• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.78-91
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• 2018

자란만 퇴적물 중 유기물과 중금속의 농도분포와 오염현황을 파악하기 위하여 2014년 11월 15개 정점에서 표층 퇴적물을 채취하여 입도, 총유기탄소(TOC), 총질소(TN) 및 중금속(As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Zn)을 분석하였다. 평균입도(Mz)는 8.6-9.8Ø($9.3{\pm}0.3$Ø) 사이였으며, 니(Mud)와 점토(Clay)의 세립한 퇴적물로 구성되어 있었다. TOC와 TN은 각각 1.51-2.39 %($1.74{\pm}0.22%$), 0.20-0.33 %($0.23{\pm}0.03%$)의 범위로 전반적으로 공간적인 농도차이를 보이지 않았다. 모든 퇴적물에서 C/N 비 값은 5-10 사이를 보여 자란만 표층 퇴적물 중 유기물은 주로 해역 내에서 발생한 해양기원성 유기물인 것으로 파악되었다. 중금속 중 Cr, Fe, Mn은 만의 입구 쪽에서 높고 그 외 중금속(As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn)은 자란만의 안쪽에서 높은 농도를 보였다. 한편, 퇴적물 기준(SQGs), 농축계수(EF), 농집지수($I_{geo}$), 오염부하량지수(PLI), 생태계위해도지수(ERI) 등 다양한 평가기법을 이용하여 자란만 표층 퇴적물의 중금속에 대한 오염정도를 살펴본 결과, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn은 오염되지 않은 상태이거나 일부해역에서 오염된 상태를 보였지만 As는 전 해역에서 높은 오염도를 보였다. 또한, 분석된 모든 중금속 농도를 고려한 전체적인 오염도를 살펴본 결과, 모든 해역에서 중금속에 대하여 오염되었고 특히, 일부 해역에서는 저서생물에 위해성을 줄 수 있는 상태인 것으로 파악되었다. 따라서, 자란만 내 양식 수산물의 안전성 확보와 지속적인 어장 생산성 유지를 위해서 자란만 퇴적물 내 유기물과 중금속의 오염원에 대한 체계적인 관리가 필요하다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.270-276
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• 2014

Seasonal characteristics of water and sediment qualities and potential effects of the freshwater discharge from a small tide embankment interior in a coastal area in Goheung county were investigated from May to September in 2012. Chemical oxygen demand values (COD) were mostly higher than 2 mg/L in summer ebb tide, which exceed the standard value of water quality criteria II of acceptable level for aquaculture activities. Nitrogen and phosphorus were found as the limiting nutrients for algae growth in summer and fall and in spring, respectively. Nitrogen was the limiting nutrient for diatom growth in the whole studied period. The sudden high values of COD, ammonia, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) were found in water sample collected from station 5 which located in front of the tide embankment sluice gate during spring ebb tide. The freshwater discharge form the tide embankment interior maybe affected the survey areas during a short time interval. Mean values of eutrophication index of the surveyed coastal region in spring, summer and fall were all bigger than 1. Water quality was mostly considered at level II which acceptable for aquaculture activities. Sediment quality in this study was generally in the range of standard for fisheries environment.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.134-143
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• 2016

재배방법에 따라 팥의 항산화 성분과 항산화 활성의 차이를 조사하고, 생산된 팥에 대해 앙금을 제조하여 품질특성을 분석하고자 하였다. 총 polyphenol 및 flavonoid 함량은 재배방법에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났으며(p<0.05), DPPH 및 ABTS radical 소거활성 또한 재배방법에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났고, 다른 품종에 비해 홍언이 높았다. 충주팥, 홍언 및 아라리의 습물중 앙금 수율은 각각 296.64~339.01, 271.36~282.24 및 268.21~292.32%, 건물중앙금 수율은 각각 71.68~85.41, 77.90~85.19 및 74.15~78.65%로 재배방법에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타냈다(p<0.05). 습물 및 건물 앙금의 명도는 충주팥과 아라리는 약간의 유의적인 차이를 보였으나(p<0.05), 홍언은 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았고, 적색도와 황색도는 재배방법에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 평균입자 직경은 충주팥, 홍언 및 아라리가 각각 66.21~98.80, 61.62~97.07 및 $82.96{\sim}106.71{\mu}m$로 재배방법별로 유의적인 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 앙금의 미세구조는 타원형 모양의 입자로 세포막과 단백질이 둘러싸서 표면이 거친 것을 볼 수 있다. 수분결합력, 용해도 및 팽윤력 또한 재배방법에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였다(p<0.05).

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.315-321
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• 2001

This study was conducted to estimate the decomposition capacity for organic matter by microbe of tidal flat sediments (Hajae, Dongjin and Mankyung). The decomposition rate constants (K') have been determined by Thomas slope method and compared with the values of each tidal flats. The decomposition rates of organic matter by microbe were initially very slow, but at the end of 12 hours, very sharply increased. The values of decomposition rate constant for Dongjin, Mankyung and Hajae tidal flat sediment were 1.364$day^{-1}$/, 1.080d$day^{-1}$ and 0.735$day^{-1}$, respectively. The decomposition rate constant of Dongjin tidal flat sediment which affected by livestock wastewater was higher than others. The decomposition quantity (mg/g/day) of organic matter by microbe of tidal flat sediments was 0.4mg/g/day for Dongjin, 0.36mg/g/day for Mankyung and 0.36mg/g/day for Hajae. The average of decomposition quantity was 0.37mg/g/day. To calculate purification capacity (kg/ha) of organic matter by microbe, we applied to two assumption ; 1) biological action by microbe is occur within 0.1cm under surface 2) specific gravity of sediment are 2.5g/$\textrm{cm}^2$. The purification capacity of organic matter by microbe of tidal flat sediment was calculated to 9.25kg/ha. The relationships between decomposition rate constant (K') and ignition loss (I. L), chemical oxygen demand by sediment (CO $D_{sed}$), total carbon(TC), silt and clay as index of organic matter were a high positive($R^2$=0.97~1.00).

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2013

Biomass and community composition of microphytobentos in tidal flats were studied by HPLC analysis and also investigated to examine the relationship between microphytobenthic pigments and Adenosine-5' triphosphate (ATP) as an index of total microbial biomass in intertidal environments (muddy and sandy sediment) of Gyeonggi Bay, west coast of Korea. Microphytobenthic pigments and ATP concentration in muddy sediment were the highest at the surface while the biomass of microphytobenthos in sandy sediment was the highest at the sub-surface (0.75 cm sediment depth). The detected pigments of microphytobenthos were chlorophyll a, b (euglenophytes), $c_3$, peridinin (dinoflagellates), fucoxanthin (diatom or chrysophytes), diadinoxanthin, alloxanthin (cryptophytes), diatoxanthin, zeaxanthin (cyanobacteria), ${\beta}$-carotein, and pheophytin a (the degraded product of chlorophyll a). Among the pigments which were detected, the concentration of fucoxanthin was the highest, indicating that diatoms dominated in the microphytobenthic community of the tidal flats. There was little significant correlation between OC (Organic Carbon) and ATP in both sediments. However, a positive correlation between chlorophyll a concentration and ATP concentration was found in sandy sediment, suggesting that microbial biomass could be affected by labile OC derived from microphytobenthos. These results provide information that may help us understand the relationship between microphytobenthos and microbial biomass in different intertidal sediment environments.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.7-17
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• 2009

Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to assess the impact of potential future climate change on the water cycle and soil loss of the Daecheong reservoir watershed. A sensitivity analysis using influence coefficient method was conducted for two selected hydrological input parameters and three selected sediment input parameters to identify the most to the least sensitive parameters. A further detailed sensitivity analysis was performed for the parameters: Manning coefficient for channel (Cn), evaporation (ESCO), and sediment concentration in lateral (LAT_SED), support practice factor (USLA_P). Calibration and verification of SWAT were performed on monthly basis for 1993~2006 and 1977~1991, respectively. The model efficiency index (EI) and coefficient of determination ($R^2$) computed for the monthly comparisons of runoffs were 0.78 and 0.76 for the calibration period, and 0.58 and 0.65 for the verification period. The results showed that the hydrological cycle in the watershed is very sensitive to climate factors. A doubling of atmospheric $CO_2$ concentrations was predicted to result in an average annual flow increase of 27.9% and annual sediment yield increase of 23.3%. Essentially linear impacts were predicted between two precipitation change scenarios of -20, and 20%, which resulted in average annual flow and sediment yield changes at Okcheon of -53.8%, 63.0% and -55.3%, 65.8%, respectively. An average annual flow increase of 46.3% and annual sediment yield increase of 36.4% was estimated for a constant humidity increase 5%. An average annual flow decrease of 9.6% and annual sediment yield increase of 216.4% was estimated for a constant temperature increase $4^{\circ}C$.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.296-305
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• 2021

This work investigated heavy metal pollution in surface sediments of rivers in Busan, Korea. Surface sediments were analyzed in order to conduct contamination assessment of organic matter, nutrients, and heavy metal concentrations. Contamination assessment of heavy metals was conducted using geoaccumulation index (I_geo), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (RI). Accumulation of organic matter and nutrients were affected by water discharged from sewage treatment plant. The concentrations of organic matter and nutrients were found to be greater in points which were close to the sewage treatment plant more than points furthest. The concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, and Ni were found to be greater in surface sediment more than in the background. The mean concentrations of heavy metals were in the order of Zn (323.5 mg/kg) > Cu (70.5 mg/kg) > Pb (39.8 mg/kg) > Cr (33.4 mg/kg) > Ni (13.5 mg/kg) > As (9.4 mg/kg) > Cd (0.84 mg/kg) > Hg (0.092 mg/kg). The result of geoaccumulation indices indicated that Hg > Cr > Cu > Ni > Zn > As > Pb > Cd were found in order of severe contamination by heavy metals. From PLI and RI analysis, it was evident that the Suyeonggang 2 was the most contaminated river.

• 생태와환경
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• 제36권2호통권103호
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• pp.161-171
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• 2003

본 연구는 도심에 위치한 얕은 인공호수의 수질변화 특성, 제한영양염 및 퇴적물 특성을 평가하기 위해서 이루어졌다. 일감호는 연 평균 엽록소 a($77.2{\pm}36.6\;{\mu}g/l)와 TP ($66.6{\pm}20.5\;{\mu}g/l)농도 그리고 영양상태지수 (>60)모두를 토대로 할 때 매우 부영양상태였다. 결빙시기와 해빙되는 시기에 수층내 무기질소와 인의 수체내 농도가 증가하였다가 여름철에는 감소하는 계절적인 변화가 나타났다. 수체내 DIN/DIP(무게비)비율과 TSI편차분석 그리고 생물검정 (AGP)실험을 통해서 질소와 인 모두가 식물플랑크톤의 성장을 제한함이 제시되었다. TSI편차분석 결과에서는 1년 중 생물검정을 통해서도 인 제한이 예측된 바 있는 9월부터 11월에 인과 질소 모두의 식물플랑크톤 성장에 대한 제한정도가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 퇴적물내 인 함량(313${\pm}$155mgP/kg)은 계절에 따른 변화를 나타났고, 인용출률은 pH9에서 0.29${\pm}$0.02Pmg $m^{-2}$ $day^{-1}$로 가장 높았다. 질소함량은 평균 4,452${\pm}$283.0 mg N/kg였으며 계절에 따른 큰 차이는 없었다. 이러한 결과들은 퇴적물이 제한영양염의 공급원으로서의 중요한 역할을 수행하며, 퇴적물내 인 함량의 계절에 따른 변화가 조류의 생물량을 조절할 수 있음을 의미한다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.567-575
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• 2017

To understand the geochemical characteristics of Gomso Bay, which features extensive Manila clam, we measured various geochemical parameters, organic matter, and trace metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Hg, As and Fe) of intertidal and subtidal surface sediments in 2011. The surface sediments consisted of sedimentary facies including gravel (0.21%), sand (61.1%), silt (32.1%), and clay (6.5%). The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) values in most areas were below sediment quality criteria (COD, $20mg/g{\cdot}dry$; AVS, $0.2mg/g{\cdot}dry$). Trace metals in the surface sediments were below pollution thresholds, except for As (morderately polluted). Sediment quality was evaluated using the trace metal pollution load index (PLI) and ecological risk index (ERI), which showed that sediments were generally not polluted and at low risk; however, values along the outer bay were higher. We expect these results will be valuable for sustainable aquaculture prodution and environmental management in Gomso Bay.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.659-672
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• 2020

Water and sediment qualities were investigated in the Oncheon Stream and at the Wondong bridge of the Suyoung River, during the summer rainy season, 2019. Dissolved oxygen (DO) showed the lowest levels at 4.7 and 5.0 m/L, and biogeochemical oxygen demand (BOD) showed the highest at 5.3 mg/L downstream where the tributary flows into the main river. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) increased from 2.0 to 5.9 mg/L on average as it flowed downstream, The COD/BOD ratio decreased gradually as it flowed downstream, reaching 1.0. However, COD/BOD ratio at the Wondong bridge was 5.8-22.2, indicating that easily biodegradable and non-biodegradable organic matter flows into the Oncheon Stream and Suyoung River, respectively. Total nitrogen (T-N) / total phosphorus (T-P) ratio tended to decrease from 72 to 21 as it flowed downstream, measuring 71 to 86 at the Wondong bridge. The water quality index (WQI) generally improved better than grade IV after heavy rainfalls. However, DO and T-P were the parameters that deteriorated the WQI. Ignition loss (IL), COD, T-N, and T-P of sediments had distribution of 1.44 ± 1.01%, 0.35 ± 0.16%, 43 ± 63 mg/kg, and 10.9 ± 21.9 mg/kg, respectively. These were several times lower than the annual averages of IL, T-N, and T-P in 2017 before the dredging project was conducted in the first half of 2018.