• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.261-265
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the effects of Vojta therapy on the respiratory function in young male smokers. Methods: Three subjects were tested using the ABA design for Single-subject Experimental Research Design. This study was conducted with the baseline, intervention, and follow-up phase. Intervention was conducted three to four times a week for 20 minutes per times and a total of 25 sessions. The respiratory function was measured using a Spirometer. Results: The results of Forced Vital Capacity and Forced Expiratory Volume at one second for all subjects showed improvements in the intervention phase over the baseline phase. In the follow-up phase, the improved ability was still maintained or slightly reduced. Conclusion: Vojta therapy used on young male smokers was effective in both FVC and FEV1. In other words, the Vojta therapy worked effectively in improving the respiratory function. In future studies, it is necessary to have a control group and increase the number of trials in order to generalize the effect of Vojta therapy.

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.82-98
• /
• 2020

Purpose - This study aims to overcome the limitations of existing studies, which linearly determine the precedence factors of competency in overseas subsidiaries. The research objectives are as follows. First, what kind of nonlinear effects does the level of control held by Korean headquarters over foreign subsidiaries have in terms of competency in the subsidiaries? Second, what kind of nonlinear effects do the local experiences of overseas subsidiaries have on their competency? Design/methodology - With data on Korean multinational corporations (MNCs), this paper analyzes the effects of control levels of headquarters (HQs) and host-country experiences of foreign subsidiaries regarding competency in overseas subsidiaries. In particular, this study focuses on nonlinear models, differentiating it from previous studies. In order to examine research hypotheses, this study conducted a survey of overseas subsidiaries of Korean corporations. Surveys were conducted through various methods including e-mail, online questionnaires, fax, and telephone calls. Copies of the questionnaire were distributed to a total of 2,246 overseas subsidiaries, and 409 completed responses were collected. Excluding 15 copies that were insufficiently answered, responses from a total of 394 copies were used for analysis. Findings - This study presents the following results. First, there is a U-shaped relationship between levels of HQ control and competency in foreign subsidiaries. This means that higher levels of HQ control negatively impact the competency levels of subsidiaries because strict control undermines autonomy in subsidiaries. However, if the level of HQ control exceeds a certain point, then the transfer of knowledge between HQs and subsidiaries is facilitated. Knowledge transferred from HQs can be used as prior knowledge by foreign subsidiaries to the benefit of all parties. Accordingly, knowledge transfer negates the negative effects of excessive HQ control and positively affects competency in subsidiaries. Second, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the local (host-country) experiences of subsidiaries and competency in foreign subsidiaries. This means that foreign subsidiaries can overcome the liabilities of foreignness and contribute to capability building by accumulating unique knowledge about their host countries. However, if local experiences accumulate excessively beyond a certain point, then the host country-specific experiences of foreign subsidiaries will offset the benefits discussed above. Excessive local experiences not only increase organizational inertia, but also create a problem of goal incongruence due to information asymmetry between HQs and subsidiaries. Therefore, excessive local experiences have negative effects on competency in foreign subsidiaries. Originality/value - This study suggests the following implications. First, unlike existing studies based mainly on linear models, this study presents important theoretical implications in its focus on nonlinear models and its analysis of the effects of HQ control and local experiences on competency in foreign subsidiaries from perspectives of organizational learning theory and agency theory. Second, in terms of practical implications, the results of this study suggest that optimally raising levels of HQ control and managing the local experiences of subsidiaries without increasing organizational inertia is important for enhancing competency in foreign subsidiaries.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.178-185
• /
• 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) from its aqueous solutions via different advanced oxidation processes (AOP). The effects of persulfate (PS) concentration, pH, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) dose, initial CIP concentration, and reaction time on the degradation of CIP were studied. It was found that the sonochemical (US) degradation is a less efficient process (with removal efficiency of 36%) compared to the sono-nano-chemical (US/ZnO) process which resulted in removal efficiency of 70%. Maximum removal of 99% was obtained using the sono-nano-chemical/PS (US/ZnO/PS) process at a frequency of 60 kHz, time of 10 min, pH of 7, initial CIP concentration of 25 mg/L, and PS concentration of 476.06 mg/L. The addition of PS and ZnO-NPs to the process enhanced the rate of US degradation of CIP. In addition, the kinetic parameters for the US/ZnO/PS process were obtained by fitting the kinetic data into the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The kinetic data was found to fit into the pseudo-first-order kinetic model than the pseudo-second-order model. The results showed that the AOP using US/ZnO/PS is a promising technique for the treatment of ciprofloxacin containing solutions.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.1094-1100
• /
• 1997

Effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) concentration, temperature and pH on oxidation mechanism of corn starch were investigated. The rate of oxidation was dependent on the concentration of hypochlorite, pH and temperature of oxidation. The reaction was either first or second order depending on the concentration of NaOCl. At oxidant concentration of $0.75{\sim}3.0%$ active Cl/g starch, the reaction was first-order and it was second-order at $3.75{\sim}4.5%$ active Cl/g starch. The first-order rate constants were increased with increasing oxidant concentration. The rate of oxidation of starch was highest at pH 7 and decreased with increasing acidity or alkalinity of the medium. As the reaction temperature increased, the rate of oxidation was increased.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.579-596
• /
• 2016

This paper describes a method of the refined plastic hinge approach in the framework of the higher-order element formulation that can efficaciously evaluate the limit state capacity of a whole reinforced concrete structural system using least number of element(s), whereas the traditional design of a reinforced concrete structure (i.e. AS3600; Eurocode 2) is member-based approach. Hence, in regard to the material nonlinearities, the efficient and economical cross-section analysis is provided to evaluate the element section capacity of non-uniform and arbitrary concrete section subjected to the interaction effects, which is helpful to formulate the refined plastic hinge method. In regard to the geometric nonlinearities, this paper relies on the higher-order element formulation with element load effect. Eventually, the load redistribution can be considered and make full use of the strength reserved owing to the redundancy of an indeterminate structure. And it is particularly true for the performance-based design of a structure under the extreme loads, while the uncertainty of the extreme load is great that the true behaviour of a whole structural system is important for the economical design approach, which is great superiority over the conservative optimal strength of an individual and isolated member based on traditional design (i.e. AS3600; Eurocode 2).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.28 no.7
• /
• pp.995-1006
• /
• 2004

This study examines the effects of clothing style and the order effect on impression formation. The instrument of this study consisted of response scales and stimuli. Fifty-one items of 7-point semantic differential scales, 9 items of demographic traits, and 4 items of subjective evaluation scales were developed. Stimuli were color pictures of a model wearing each of two clothing styles(mannish style, feminine style). The sample include 56 male and female subjects in their twenties and thirties. The experimental design was within-subject design and the half of the sample responded to the mannish style first and the other half responded to the feminine style first. Responses to the semantic differential scales were factor analyzed, and seven factors were identified: intellectuality, sensibility, activity, modesty, competence, display, keenness. There were significant differences between mannish style and feminine style in impression of wearer＇s age, job, and physical attractiveness as well as wearer＇s intellectuality and sensibility. It was revealed that the first impression and second impression of wearer＇s intellectuality, sensibility, modesty, competence, display were differed by the function of the order of stimuli shown to the subjects. Both primacy effect and recency effect of order effect were confirmed, and especially negativity effect was influenced prominently on impression formation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.187-200
• /
• 1992

A general scheme is developed to determine the Langrangian motions of water particles by the Eulerian velocity at their mean positions by using Taylor's theorem. Utilizing the Stokes finite-amplitude wave theory, the orbital motions and the mass transport velocity including the effects of higher-order wave components are determined. The fifth-order approximation of orbital motion gives very good predictions of actual water particle motion in Stokes fifth-order wave theory except near the free-surface. The fifth-order theory predicts the mass transport velocity less than that given by the existing second-order theory over the whole water depth.

• The Journal of Information Systems
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.1-24
• /
• 2023

Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate how system quality, privacy concerns, and usefulness impact user satisfaction and word-of-mouth intention towards smart order services among Chinese consumers. The study also seeks to provide both theoretical and practical implications based on the findings. Design/methodology/approach This study conducted an empirical study on Chinese consumers through an online survey on 274 users of smart order service in China. To analyze the data, frequency analysis, reliability analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were performed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0 statistical programs, and structural equation model was used for hypothesis testing. Findings The study results are as follows. First, system quality was found to have a positive effect on usefulness and user satisfaction. Second, privacy concerns were found to have a positive effect on user satisfaction, but not on usefulness. Third, user satisfaction was found to have a positive effect on consumers' word-of-mouth intention of the smart order service. Finally, mediating effects were found between system quality and user satisfaction through usefulness, as well as between system quality, perceived privacy concern, and usefulness through user satisfaction.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study is to plan and apply the problem posing program to each unit of elementary mathematics 5-Ga stage, and to make an analysis of their effects on mathematics learning achievements, attitude and interesting. In order to achieve these purposes, the following research problems were set up for the present study: First, we design problem posing program which can be applied to the actual instruction with analyzing the curriculum of mathematics on 5-Ga stage in the seventh national curriculum. Second, we analyze the effect of applying problem posing program on students' mathematics learning achievements. Third, we analyze the effect of applying problem posing program on students' mathematical attitude and interest. The results of this study are as follows: First, the problem posing program developed in this study was more affirmative effects for improving the students' mathematics learning achievements. Second, the problem posing program also had affirmative effects on students' attitude and interest on mathematics. Third, after applying the problem posing program turned out to have a statistical significant correlation between mathematics learning achievements and attitude, and mathematics learning achievements and interest.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.43-56
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of small group inquiry skills on improving science process skills and attitudes toward science in elementary school science. The research questions of this study were as follows. First, effects of small group inquiry skills on improving science process skills in elementary school science. Second, effects of small group inquiry skills on improving attitudes toward science in elementary school science. The subjects of this study is two classes from 6th grade elementary classes in Busan. The experiment class practiced small group inquiry skills, while the control class practiced self inquiry. To verify the effect of the experiment, ANOVA was conducted. The main findings of this study are as follows. First, the small group inquiry skills gave a significant influence on increasing the science process skills, including the basic science process skills and the integrated science process skills, of students. Especially, among subordinate factors of science process skills between groups, it was effective to increase abilities of observing, reasoning, interpreting data, formulating hypothesis. It is necessary for teachers to make an effort to teach according to steps of the small group inquiry skills and to support inquiry activities, in order to increasing the science process skills. However, frequency of additional lessons have a little influence on increasing the science process skills. Second, there is meaningful change in the attitudes toward science for those who studied the small group inquiry skills. Also, they affected subordinate factors of the attitudes toward science, like the attitudes toward science inquiry, the happiness about science class. This study shows that the small group inquiry skills give a positive influence on the science process skills and attitudes toward science in elementary school science.