• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.240-248
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• 2016

Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) adversely impacts food security in households of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Little research has focused on food insecurity among PLWHA in India. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of and factors relating to food security in households of PLWHA in the Siliguri subdivision of Darjeeling, West Bengal, India. Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was carried out among 173 PLWHA residing in Siliguri and registered at the Anti-retroviral Therapy Centre of North Bengal Medical College & Hospital. Data was collected at the household level with interviews of PLWHA using a food security survey instrument. We analyzed the associations using logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of household food security among the participants was 50.9% (88/173). Five years or more of schooling, higher socioeconomic class and males were found to be significantly associated with a higher likelihood of food security. A later stage of the disease and the presence of other family members with HIV/AIDS were significantly associated with a lower likelihood of food security. The major coping strategies to deal with food insecurity in the acute phase HIV infection included borrowing money (56.1%), followed by spousal support, loans from microfinance institutions, banks, or money lenders, borrowing food, or selling agricultural products. Conclusions: The present study revealed that only about half of households with PLWHA were food secure. Prior interventions relating to periods of food and economic crisis as well as strategies for sustaining food security and economic status are needed in this area.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.42 no.10 s.340
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• pp.31-38
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• 2005

Ipsec is a security protocol suite that provides encryption and authentication services for IP messages at the network layer of the internet. Internet Key Exchange (IKE) is a protocol that is used to negotiate and provide authenticated keying materials in a protected manner for Security Associations (SAs). In this paper, we propose a dynamic key lifetime change algorithm for performance enhancement of virtual private networks using IPSec. The proposed algorithm changes the key lifetime according to the number of secure tunnels. The proposed algorithm is implemented with Linux 2.4.18 and FreeS/WAN 1.99. The system employing our proposed algorithm performs better than the original version in terms of network performance and security.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.17-22
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• 2022

This article defines the process of formation of anti-corruption consciousness as one of the areas of interaction between public authorities and civil society institutions. It is concluded that the implementation of the state anti-corruption policy in Ukraine may be more promising if the institutions of civil society are actively involved. The degree of citizen engagement can be increased by increasing social trust, as well as by increasing the level of political and legal education and culture. Particular attention should be paid to the organization of public control and monitoring of the activities of public authorities, impartial coverage of information on the fight against corruption in the media, as well as the joint conduct of an information and educational campaign and the promotion of the formation of anti-corruption consciousness among a large number of citizens.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.11-20
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• 2024

While artificial neural networks are adept at identifying patterns, they can struggle to distinguish between actual correlations and false associations between extracted facial features and criminal behavior within the training data. These associations may not indicate causal connections. Socioeconomic factors, ethnicity, or even chance occurrences in the data can influence both facial features and criminal activity. Consequently, the artificial neural network might identify linked features without understanding the underlying cause. This raises concerns about incorrect linkages and potential misclassification of individuals based on features unrelated to criminal tendencies. To address this challenge, we propose a novel region-based training approach for artificial neural networks focused on criminal propensity detection. Instead of solely relying on overall facial recognition, the network would systematically analyze each facial feature in isolation. This fine-grained approach would enable the network to identify which specific features hold the strongest correlations with criminal activity within the training data. By focusing on these key features, the network can be optimized for more accurate and reliable criminal propensity prediction. This study examines the effectiveness of various algorithms for criminal propensity classification. We evaluate YOLO versions YOLOv5 and YOLOv8 alongside VGG-16. Our findings indicate that YOLO achieved the highest accuracy 0.93 in classifying criminal and non-criminal facial features. While these results are promising, we acknowledge the need for further research on bias and misclassification in criminal justice applications

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the associations of food security with socio-demographic characteristics, nutrient intakes and mental health status among older Korean adults. Methods: This study was conducted using data from the 2008-2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Subjects were 4,451 adults aged 65~98 years. Food security was measured using a self-reported question on food sufficiency of subjects' household. Based on the answers, study subjects were classified into secure, mildly insecure, moderately insecure, and severely insecure groups. Dietary intake was estimated by 24-hour dietary recall. Nutrient intake was assessed by dietary reference intakes (DRI). As for mental health status, the data on mental stress, depression, and suicide ideation were used. Results: Rate of food insecurity in older adults was 14.3%. Old age, being female, low education, low income level, living alone, and discomfort in daily living were more related to food insecurity. Means of nutrient intakes were significantly different according to food security status. Intakes of calcium, potassium, and vitamin $B_2$ were lower than recommended intakes in all groups. Consumption amounts of soy and soybean products, vegetables, mushrooms, fruits, vegetable oils, meats, eggs, seafood, and dairy products were lower in food insecure groups. Mental stress, depression, and suicide ideation were higher in food insecure groups independent of the gender and income level. Conclusions: These present findings suggested that food security is related to mental health as well as nutrition status in older Korean adults. A national system that include food and psychosocial support programs for the elderly should be considered in order to improve the overall health of older Korean adults.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.81-98
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• 2003

In modern society, there are diverse sorts of VIPs including a king and individuals. Some like a king or president are in need of professional secret services, and others become VIPs by being guarded by a bodyguard company at their own request. The former is called a public guard, and the latter is a private one. In the field of the public guard, the nation should be furnished with a guard system in consideration of political circumstances to protect VIPs. That is, the parliamentary cabinet system and presidential system call for a different guard system, and the guard system's professional features vary to some degree with political situations and cultural climate. If the ultimate goal of guard is to protect the chief of the democratic and open state in a most efficient and safe manner, it's mandatorily necessary to set up a professional and specialized guard organization to provide democratic and efficient secret services. It's desired that the domestic presidential guard division should be staffed with not only expert guards but other personnels dispatched from the military and police. In the police, guard mission is splitted among various guard and security agencies, including the National Police Agency's public security bureau or the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency's public security division, 101 security unit, mobile police and 22 special guard division. As a chain of command is separated and it's difficult to manage such organizations effectively, the National Police Agency should be exclusively in charge of VIP guard and security. In the area of private guard, the private police system has shared national security task as a middle organization between the private police and private guard. But now its intent has gradually weakened, and its mission should be redefined. In addition, the way people look at private guard should change, and they should be well informed that it could serve to prevent possible crimes, protect them against crimes and get rid of their inconveniences. To make a good impression on people, the guard associations and businesses should put their efforts into reinforcing publicity activities, and the government, academic circles and press should team up with them as well.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.25
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• pp.1-25
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• 2010

This research aims to provide a solution for the improvement of private security according to the change in criminal environment. The main cause of crime can be found in the anti-functional dimensions including value set disorder, social phenomenon variation, information-based, globalization and urbanization. In this environment, the private security sector has dramatically increased in a quantitative viewpoint, but it is insufficient in a qualitative viewpoint. This paper recognized this problem and demonstrates a solution for improvement through classifying elements of private security into relevant legislation, education institutions, security companies and security associations. The analysis result is a follows: First, motivation and satisfaction rate of escort and security related major has shown to be high. However, respondents evaluated the guard educational institution negatively. Second, the motivation of entering into the private security sector for internal staffs has shown to be positive and sound. However, the job satisfaction rate has shown to be low due to excessive competition, negative perception of occupation and low earning. Third, respondents gave an average mark to the Security Association's management and operation. In addition, the mutual-aid project received the same mark. Negative feedbacks were given to the protection of member's interest and to association operation and policy, while positive feedbacks were given to the degree of member's cooperation towards association policies.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.16
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• pp.265-282
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• 2008

This research aims to provide a solution for the improvement of private security according to the change in criminal environment. The main cause of crime can be found in the anti-functional dimensions including value set disorder, social phenomenon variation, information-based, globalization and urbanization. In this environment, the private security sector has dramatically increased in a quantitative viewpoint, but it is insufficient in a qualitative viewpoint. This paper recognized this problem and demonstrates a solution for improvement through classifying elements of private security into relevant legislation, education institutions, security companies and security associations. The analysis result is a follows: First, motivation and satisfaction rate of escort and security related major has shown to be high. However, respondents evaluated the guard educational institution negatively. Second, the motivation of entering into the private security sector for internal staffs has shown to be positive and sound. However, the job satisfaction rate has shown to be low due to excessive competition, negative perception of occupation and low earning. Third, respondents gave an average mark to the Security Association's management and operation. In addition, the mutual-aid project received the same mark. Negative feedbacks were given to the protection of member's interest and to association operation and policy, while positive feedbacks were given to the degree of member's cooperation towards association policies.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.525-536
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• 2012

This paper proposes methods of securing Smart Grid system against various types of cyber threats by separating AMI networks from the public network, the Internet, and providing an AMI specific authentication framework. Due to the fact that thousands and millions of AMI devices to be deployed would be directly or indirectly connected to the public network without any authentication procedures for access control, currently being developed AMI architectures could be widely exposed to considerable number of penetrating attacks. Furthermore, there have not been a sufficient number of researches on authentication frameworks with basis on the specific circumstances of AMI networking that should support varied authentication protocols among security associations and AMI linking devices. This work makes a proposal of isolating smart meters from HAN devices and the Internet and integrating network/application level authentication frameworks with an EAP-based authentication architecture. These approaches are beneficial to deploy AMI with security and efficiency.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.3313-3332
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• 2022

This study is an investigation into the factors affecting patient dissatisfaction among Saudi hospitals. The selected factors considered for analysis are security of information sharing, operational practices, disruptive technologies, and the ease of use of EHR patient information management systems. From the literature review section, it was clear that hardly any other studies have embraced these concepts in one as was intended by this study. The theories that the study heavily draws from are the service dominant logic and the feature integration theory. The study surveyed 350 respondents from three large major hospitals in three different metropolitan cities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This sample came from members of the three hospitals that were willing to participate in the study. The number 350 represents those that successfully completed the online questionnaire or the limited physical questionnaires in time. The study employed the structural equation modelling technique to analyze the associations. Findings suggested that security of information sharing had a significant direct effect on patient satisfaction. Operational practice positively mediated the effect of security of information sharing on patient dissatisfaction. However, ease of use failed to significant impact this association. The study concluded that to improve patient satisfaction, Saudi hospitals must work on their systems to reinforce them against the active threats on the privacy of patients' data by leveraging disruptive technology. They should also improve their operational practices by embracing quality management techniques relevant to the healthcare sector.