• 광물과 암석
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2021

북극해는 기후 변화에 따라 북극의 해빙과 빙상의 분포가 달라지며 쇄설성 퇴적물 내 광물의 특성이 변화한다. 따라서 해빙이나 빙산에 의해 운송된 해양 퇴적물을 연구하는 것은 지구 기후 변화를 이해하는 데에 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 척치해저고원의 아라온 마운드에서 채취한 4개의 중력코어와 아라온 마운드 사이 사면에서 채취한 1개의 중력코어를 사용하여, 벌크광물조성, 점토광물조성, 빙운쇄설물 연구를 통해 쇄설성 퇴적물의 기원지를 알아보고 이를 바탕으로 서북극해의 고환경 변화를 재구성하였다. 코어 퇴적물들은 갈색, 회색, 녹회색을 띠며 서북극해에서 나타나는 간빙기/빙기 순환에 따른 퇴적물 색의 특성을 잘 나타내고 있다. 척치해저고원에서 획득한 코어 퇴적물을 광물 특성과 주변에서 수행된 기존 연구와 비교하여 총 3개의 유닛으로 구분하였다. 최후빙기극대기에 퇴적된 유닛 3 퇴적물은 동시베리아해로 유입되는 콜리마 강과 인디기르카 강 퇴적물들이 동시베리아해 대륙붕에 퇴적된 후, 해빙이나 해류에 의해 유입된 것으로 보인다. 퇴빙기에 해당하는 유닛 2 퇴적물은 동시베리아해로 유입되는 콜리마 강, 인디기르카 강, 보퍼트해로 유입되는 맥켄지강과 캐나다 군도로부터 함께 공급된 것으로 보이며, 로렌타이드 빙상의 융해에 의하여 다량의 빙운쇄설물들이 유입되었다. 간빙기 퇴적물인 유닛 1의 경우, 세립질 퇴적물들은 캐나다 북부와 동시베리아해로부터 해빙과 해류에 의해 공급되었으며, 조립질 퇴적물들은 캐나다 군도로부터 해빙에 의해 유입된 것으로 여겨진다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.225-226
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• 2013

우리나라는 2013년 5월 15일 "북극이사회"의 영구옵서버 자격을 취득하였으며, 2013년 후반기 국적선박을 북극해 항로에 투입 할 예정인 시점에서 한국해양수산연수원은 국내 Ice Navigator 교육시장 선점과 세계적 교육기관으로 도약을 하기 위하여 Ice Navigation Training교육과정을 개설준비 하고 있다. 이를 위하여 북극해 항해기술, 극지 안전훈련, 북극해 최신 동향, 러시아의 북극해 정책, 통과절차 및 외국선박의 운항사례분석 등을 통하고, Ice Navigation Training 교육과정(Familiarization(친숙화), Professional(상급), Practical(직무), Crew Management등)이 이미 개설되어 있는 Russia Admiral Makarov State Maritime Academy측 교수진의 연수원 파견 및 한국적 선박의 북극해항로(North Sea Route, NSR) 통과시 승선실습이 가능할 수 있도록 협조를 요청 할 예정이며, 교육인증을 위한 협력(Makarov Academy측으로부터 교육과정에 대한 인증)도 추진 중이다. 이에 준비한 교육개발을 소개하고자 한다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제19권6호통권67호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2005

Ice resistance on ice-transiting vessels is one of th￡ important issues concerning th￡ design of ships with ice classes. In this study, th￡ development of GUI software for estimation of ice resistance on ice-transiting vessels is discussed. lee resistance estimation equations, based on model tests and full-scale sea trial data from many previous research articles, are studied in conjunction with two ship categories i.e., ,icebreakers/supply/tug vessels and ice-strengthened cargo vessels. lee resistance estimation equations are summarized in common format and are compared with each other. The GUI software 'Ice View,' written in MS Visual Basic language, can calculate ice resistances according to varying ice thickness and ship speed. The software can provide the calculated results, with suitable tables and graphs, for easy comparison of each ice resistance estimation equation.

• 대기
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.423-440
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• 2023

The updated version of Global Ocean Data Assimilation and Prediction System (GODAPS) in the NIMS/KMA (National Institute of Meteorological Sciences/Korea Meteorological Administration), which has been in operation since December 2021, is being introduced. This technical note on GODAPS2 describes main progress and updates to the previous version of GODAPS, a software tool for the operating system, and its improvements. GODAPS2 is based on Forecasting Ocean Assimilation Model (FOAM) vn14.1, instead of previous version, FOAM vn13. The southern limit of the model domain has been extended from 77°S to 85°S, allowing the modelling of the circulation under ice shelves in Antarctica. The adoption of non-linear free surface and variable volume layers, the update of vertical mixing parameterization, and the adjustment of isopycnal diffusion coefficient for the ocean model decrease the model biases. For the sea-ice model, four vertical ice layers and an additional snow layer on top of the ice layers are being used instead of previous single ice and snow layers. The changes for data assimilation include the updated treatment for background error covariance, a newly added bias scheme combined with observation bias, the application of a new bias correction for sea level anomaly, an extension of the assimilation window from 1 day to 2 days, and separate assimilations for ocean and sea-ice. For comparison, we present the difference between GODAPS and GODAPS2. The verification results show that GODAPS2 yields an overall improved simulation compared to GODAPS.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2015년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.37-39
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• 2015

The ships transiting the Northern Sea Route (NSR) have been gradually increased so that the number of ship-ice collision accidents would be increased. The collision between ship and ice floe can lead to serious damage of hulls and decline of ship's maneuverability. In this study, collision tests that a model ship is forced to collide with disk-shaped synthetic ice floes are conducted in a towing tank. The synthetic ice floes made of polypropylene which has similar density with real ice are used. The ice load is measured by a load cell installed on the carriage rod. The ice floe's motion is measured by a motion sensor installed on the synthetic ice floe. The influences of contact conditions such as hull form and ship speed on the ship-ice collision response are investigated and discussed by measured peak force and ice floe's motion.

• 대기
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.155-167
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• 2015

A dynamical seasonal prediction system for boreal winter utilizing cryospheric information was developed. Using the Community Atmospheric Model, version3, (CAM3) as a modeling system, newly developed snow depth initialization method and sea ice concentration treatment were implemented to the seasonal prediction system. Daily snow depth analysis field was scaled in order to prevent climate drift problem before initializing model's snow fields and distributed to the model snow-depth layers. To maximize predictability gain from land surface, we applied one-month-long training procedure to the prediction system, which adjusts soil moisture and soil temperature to the imposed snow depth. The sea ice concentration over the Arctic region for prediction period was prescribed with an anomaly-persistent method that considers seasonality of sea ice. Ensemble hindcast experiments starting at 1st of November for the period 1999~2000 were performed and the predictability gain from the imposed cryospheric informations were tested. Large potential predictability gain from the snow information was obtained over large part of high-latitude and of mid-latitude land as a result of strengthened land-atmosphere interaction in the modeling system. Large-scale atmospheric circulation responses associated with the sea ice concentration anomalies were main contributor to the predictability gain.

• 대기
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2013

In recent several years, East Asia, Europe and North America have suffered successive cold winters and a number of historical records on the extreme weathers are replaced with new record-breaking cold events. As a possible explanation, several studies suggested that cryospheric conditions of Northern Hemisphere (NH), i.e. Arctic sea-ice and snow cover over northern part of major continents, are changing significantly and now play an active role for modulating midlatitude atmospheric circulation patterns that could bring cold winters for some regions in midlatitude. In this study, a dynamical seasonal prediction system for NH winter is newly developed using the snow depth initialization technique and statistically predicted sea-ice boundary condition. Since the snow depth shows largest variability in October, entire period of October has been utilized as a training period for the land surface initialization and model land surface during the period is continuously forced by the observed daily atmospheric conditions and snow depths. A simple persistent anomaly decaying toward an averaged sea-ice condition has been used for the statistical prediction of sea-ice boundary conditions. The constructed dynamical prediction system has been tested for winter 2012/13 starting at November 1 using 16 different initial conditions and the results are discussed. Implications and a future direction for further development are also described.

• Strategy21
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• 통권30호
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• pp.200-235
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• 2012

Over the past few years, due to the climate change of the earth, the Arctic's sea ice cover is undergoing a historic transformation - thinning, extent reduction in all seasons, and mitigation in the area of multi-year ice in the central Arctic Ocean. These changes allow for increases in maritime access throughout the Arctic Ocean and for potential longer seasons of navigation and possibly transarctic voyage in the summer. These changes also allow more exploration for oil, gas, and other minerals. The Arctic is now an archetype of the complex, multi-dimensional global problems of the twenty-first century. Military security, environmental security, and economic security interact. The potentially enormous economic stakes, sufficient to change the strategic balance among the states of the region, set off competitive pressures for national advantage. Korea, which is heavily dependent upon the sea lane in terms of transportation of its exports and imports, is very much interested in the Arctic sea routes. Korea believes that the Artic sea route, particularly the Northern Sea Route (NSR), could serve as a new useful sea lane, which will enable shorter times between East Asia and Europe, thus resulting in substantial cost saving for ship operators. In addition to shipping, Korea is interested in other Arctic-related maritime industries. Korea, as a leading shipbuilder in the global market, is interested in building ice breakers, drill ships, and other vessels which can contribute to safe operation in Arctic resource development and exploration. Korea, as one of the future stakeholders in Arctic maritime activities, should be ready to foster international cooperation in the region.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2014

Ice Rink is energy intensive building type. Concern of energy saving from buildings is one of very important issues nowadays. New and renewable energy sources for buildings are especially important when we concern about energy supply for buildings. Among new and renewable energy sources, use of seawater for heating and cooling is an emerging issue for energy conscious building design. The options of energy use from sea water heat sources are using deep sea water for direct cooling with heat exchange facilities, and using surface layer water with heat pump systems. In this study, energy consumptions for an Ice Rink building are analyzed according to the heat sources of air-conditioning systems; existing system and sea water heat source system, in a coastal city, Kangnung. The location of the city Kangnung is good for using both deep sea water which is constant temperature throughout the year less than $2^{\circ}C$, and surface layer water which should be accompanied with heat pump systems. The result shows that using sea water from 200m and 30m under sea lever can save annual energy consumption about 33% of original system and about 10% of that using seawater from 0m depth. Annual energy consumption is similar between the systems with seawater from 200m and 30m. Although the amount of energy saving in summer of the system with 200m depth is higher than that with 30m depth, the requirement of energy in winter of the system with 200m depth is bigger than that with 30m depth.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2017

Sea ice is the main factor affecting the safety of the Arctic engineering. However, traditional numerical methods derived from classical continuum mechanics have difficulties in resolving discontinuous problems like ice damage. In this paper, a non-local, meshfree numerical method called "peridynamics", which is based on integral form, was applied to simulate the interaction between level ice and a cylindrical, vertical, rigid structure at different velocities. Ice in the simulation was freshwater ice and simplified as elastic-brittle material with a linear elastic constitutive model and critical equivalent strain criterion for material failure in state-based peridynamics. The ice forces obtained from peridynamic simulation are in the same order as experimental data. Numerical visualization shows advantages of applying peridynamics on ice damage. To study the repetitive nature of ice force, damage zone lengths of crushing failure were computed and conclude that damage zone lengths are 0.15-0.2 times as ice thickness.