• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.2 no.1 s.2
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• pp.41-52
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to test the effects of the pedestrian green signal adjustment on clearance of the turning vehicles impeding the through traffic flow at the signalized intersections, and thereby, suggest some operational criteria for adjustment of the pedestrian green signal. In order to test such effects, the pedestrian green time was adjusted so that it could started a few seconds later than the vehicle green time during peak hours, and thereby, the turning vehicle volume not cleared at the intersection was measured by extending the time gap by 2 seconds. (In general, the pedestrian green signal turns on at the same time as the vehicle green signal.) The results of this test can be summed up as follows; first, the longer the time gap was, the turning vehicle volume not cleared from the intersection decreased more. Second, in case there existed a storage space between intersection and crosswalk the effect of the turning vehicles on the through traffic flows was minimal. Third, at the pelican, the effect of the turning vehicles on the through traffic flow was minimal due to the structure of the intersection and the phase sequence. In conclusion, it was found that the adjustment of pedestrian green signal had the effect of enhancing the intersection operation. When adjusting the pedestrian green signal, it was deemed necessary to thoroughly survey the geometric structure of the intersection and collect the data on the turning traffic volume and thereby, apply the results of analysis flexibly to each intersection.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.431-442
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• 2015

SSI instruction can be an effective tool to promote key competencies for future citizens. Our assumption of the study is that applying the concept of collective intelligence in the context of SSI learning would facilitate the learning. Thus, we designed and implemented Collective Intelligence-based SSI instruction over almost a year and observed the effects of the instruction on enhancing students' collaboration, information management, critical thinking, and communication skills. Twenty 9th grade students enrolled in a science-gifted program voluntarily participated. Data was collected by administering a questionnaire to examine the skills before, in the middle of, and after the instruction, and by conducting classroom observations and focus student group interviews. The results indicated some degree of improvement in their targeted skills. First, they experienced the expansion of their thoughts by actively sharing information and ideas using the web platform. Second, they became more flexible and open to different points of views in order to accomplish a common goal. Third, they appreciated having independent time and space to explore their own positions on the issues and to search necessary information, and believed that the process encouraged them to more pro-actively participate and communicate in the group debates. Lastly, they positively perceived the values that collaboration with diverse group members could produce.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.192-203
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• 2016

This study examined the effects of characteristics of mobile coupon on the user's perceived usefulness and intention of using mobile coupon in order to suggest directions to enhances marketing strategies for foodservice company. The research model for this study was designed based on the hypothesis that the characteristics of mobile coupon influenced both the user's perceived usefulness and purchase intention. Based on total 227 customers obtained from the empirical research, this study reviewed validity, reliability and fitness of research model. Major findings of empirical analysis could be summarise as follow. First, among the characteristics of mobile coupon, the easiness of acquisition and the economic value of the mobile coupon had an influence on the mobile coupon user's perceived usefulness. Second, the easiness of acquisition and the economic value of the mobile coupon had an influence on the intention of using mobile coupon. Third, the mobile coupon user's perceived usefulness had an influence on the intention of using mobile coupon.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.123-139
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of a conflict resolution program on conflict resolution strategies and friendship quality of children. The subjects of this study were higher-grader students of elementary school. Out of the students, 18 were into the experimental group, while the rest were into the control-group. The experimental design was the pretest-posttest control group design, and the 50-minutes conflict resolution program was treated for the experimental group twice per week (a total of 11 sessions). The scale of conflict resolution strategies presented by Ha Ji Wean (2005) and the scale of friendship quality of children presented by Rhee Un Hai and Koh Yun Joo (1999) were used as the measurement tools in this study. In order to supply the limitations of quantitative data, the journals of group participation of each session and the participation reports after the completion of the program were qualitatively analyzed. The results of hypotheses verification were as follows; First, conflict resolution strategies conflict was significant difference in enhancement of the compromising-integrating strategy and the obliging strategy, and reduction of the dominating strategy. Second, friendship quality was significant difference in enhancement of the friendship positive function, and friendship satisfaction, and in reduction of the friendship negative aspect, The results of the study confirmed that the conflict resolution program affected both conflict resolution strategies and the friendship quality of children.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.73-94
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• 2008

When individuals collaborated in virtual settings, communication is medicated through a variety of communication technologies, and is associated not only with communication effectiveness but also with socio-emotional interactions among group members. In this regards, scholars have examined how technology-mediated communication systems can be designed and used to facilitated communication interaction. However, the empirical results of the previous studies have revealed inconsistencies in the effects of communication media on users' behavioral or attitudinal responses, and on their viable effectiveness in organizations. Some studies claim that computer-mediated communication(CMC) is task-oriented but not suitable for emotional expression since it hinders close interpersonal interaction. On the other hand, some studies argue that individuals are able to develop interpersonal relationships more effectively in a CMC environment than in an FtF-environment. Due to the different perspectives, a theoretical gap exists, and it leads to the inconsistent research findings. The purpose of this paper is to combine the two different perspectives into single unified model, thereby providing a more realistic and comprehensive understanding about virtual collaboration. The present study here sought to answers the following questions with organizational communication perspective: What are the major components of virtual collaboration? What factors affect the performance of virtual collaboration? And what kind of managerial efforts should organization make in order to facilitate CMC media effectiveness in virtual collaboration? Although there is a certain belief that new media, namely technology-mediated communication support would create new opportunities, the problem of "how" or "why" has been an important question that is still not fully addressed. In this regards, we collectively reexamined previous literatures with major issues which are still controversial and integrated various theoretical activity within computer-mediated communication domain: task-oriented approach, socio-emotional approach, and evolutionary psychological approach. Our first contribution is to develop a framework for virtual collaboration by combining two different perspectives into a single unified model, providing a more realistic and comprehensive understanding. The second main contribution is the joint modeling of both social presence and cognitive effort, and the effects on two distinct but important communication outcomes(i.e., take performance and relational development). We tested the research hypotheses which were developed based on the various CMC theories using data gathered through a self-administered mail survey of 127 individuals of 69 virtual workgroups. The proposed model was supported, providing preliminary evidence that the tension between two opposite view should be integrated. The results show that the individual's psychological processes(social presence and cognitive effort) in a virtual environment significantly mediated the effect of CMC inputs (media richness, user adaptation, and shared contest) on the CMC outputs (task performance and relational development). Furthermore, this study shows that the lack of perceived media richness of CMC media can be complemented by user adaptation and shared context. Based on the results, we discuss how communication system should be designed and implemented so as to promote virtual interaction as well as how a virtual workgroup should be composed to complement the lack of media richness. A virtual collaboration using CMC media may create new value by overcoming the logistical constraints. On the other hand, it may also generate various managerial risks such as communicational depersonalization, process dissatisfaction, and low cohesion. Therefore, this study suggests that organization managers should carefully choose the CMC mediums and monitor individual member's cognitive and affective psychological processes during virtual collaboration to reduce potential risks in virtual collaboration.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.187-201
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of using process-based writing poems in the elementary mathematics classrooms. For this study, we chose 128 elementary school students to examine their mathematical achievements and attitude towards mathematics when using process-centered writing poems in the elementary mathematics classrooms. Process-based mathematics and writing programs developed mainly on the geometry units were composed of four levels, idea generation, idea selection, use and idea organization grouped into similar sections in order to separate into two sections. The results of the practice of this study's problem can be summarized as follows. First, the process-based mathematics and writing activity of geometry had a positive impact on academic achievement in mathematics. Although there was not a significant difference in the fourth and fifth grades, significant differences in the fifth and sixth grade were found. Second, in regards to attitudes in mathematics, process-based mathematics and writing activities had a positive impact. In particular, the improvement of mathematical attitudes was evident in all grades. It confirmed the effective facilitation of interest and enjoyment towards learning mathematics by 4th, 5th and 6th graders who had undertaken these mathematics classes.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.77-86
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to review the relationship between organizational commitment, and voluntary turnover(intention to leave), and the moderating effects of personal factors(gender and occupation) on the relationship between organizational commitment and intention to leave. In order to verify and achieve the purposes mentioned above, questionnaire data are gathered and analysed from 458 employees in Daedeok Innopolis Venture Enterprises, Dae-jeon Metropolis, South Korea. Multiple regression and multiple hierarchical regression analysis are applied to test the proposed hypotheses: 1) the relationship between organizational commitment(affective commitment, continuance commitment and normative commitment) and intention to leave, 2) the moderating effects of personal factors(gender and occupation) on the relationship between organizational commitment and intention to leave. Empirical survey's findings are as follows; First, affective commitment(AC) and continuance commitment(CC) are related negatively with intention to leave(IL), but normative commitment(NC) is not related significantly with IL. Second, gender positively moderates the relationship between affective commitment and intention to leave, and occupation negatively moderates the relationship between continuance commitment and intention to leave.

• ALGAE
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 2016

Marine organisms are frequently used to be harmful and have lower side effects than synthetic drugs. The cognitive improving efficacy of gamma aminobutyric acid-enriched fermented Saccharina japonica (FSJ) on the memory deficient rats, which were induced by trimethyltin chloride (TMT), was investigated by assessing the Morris water maze test and by performing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) immunohistochemistry. The neurite outgrowth of Neuro2a cells was assessed in order to examine the underlying mechanisms of the memory enhancing effects of FSJ. Treatment with FSJ tended to shorten the latency to find the platform in the acquisition test of the Morris water maze at the second and fourth day compared to the control group. In the probe trial, the FSJ treated group increased time spent in the target quadrant, compared to that of the control group. Consistent with the behavioral data, these treatments recovered the loss of ChAT, CREB, and BDNF immunepositive neurons in the hippocampus produced by TMT. Treatment with FSJ markedly stimulated neurite outgrowth of the Neuro2a cells as compared to that of the controls. These findings demonstrate that FSJ may be useful for improving the cognitive function via regulation of neurotrophic marker enzyme activity.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.11-22
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• 2012

This study aimed to analyze applying TAM model the process that flow factors such as 'harmony of challenge and technology' exert effects on learners' attitudes of keeping learning in STEAM class employing robots. For the study, the 'Energy and Tools' chapter of the science textbook for the 6th grade's second semester was re-arranged, and applied for 189 students, and among them, only the 174 usable data were used for the analysis. As a result of analysis, students' learning immersion factor(factor of harmony of challenge and technology) had deeper effects on the factor of ease of learning than usefulness of learning and this in turn, had an effect on their intention to keep learning ultimately through the factor of value of learning as the study found. As a result of research, it was found that for indications identified, in order to use robots in STEAM class, for the students' intention to keep learning, it's essential for learners to have proper and active attitudes towards learning and basic knowledge of robots, and aspects of values should be considered that based on this, robot can assist in learning and affect results of learning in STEAM class. On the other hand, the factors of ease of learning and the combination of the challenge and technology do not gives direct (+) effect on the intention to continue learning and the value for learning, respectively. However, each of the two factor has indirect influence on each of the dependent variable within the significant range, which is the reason the author includes the result of the analysis.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.377-382
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• 2020

A sequential design of experiments was employed to optimize MOF-235 synthesis for acetylene adsorption process. Two experimental designs were applied: a two-level factorial design for screening and a central composite design, one of response surface methodologies (RSM). In this study, 2³ factorial design of experiment was used to evaluate the effect of parameters of synthesis temperature and time, and also mixing speed on crystallinity of MOF-235. Experiments were conducted 16 times follwing MINITAB 19 design software for MOF-235 synthesis. Half-normal, pareto, residual, main and interaction effects were drawn based on the XRD results. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of test results depicts that the synthesis temperature and time have significant effects on the crystallinity of MOF-235 (response variable). After screening, a central composite design was performed to optimize the acetylene adsorption capacity of MOF-235 based on synthesis conditions. From nine runs designed by MINITAB 19, the result was calculated using the second order model equation. It was estimated that the maximum adsorption capacity (18.7 mmol/g) was observed for MOF-235 synthesized at optimum conditions of 86.3 ℃ and 28.7 h.