$ seeds was higher than inbred lines and $F_1$ seeds. MMA (monoamino monocarboxylic acid) in inbred lines, $F_1$ and $F_2$ seeds of hybrid maizes was highest among all amino acids and followed by DMA (diamino monocarboxylic acid) and AAA (aromatic amino acid).

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.245-251
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• 1985

In order to analyze the lipid composition ana chemical characteristics of rapeseed oil in relation to content of erucic acid, three recommendable cultivars(MOK-PO 70, MOK-PO DANGYO 12 and 14) seeds were used. The composition of lipid was confirmed by column chromatography and TLC, and the composition of fatty acid in total and neutral lipid was determined by GLC, and the results were as follows. 1. The crude fat was 44.0% to 45.3% in all cultivars. 2. The iodine value, saponification value, acid value and nonsaponifiable content were 100 to 101, 176 to 184, 0.7 to 0.9 and 1.0 to 1.2, respectively, with no remarkable difference among three cultivars. 3. The content of neutral lipid was 95.3% to 96.3% of total lipid, and others were compound lipids. 4. The content to triglyceride was 92. 1% to 92.5% of total lipid. Diglyceride and sterol ester were contained 1.1% and 1.2%, respectively. There was a small quantity of free fatty acid and free sterol and monoglyceride was little. 5. The erucic acid was the highest (26.4%), in MOK-PO DANGYO 12 among the composition of fatty acid, while those of MOK-PO 70 and MOK-PO DANGYO 14 were so small as 1.0% and 3.9%. The content of erucic acid was decreased with the increase of oleic acid, the content of oleic acid in MOK-PO DANGYO 12 was 30%, 63% in MOK-PO 70 and, 60% in MOK-PO DANGYO 14. The content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid showed no remarkable difference but that of eicosenoic acid was 11.7% in MOK-PO DANGYO 12 as the highest. The ratio of the fatty acid content in eluted neutral lipid and the total oil showed no remarkable differences.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.413-423
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• 1990

Corn proteins have been known as nutritionally poor, being deficient in the essential amino acids. lysine and tryptophan. Improving the quality of protein in the corn grain would be a great benefit to the farmer. This study was conducted to evaluate the variation of the protein content and the protein constitution of the maize germplasms in the Crop Experiment Station in 1989. The average protein content of 101 germplasms was 11.5% with range from 8.0% to 17.3%. Elite hybrid field corns and table corns possessed 9.1-13.9% protein for the dried whole kernel. Major amino acids were glutamic acid and leucine. Lysine and methionine were limited. Varietal differences were observed in the amino acid composition. Qpm, a modified opaque-2 mutant had 1.4-1.7 times higher lysine content than Suwon 19, a dent corn and Suwon SS-21, a sweet corn. Suwon SS-21 had high threonine content. Maize seed protein gave three fractions. an alchol-soluble fraction (zein), an alkali-soluble fraction (glutelin), and a salt-soluble fraction (globulin) by the Osborne method. The zein fraction accounted respectively for 50.7% and 41.7% of the total protein is Suwon 19 and Suwon SS-21. The nonzein fractions increased in percentage of total protein in Qpm kernels. The amino acid composition of zein fraction from three types maize endoperms of dent, sweet and opaque-2 was essentially identical. Zein contained the high contents of glutamic acid and leucine but low content of lysine. The glutelin fractions of three types maize endosperms were mainly similar in overall amino acid composition. The lysine content of glutelin was higher than that of zein. The amino acid composition of globulin fraction was some different from those of zein and glutelin In Qpm it had higher levels of histidine and lysine than both of zein and glutelin. The increased lysine content in Qpm was resulted from changing the proportions of proteins which contained different levels of lysine.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.229-235
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• 2004

Chemical composition, total dietary fiber(TDF), oligosaccharide, isoflavone and phytic acid contents of seven domestic and three imported soybean cultivars were determined. TDF contents were ranged from 16.83 to 21.71％(w/w) without remarkable differences among soybean cultivars. Phytic acid contents of domestic cultivars such as Geomjongkong 1 (3.02％) and Dawonkong (2.92％) were higher than imported ones such as Canadian (2.07％) and American (2.22％) soybeans for soybean sprout and US No. 1 (2.16％). The phytic acid contents of cotyledon parts were 1.5 to 2 times higher than those of hypocotyl parts. Isoflavone contents in whole seed were wide ranged from 371 to 2,398 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g among cultivars and it were existed mainly as glucoside isomers. Profiles of isoflavone aglycones were composed of 52％ genistein, 36％ daidzein and 11％ glycitein. Hwanggumkong, Dawonkong, Geomjongkong 1 and American soybean for sprout contained lower isoflavone than others. Hypocotyl parts of soybeans contained from 6120.1 to 16921.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g isoflavone with ratio of 48％ glycitein, 35％ daidzein and 10％ genistein. Isoflavone contents of cotyledon parts were ranged 375-2393 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g, composition of which had no glycitein, 55％ genistein and 38％ daidzein. Oligosaccharide contents were similar among cultivars. Stachyose of 3.0-3.9％, raffinose of 0.8-1.2％, sucrose of 4.5-7.8％ and fructose of 0.3-0.8％ were determined.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.472-476
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• 2004

Lateral roots formed on mungbean sprouts should lower their quality. The study was carried out to clarify the effects of aeration periods (AP; 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours) and temperature (AT; 20, 30, and $40^{\circ}C$) after 5 hour seed imbibition into 50 ppm benzyladenopurine (BA) solution on growth and morphological characters of mungbean (cv. Keumseongnogdu, Owoolnogdu and Zhong Lu 1) sprouts. On the 6th day, the mungbean sprouts were sorted by 4 categories on the base of hypocotyl lengths; > 7cm, 4 to 7cm, < 4cm, and non-germination to calculate their composition rates, number of lateral roots, lengths of hypocotyl and root, diameters at middle and upper parts of hypocotyl, fraction fresh and dry weights were measured. AP more affected growth of the cultivars than AT showing little effect on them. In the composition rate of the above 4 categories, cv. Zhong Lu 1 had the highest rate in longer than 7cm but nearly the same rate in AP treatments. Rates of longer than 4cm hypocotyls in cv. Keumseongnogdu, Owoolnogdu were increased with longer AP but their rates of shorter than 4cm showed reverse response to the former. Formation rate and number of lateral roots per sprout were decreased with longer AP, showing more severe decrement when delayed 3 to 4 hour AP. Upper part of hypocotyls and roots were more thickened and shortened in longer AP, respectively. Total fresh weights had no significant difference between AP treatments while hypocotyl fresh weights were increased with longer AP. It was concluded that in mungbean sprout culture aeration from BA treatment to the first watering permitted at least 4 hours.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.566-575
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• 2004

To compare the dietary intakes and body composition in the stage of puberty, this study was conducted with 360 girls aged 9 to 12 years in Seoul Korea. Girls's general information and 3-day diet records were collected, fat mass was measured by Inbody 3.0, bone mass at right calcaneus was measured by PIXI and pubertal development was self-assessed by picture of Tanner stages. The results are as follows: Girls who had breast development were 79.7% and 15.8% had pubic hair development. Mean of BMI, BMC and BMD were significantly higher at breast stage3+(19.6 kg/$m^2$, 1.62 kg, 0.47 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$) than at the breast stage2 (18.2 kg/$m^2$, 1.47 kg, 0.44 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$) or breast stage1(16.3 kg/$m^2$, 1.32 kg, 0.39 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$) (p < 0.001). Percent body fat of breast stage1, 2, and 3+ were 19.7%, 23.1%, 25.3% respectively and significantly increased during the puberty (p < 0.001). The mean of energy intake was 1629 kcal in stage1, 1664 kcal in stage2 and 1577 kcal in stage3+ showed significant difference in the breast stages (p < 0.05). Energy adjusted sodium intakes and crude fiber intakes were significantly higher in breast stage3 + than other breast stages. For zinc and iron, proportions of subjects with intake levels less than 75% of Korean RDA was over 40% and significantly higher in breast stage3+ than other stages (p < 0.05) ; for protein and vitamin E, the proportions of subjects with intake levels more than 125% RDA was significantly higher in the stage 1. The nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) for protein and phosphorous was significantly lower in breast stage3+ than other stages. The food groups of seed and nut were 4.7 g/day, 2.3 g/day, 1.8 g/day, respectively, and was significantly higher in breast stage 1. In summary, mean of BMI, BMD, BMC and percent of body fat were increased with pubertal development, and those who had higher breast developmental stage showed a lower amount of consumption level in energy, seeds and nuts, and also showed a higher amount of consumption level in energy adjusted sodium and fiber among Korean girls.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1994

Eight varieties of soybeans grown in Korea were investigated to compare chemical composition, protein dispersibility index (PDI) and some properties of soybean sprouts and tofu. The range of protein contents was $37.80{\sim}40.43%$ where the Kyungdong 3 was the highest and Suwon 157 was the lowest, while the Bokwang was the lowest in lipid contents. The range of PDI was $71.6{\sim}95.3%$ where the Kyungdong 3 was the highest and Suwon 162 was the lowest. The Kyungdong 3, Suwon 160 and Suwon 162 were significantly fast in growth rate of soybean sprout roots and the 100% of germination. The Kyungdong 3 was the highest in tofu yield and Suwon 146 was the highest in hardness. The organoleptic properties of tofu showed that $L{\times}2.3$ and Suwon 162 was relatively high in cooked beany odor, while the Suwon 146 were the highest in elasticity and hardness. Even though Kyungdong 3 was found as the best for tofu and soybean sprouts processing, the black color of seed coat affected negatively on tofu color.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1080-1087
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• 2004

A trial with twenty-four newly weaned Awassi lambs (initial body weight=21.5$\pm$0.8 kg) was conducted using a 3$\times$2 factorial design to study the effect of feeding three sources of protein supplements (soybean meal (SBM), sunflower seed meal (SSM), and cottonseed meal (CSM)), either untreated or formaldehyde-treated on the growth performance and carcass traits of Awassi lambs. Lambs were randomly assigned to one of the six diets (4 lambs/treatment diet) and were individually fed for a period of 107 days. Experimental diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Final live weight and average daily gain (ADG) were affected by both source of protein and formaldehyde treatment (undegradable protein). Lambs fed untreated diets had better (p<0.01) daily gain compared to those fed formaldehyde-treated diets. Similarly total feed intake per animal was significantly (p<0.05) affected by protein source and formaldehyde treatment. Formaldehyde treatment caused a significant decrease (p<0.01) in feed intake compared to lambs fed untreated diets. Feed requirement per unit of gain was not affected by formaldehyde treatment during all periods of the experiment except for the second period (the second 28 day period), whereby untreated SBM, SSM and CSM had better feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the treated groups. Source of protein had a moderate effect (p<0.10) on FCR but had a significant effect (p<0.05) on hot and cold carcass weight, digestive tract empty weight and liver weight, with lambs fed SBM having higher values than lambs fed SSM and CSM diets. Supplementation with undegradable protein had a significant effect (p<0.05) on dressing-out percentage (p<0.05), final live weight, and hot and cold carcass weight (p<0.01). The lower values pertain to lambs fed treated diets compared to lambs fed untreated diets. In general, there were no significant differences among all carcass linear dimensions, carcass cut weights and dissected loin tissue weights for both treatments (protein source and formaldehyde treatment). Supplementation with undegradable protein but not the source of protein resulted in significantly higher dissected leg total bone weight (p<0.05), tibia and femur weight (p<0.05), and femur length (p<0.01) at the same carcass weight. Results suggest that the treatment of SBM, SSM and CSM with formaldehyde did not improve efficiency of feed utilization, lamb performance or carcass traits and that the SBM diet resulted in an increase in lamb performance compared to other experimental diets.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.545-563
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• 2007

The investigated vascular plants of Dok-do island were confirmed that consisted of 46 species, 1 subspecies, 1 varieties in total of 48 taxa growing spontaneously. 1 taxa of Pteridophyta, 36 taxa of Dicotyledon and 11 taxa of Monocotyledon identified. In 48 identified taxa in this study, total 13 taxa included Orobanche coerulescens Stephan, Fallopia sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Rouse Decr., Lonicera insularis Nakai identified according to the Korean plant taxa for environmental assessment. Planting species were about 10 taxa included Pinus thunbergii Parl., Hibiscus syriacus L. and etc. Four species confirmed in this study such as between Chenopodium virgatum Thunb. and Chenopodium album L., Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) P.Beauv. and Echinochloa crusgalli var. oryzicola (Vasinger) Ohwi. were doubt on identification in taxonomic entity due to morphological characteristics. The dispersion type of Do-kdo plants were anemochore 31 taxa, zoodchore 8 taxa, hydrochore 2 taxa and the others by artificial means.