• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.56 no.1
• /
• pp.23-34
• /
• 2023

This study analyzed the bed load transport and channel change on the vegetation zone through laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. To examine the effect of vegetation zone in the laboratory experiment, artificial vegetation zones made of acrylic sticks were installed in the experimental channel, and discharge conditions were adjusted to examine the bed load transport and channel change in the vegetation zone. Next, numerical simulations were performed by applying the same conditions as those of the laboratory experiment to the Nays2D model, a two-dimensional numerical model, and the applicability of the numerical model was examined by comparing the results with the results of the laboratory experiment. Finally, by applying a numerical model, the bed load transport and channel change according to the change in vegetation density were examined. As a result of examining the bed load transport and channel change in the vegetation zone according to the discharge condition change by applying the laboratory experiment and the numerical model, the results of the two application methods were similar. As the discharge increased, bed load from the upper stream was deposited inside the vegetation zone. On the other hand, on the other side of the vegetation zone, the flow was concentrated and erosion occurred. Also, the range of erosion increased in the downstream direction. As a result of examining the bed load transport and channel change according to the change in vegetation density, as the vegetation density increased, the bed load from the upper stream was deposited inside the vegetation zone. On the other hand, due to the increase in vegetation density, the flow was concentrated to the opposite side of the vegetation zone, erosion occurred.

• 한국해양학회지
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.332-339
• /
• 1991

The sedimentation pattern in Namhaepo Bay, a macrotidal coastal embayment of western Korea, was investigated by means of analysing high-resolution seismic profiles, sediment samples, and tidal currents. Recent sediments up to 20 m which overlie the irregular surface of the acoustic basement. The sediments consist mainly of sandy silt and silt; the mean grain size of these sediments ranges from 4 to 5.5 phi, showing a shoreward-fining distribution pattern. This distribution pattern agrees are largely reversed during ebb, with a maximum velocity of 39 cm/sec. The calculated shear velocity of the tidal currents at sea bed ranges from 0.5 to 3.3 cm/sec during flood and from 0.7 to 2.5 cm/sec during ebb. The mean values of these velocities exceed the critical shear velocity for the silt particles. The data suggest that the tidal currents play an important role in the transportation and deposition of sediments in the bay and the surface topography of the sea floor is largely deter-mined by tidal sedimentation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.62 no.2
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2020

The Daehang-ri intertidal flat located the just outside of the Saemangeum dike has been reported to show new-developing flats. Based on the topographic surveys of 21 times from 2000 to 2016 by a leveling method every year, this site clearly shows variation of deposition/erosion in time and space. Deposition has consistently occurred at the rate of +3.75 cm per year at the area along the dike (Zone 1), and this tidal flat is expanding and prograding seaward. In the area of far from the dike (Zone 2), on the other hand, erosion prevails at the rate of -2.38 cm per year, and this zone tends to retreat landward. However, the erosional trend of Zone 2 has slightly slowed down since 2014. As a whole from 2000 to 2016, net deposition is recorded over 3.0 m at the upper beach and the area adjacent to the dike (Zone 1), while erosion up to 1.0 m in Zone 2. In conclusion, the results at the Daehang-ri intertidal flat clearly revealed that its topographic changes were induced by the artificial structures and water masses through its sluice gate. Counter-clockwise gyre newly created after the sea dikes construction probably results in relocating of sediment outside the dike 1 by transportation of materials eroded from the south to the north along the coast.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.963-966
• /
• 2008

본 연구에서는 최근까지 유사관측을 수행하고 있는 금강본류 하도구간의 금남$\sim$공주 지점을 대상으로 하였다. 분석을 위하여 이 지점의 총유사량 산정에 영향을 미치는 부유사량 관측 및 수위, 유량과 같은 하천 흐름 등에 관한 과거의 자료를 수집 정리 하였다. 본 연구에서 적용하고자 하는 교량의 교각에 대한 기하학적 형상은 원형, 정사각형, 정팔각형, 장방형으로 하였으며 분석 모형은 SED2D-WES 모형을 이용하여 유역에 대한 교각의 형상이 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구 하였다. 그 결과 지름이 6m, 경간장 57m인 원형교각의 경우 교각에서 약 14.3m 떨어진 곳에서 최고 유속 0.75m/s가 발생되었으며, $6{\sim}6m$의 정사각형교각의 경우 교각으로부터 약 15.8m떨어진 곳에서 0.68m/s의 최대 유속이 발생하고 $6{\sim}6m$ 정팔각형교각의 경우 교각으로부터 약 16.2m떨어진 곳에서 0.65m/s의 최대유속이 발생하고, 마지막으로 $3{\sim}6m$ 장방형교각의 경우 교각으로부터 약 21m 떨어진 구간에서 0.63m/s의 최고 유속이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 대상유역의 길이가 길고, 유속이 낮으므로 유출지점까지 흘러내려가는 유사량보다 하천내에 유입된 유사가 그대로 퇴적되는 경우가 많아 24시간 분석결과 하상변동량은 퇴적량과 침식량을 합하여 약 0.22%정도 변동되는 것으로 나타났으며, 교각형상에 따른 하상변동특성으로 원형교각의 경우 세굴이 일어나는 지점은 교각에서 약 16.88m떨어진 지점까지 하상변동이 일어났으며, 정사각형 교각의 경우 교각에서 약 10.96m떨어진 지점까지, 정팔각형 교각의 경우 교각에서 약 6.32m떨어진 지점까지, 장방형 교각의 경우 교각에서 약 18.23m떨어진 지점까지 하상변동이 나타남을 알 수 있었다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.218-226
• /
• 2020

This study investigated that the numerical experiment for analysis on free overtopping flow by a weir of levee type, as the first stage of the development of a numerical technique for prediction methodology based on a numerical model. Using 2-dimensional flow models, Nays2DH, we conducted numerical simulations based on existing experimental data to compare and verify the models. We firstly discussed the numerical reproducibility for the discontinued flow by weir shape, and calibrated the computational flow through preprocessing of channel bed. Further, we carried out and compared the simulations for prediction on the overtopping flow by the number of weir gates. As a result of simulations, we found that the maximum flow velocity of downstream of weir increases when the number of weir gates increases under the same cross sectional area of flow. Through such results, this study could present basic data for hydraulic research to consider the water flow and sediment transport depending on weir operation in the future work.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.101-108
• /
• 1992

A careful re-examination has been conducted on the applicability of the concept of equilibrium riverbed slope to river engineering practice and on the validity of Aki's and Mononobe's formulas that are widely used in Korea for determination of equilibrium riverbed slope. A stream in equilibrium is one in which, over a period of years, slope is naturally adjusted to provide, with available water discharge and with prevailing channel characteristics, just the velocity required for transportation of the sediment load supplied from the upstream. The equilibrium riverbed slope is the bed slope of such river. The present river engineering practice to analyze the riverbed characteristics by applying so called 'the equilibrium riverbed slope formula' to such rivers, therefore, should be avoided. Also, the validities of Aki's and Mononobe's formulas, that are presently used for determination of stable channel slope, are very dubious and should not be used in river engineering practice.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.86-86
• /
• 2011

1922년 R. L. Parshall이 고안한 파샬플륨은 현재 사용되고 있는 개수로 유량계로서는 가장 많은 실험자료를 보유하고 있다. 위어에 비해 설치가 어렵고 경제성이 떨어지는 단점도 있지만 설치 후에는 상대적으로 다른 시설보다 토사이동이 원활하다는 장점이 있어 하수 및 폐수 등의 유량측정에 많이 적용되고 있다. 용담저수지의 주요 지천인 금강본류와 구량천 2곳에는 국가가 관리하는 수위관측소가 있다. 설치지점의 지명을 따 동향수위관측소와 천천수위관측소로 운용되고 있으며, 동향수위관측소 약 170 m 하류와 천천수위관측소 약 2.5 km 상류 2곳에 갈수기 유량조사를 위한 파샬플륨이 설치되었다. 동향파샬프륨과 천천파샬플륨은 갈수기 유량을 고려하여 Iso 9826의 파샬플륨 번호 10(Parshall flume No. 10)과 유사한 규격(설치당시 목부(Throat)폭 5ft))으로 설계되었으며, 플륨으로 흐름을 유도하는 유입부(Entrance section) 좌 우 횡단방향에 보를 연결하여 상대적으로 하폭이 넓은 자연하천에 적용하였다. 수년간의 현장운용 결과, 파샬플륨의 가장 큰 장점이었던 원활한 토사이동이 보로 인해 차단되고, 누적된 토사가 흐름을 왜곡시킴으로서 플륨내 수위로부터 환산한 유량값에 비교적 큰 오차를 발생시 킬 수 있음을 알게 되었다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제의 원인이 상류에 누적된 토사에 있음을 규명하고 대처방안을 제시하기위해 동향파샬플륨을 대상으로 수행되었다. 플륨을 통한 유량자료의 신뢰도는 (1) 플륨내 정밀유량측정, (2) 50 m 하류에서의 도섭법에 의한 유량측정 그리고 (3) 130 m 하류에서의 도섭법에 의한 유량측정을 통하여 비교 및 검증하였다. 조사결과 플륨내 수위는 상류에 퇴적된 토사로 인해 일정하지 않으며 이로 인해 유량에 오차가 발생하고 있음이 확인되었다. 또한 본 연구에서는 자연하천에서의 파샬플륨 적용을 위해 토사이동을 고려한 설비의 구조개량을 병행하였다. 새로운 형태의 파샬플륨은 '에코플륨'이라 명명하였으며 원활한 토사이동과 인공구조물에 의한 자연경관 훼손을 방지할 수 있는 두 가지의 효과가 기대된다. 현재 실물모형의 제작이 완료되어 실내실험을 수행하고 있으며, 머지않은 장래에 현장설치가 가능하다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.46 no.9
• /
• pp.909-919
• /
• 2013

This study examines the hydraulic characteristics, the channel changes, the behavior of bars, and bank stability by means of laboratory experiments. Three sets of laboratory experiments are conducted to elucidate the influence of riparian vegetation of the channels with erodible banks. Flow velocity is decreased in the vegetated zone, the mobility of lower channels is decreased. The double Fourier analysis of the bed waves shows that 1-1 mode (alternate bar) is dominant at the initial stage of the channel development. As time increases, 2-2 and 2-3 modes (central or multiple bars) are dominant due to the increased width to depth ratio. As the vegetation density is increased, the number of bars are increased, bank stability increases. The variation of sediment discharges is affected by vegetation density. The braided intensity is decreased with vegetation density. As the vegetation density is increased, the correlation coefficient of bed topography and bed relief index is increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.48-56
• /
• 2002

It was peformed to estimate the sensitivity analyses and mass balance for tributyltin in Masan Bay, using the model builded by stella program. The results of the sensitivity analysis for dissolved tributyltin and tributyltin in the particulate organic carbon showed that not only organic carbon partition coefficient but also settling rate is important. In the case of tributyltin in phytoplankton, bioconcentration factor of phytoplankton is most important. The results of the mass balance showed that standing stocks of tributyltin in water, in phytoplankton and in particulate organic carbon are 3.29×10⁴g, 1.16×10²g and 3.17×10³g, respectively. In the case of flux, partition to particulate organic carbon showed most high value, 1.64×10³g/4ay, and next were deposition to sediment, 1.64×10³g/day and transportation to open sea by tide, 1.64×10³g/day.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.141-153
• /
• 2022

In this study, a numerical model of debris flow considering driftwood and entrainment erosion is developed. Subsequently, numerical simulations based on the observation data of the 2011 Mt. Umyeon are performed. To develop the debris flow model, the Nays2DFlood model, which is a flooding model based on the shallow water equation, is coupled with the transport diffusion of mixed sediment concentration, debris flow bottom shear stress, and entrainment erosion modules. The simulation closely reproduced the depth, flow velocity, and debris flow volume of Mt. Umyeon. In addition, the reproducibility of the simulation result with driftwood is more accurate than that without driftwood. The results of this study can facilitate in establishing measures to reduce debris disasters, thus alleviating the current increase in debris damage due to climate change.