• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.8-13
• /
• 1997

The Holocene mud deposits in the southeastern innershelf of the Korean Peninsula were studied using the shallow seismic reflection profiles coupled with sediment sampling. The Holocene mud deposits are developed as a belt in the innershelf area from the mouth of the Nakdong River to off Pohang along the coastline. The surficial sediments in the study area gradually become finer and well sorted from south to north. The seismic facies in the Holocene sequence change northward from parallel reflectors in the mouth of the Nakdong River and northeastward prograding reflectors in the southern part off Ulsan to transparent layer in the nearshore off Ulsan to Pohang. The regional difference of seismic facies indicates that the Holocene sediment characters are varied with localities. By combining the surficial sediments properties with seismic facies patterns, the suspended sediments mostly supplied from the Nakdong River may be transported northward along the shore by the north-flowing Tsushima warm current. The Holocene mud sequence overlying the ravinement surface which is produced by erosion of underlying sediments during a rapid transgression can be interpreted as the highstand system tracts probably formed during the highstand of sea level similar to the present-day sea level.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.42 no.1 s.118
• /
• pp.121-132
• /
• 2007

This paper examines the spatial and temporal variability in the water depth caused by artificial structures in Geum Estuary of South Korea. Water depth data set extracted from marine maps of 1979, 1990, 1996 and 2004 were used in a GIS to derive volumetric estimates of gains and losses of sedimentary material. Artificial structures caused above 2m in water depth to be shallow between 1979 and 2002 in the estuary system, particularly through disturbance of a natural transport in suspended sediment concentrations. The mutt significant change in suspended sediment transport were observed in area affected by embankment for fresh water, inducing the water depth shallower than before in almost 80% of the area. This was probably because of an continuous abundant mud supply from coastal river oven after blocking the fresh water. The spatial analysis made it possible to identify area wide patterns of water depth change subject to many different type of artificial structures, which tanner be acquired by traditional field sampling. It is anticipated thai this research could be used as a valuable reference to confirm the outputs from past field researches for sedimental process in more visual and quantitative manner.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.27 no.9
• /
• pp.1086-1095
• /
• 2017

There is growing interest in groundwater resources to overcome the loss of surface water resources due to climate change. An understanding of the microbial community of aquifers is essential for monitoring and evaluating groundwater contamination, as well as groundwater management. Most microorganisms that inhabit aquifer ecosystems are attached to sediment particles rather than planktonic, as is the case in groundwater. Since sampling aquifer sediment is not easy, groundwater, which contains planktonic microorganisms, is generally sampled in microbial community research. Although many studies have investigated microbial communities in contaminated aquifers, there are only a few reports of microbial communities in uncontaminated or pristine aquifers, resulting in limited information on aquifer microbial diversity. Such information is needed for groundwater quality improvement. This paper describes the ecology and community structure of groundwater bacteria in uncontaminated aquifers. The diversity and structures of microbial communities in these aquifers were affected by the concentration or distribution of substrates (e.g., minerals, organic matter, etc), in addition to groundwater characteristics and human activities. Most of the microbial communities in these uncontaminated aquifers were dominated by Proteobacteria. Studies of microbial communities in uncontaminated aquifers are important to better understand the biogeochemical processes associated with groundwater quality improvement. In addition, information on the microbial communities of aquifers can be used as a basis to monitor changes in community structure due to contamination.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.475-483
• /
• 2011

Quantitative estimate of manganese nodules based on the operation of a free fall grab (FFG) needs to be corrected because of its less retrieval ability. Previously, the correction parameter of the nodule abundance collected by FFG was calculated based on the image analysis of the photos of bottom sediment in the northern sector of the nodule exploration area of Korea in the NE equatorial Pacific. However, nodules in the southern sector are commonly covered by sediment, which may prevent the use of the correction parameter estimated by photographic techniques. In this study, we attempted dual nodule sampling at the same location by different equipments (i.e. box corer (BC) and FFG) to examine the previous correction parameter of nodule abundance for FFG operation. During the exploration cruises in 2007 to 2009, Mn-nodules were collected from 40 stations both by BC and FFG in the southern sector. The correlation analysis between BC and FFG operations revealed that the BC collected nodules 1.43 times larger than FFG. Our result suggests that the correction parameter of 1.43 can be applied for collection of FFG data to estimate Mn-nodule distribution in the southern sector. The obtained parameter is similar to the previous parameter (1.42~1.45) calculated by the image analysis method, indicating an usefulness of new correction parameter suggested by this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.85-93
• /
• 2012

We study on the distribution characteristics of antifouling agents such as Sea-nine 211, Irgarol 1051, Diuron using HS-SPME method in southwestern coast of Korea. Short half-life of Sea-nine 211 was distributed in very low concentrations and/or below detection limits in all of the sampling points, both water and sediments samples. Irgarol 1051 was detected to have the highest concentration respectively $6.98{\mu}g/L$, 28.50 ng/g-dry wt in the seawater and sediments, and regional distribution characteristics did not appeared. Strong bioaccumulation and long half-life of Diuron was distributed higher concentration than in all sampling point and was analyzed to have the highest concentration(3882.22 ng/g-dry wt) Mo7(Mokpo)'s sediment. Irgarol 1051 and Diuron distributed in the shipbuilding industry and ship marina are located just at the point to found in high concentrations. In addition, the distribution of the antifouling agent materials were lower in concentration than in inner bay to outter bay in sediments. Antifouling agent materials from these results were contaminated high potential from port and shipbuilding industry located in inner bay.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.438-445
• /
• 1993

Spatial and seasonal variations of community structure of demersal fishes in Asan Bay were studied using seasonal samples collected by an otter trawl from autumn 1991 to summer 1992. For each sampling station, three trawl hauls were completed to obtain a reliable sample. Of 34 species identified, Cynoglossus joyneri, Johnius belengeri, Zoraces gillii and Thrissa koreana accounted for $93\%$ of the individuals collected. The former three dominant species were more abundant on the finer sediment of the inner bay than on the sandy bottom of the outer bay. Spatial variation of community structure of demersal fishes was analysed by principal component analysis using rank correlation. The community structure did not show a spatial difference, but a clear seasonal trend. This distribution pattern seems to be related significantly to the seasonal temperature fluctuation and to the active mixing of the water by strong tidal current of the bay.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.119-128
• /
• 2012

The applicability and accuracy of Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model on the estimation of soil loss at impacted area of shooting range was tested to further the understanding of soil erosion at shooting ranges by using RUSLE. At a shooting range located in northern Kyunggi, the amount of soil loss was estimated by RUSLE model and compared with that estimated by Global Positioning System-Total Station survey. As results, the annual soil loss at a study site (202 m long by 79 m wide) was estimated to be 2,915 ton/ha/year by RUSLE and 3,058 ton/ha/year by GPS-TS survey, respectively. The error between two different estimations was less than 5%, however, information on site conditions should be collected more to adjust model coefficients accurately. At the study shooting range, sediments generated by rainfall was transported from the top to near the bottom of the sloping face through sheet erosion as well as rill erosion, forming a gully along the direction of the storm water flow. Coarser fractions of the sediments were redeposited in the limited area along the channel. Distribution characteristics of explosive compounds in soil before and after summer monsoon rainfall in the study area were compared with the erosion patterns. Soil sampling and analyses results showed that the dispersion of explosive compounds in surface soil was consistent with the characteristics of soil erosion and redeposition pattern of sediment movements after rainfalls.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.42 no.8
• /
• pp.631-641
• /
• 2009

Transport of nitrous oxide and treated waste water was investigated in an estuary receiving treated waste water. Seasonal change of water quality were also observed to assure origins of $N_2O$ and to estimate the influence of treated waste water on $N_2O$ production in the survey area. Based on nitrous oxide concentration profiles in the survey area, discharged treated waste water were traced, which flowed upstream at the flood tide and downstream at the ebb tide with concentration maxima. It is assumed that nitrous oxide discharged from treated waste water is transported to the survey area with partial and vertical mixture. To determine the production of $N_2O$ in survey area, flux at each sampling sites were calculated and 25% of the produced $N_2O$ was originated from treated waste water in result. The remaining percentage of the production was also assumed to be the discharge from the sediment layers.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2005.05b
• /
• pp.1249-1253
• /
• 2005

대부분의 국내 다목적 댐은 유역면적이 넓고 강우기 집중강우로 인하여 유입되는 입자성 물질이 상당히 많은 편이며, 영양염의 증가로 인하여 저수지내부에서 발생되는 입자성 물질도 많다. 이로 인하여 호소에는 외부에서 유입된 무기$\cdot$유기성 입자와 내부 생성된 유기성 물질들이 장기간 축적되어 저수지 용량이 줄어든다. 본 연구에서는 저수지 퇴적물 상태를 탐사하는 효율적인 조사기법을 제시하고자 한다. 퇴적물 탐사기법에는 탄성파탐사 등을 이용하는 간접적인 방법과 코아를 이용하는 직접적인 방법, 퇴적층 동위원소 분석 기법 등이 있으며, 이러한 기법에 대한 기본원리 및 특성, 효용성 등을 평가하고 현장에 적합한 방법을 실제 적용하였다. 퇴적물 분포를 조사하기 위하여 먼저 다중빔(MBES)을 이용한 정밀 지형조사를 실시하였으며 이를 통하여 호저지형의 특징을 간접적으로 평가할 수 있었다. 직접적인 조사방법으로 gravity corer를 사용하여 몇 개의 지점을 sampling하였으며, 잠수부가 직접 핸드코아링를 실시하여 퇴적층을 측정하였다. 16지점에서 실시한Gravity core 결과 세 곳의 조사 정점에서 최대 70cm 두께의 퇴적층이 중력식 시추기에 의해 획득되었으며 다른 정점에서는 50cm, 20cm가 시추되었고 그 나머지 지점에서는 퇴적물이 채취되지 않았다. 이는 퇴적층이 얇아 코아가 쓰러지거나 시료채취가 되지 않은 것으로 판단되었다. 잠수부가 hand corer를 이용한 시료 채취시에 채취된 시료의 퇴적층은 각 지점별로 덕치리 25cm, 경계지점 25cm, 우산리 지점 45cm로 조사되었다. 납-210(반감기 22.3년)을 이용하여 최근에 형성된 주암댐 호수저 퇴적물 중 퇴적작용 이후 교란을 받지 않은 지역의 시추 시료를 대상으로 퇴적속도를 구하였다. 주암호에서 취한 코아퇴적물 시료는 현장에서 냉동하여 실험실에서 약 2cm 간격으로 절단하여 절단체 별로 동위원소 분석을 실시하였다. $^{210}Pb$의 농도는 grand-daughter인 $^{210}Po$를 측정함 후 감마분석에 의하여 구하였다. CF:CS 연령모델을 적용한 결과 깊이에 따른 supported $^{210}Pb$와 퇴적 속도는 0.91cm/year 인 것으로 산정 되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.223-233
• /
• 2009

It has been considered that fishing areas for shrimp beam trawl have been in ruin because Korean local governments have permitted trawling into the areas limited by the fisheries local regulations from 1994. Physical and biological effects of the trawling were investigated in the study. Physical effects were investigated by optical methods such as trawling tracking by side scan sonar and comparing the gear both before and after trawling. Biological aspects were investigated by grab sampling of benthic animals, concentration of trace metals in sediment and a flux evaluation of ${NH_4}^+,\;{PO_4}^-,\;and\;SiO_2$ by coring. The fishing activity had physical impacts on the seabed but these recovered naturally in less than fourty days naturally, which increased the benthic biodiversity, increases the trace metal concentration of and nutrient flux into the seawater, especially phosphate and silicate. This method and these results can help in further studies looking for disturbances by fishing.