• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.74-82
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• 1996

The developmental process of scutes in the eightspine stickleback, Pungitius sinensis kaibarae (Tanaka), was investigated. The scutes appeared first on the caudal peduncle at 13mm and then on the thoracoabdominal part at 16mm. The scutes continued to develop and then the trachurus type of scute arrangement was completed at about 20mm. Finally the number of scutes was stabilized as 32 - 33 in the fish over 22mm. The developmental state of scutes was different according to part of body but most scutes except those of anteriormost part entered into late stage at about 25mm. The scutes of anteriormost part remained as scute of middle stage even though the fish became adults. All scutes were formed around neuromasts of lateral line. Few anterior plates(up to five plates) had additional neuromasts above the plates. But scale material was not accumulated around the additional neuromasts. Relationship between Korean and Japanese eightspine stickleback and the taxonomic meaning of the additional neuromasts were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.1 no.1_2
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• pp.42-53
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• 1989

The geographic variations of the number and morphology of scutes of eightspine stickleback, Pungitius sinensis, in the southern half of the Korean peninsula were investigated. The two subspecies, P. sinensis sinensis and P. sinensis kaibarae, showed a bit of difference in the number of scutes but there was no geocline as a whole. In the frequencies of individuals with the different number of scutes between the left and right body side, there was also difference between the two subspecies, and the specimens from the Hyongsan River showed great variation. The populations of Kumho River had the largest scutes. But the specimens of the Hyongsan River had small and degenerated scutes different from all other populations, and some individuals showed the semiarmatus type arrangement of scute. Therefore, this population may be called the special type of P. sinensis. In the relationship between the time of landlocking and the size of scutes, it was speculated that the population of the Hyongsan River was landlocked long years ago and other populations of P. sinensis kaibarae except the Kumho River were landlocked more recently. For the population of the Kumho River, however, it seemed that there was no relation between salt tolerance or landlocking and number or developmental state of scutes as this landlocked population had well developed and large number of scutes.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.970-976
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• 2016

Determining age structure of the population of an endangered species is critical because it could provide basic information about population dynamics. In this study, we assessed the possibility if the growth lines on dorsal scutes of the national monument as well as endangered Reeves' turtle (Mauremys reevesii) can reliably estimate actual ages of the 100 turtles of which actual ages were known and have been housed in Seoul Zoo. We counted the number of growth lines on the first four dorsal scutes and the first left and right lateral scutes of each turtle and compared those with their known actual ages. Ages estimated by the growth lines were overestimated at between 1 and 5 actual ages, but underestimated at between 6 and 9 actual ages, indicating that age estimation using growth lines is only partially applicable at actual ages of less than 6 years old. In addition, using length and width of turtle's dorsal plates, we produced growth curves with equations to estimate actual ages of females combined with juveniles, but its application to estimate actual ages was not reliably possible because all subject turtles which used were at relatively young ages. In conclusion, when estimating actual ages of Reeves' turtles using the number of growth lines on the dorsal scutes, it is recommend to use minimum values at less than 6 lines, but use maximum values at more than 7 lines. As the first study which estimated actual ages of a turtle species using growth lines on the dorsal scutes in Korea, our results could be useful to estimate ages of the endangered Reeve's turtles in the field although its application might be limited.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 1999

Two specimens of Decapterus macrosoma Bleeker and Carangoides orthogrammus (Jordan et Gilbert) were collected separately from the south-eastern sea of Cheju island and Cheju fish market in September, 1998. We named "Gin-ga-ra-ji" for D. macrosoma and "No-rang-jeom-muni-yu-jeon-gaeng-i" for C. orthogrammus since they are first recorded in the Korean waters. D. macrosoma shows some differences like the extent of scales on its dorsal head, the number of scutes, the shape of lateral line, and the length of pectoral fin in comparison of those of same genus. C. orthogrammus is characterized in having high body depth, scutes located on the straight lateral line, a few number of the yellow spot on the side of body, elongated rayon the front end of 2nd dorsal and anal fin, and the area of no scales in the base of breast.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.28-31
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• 2001

Two specimens of the carangid fish Decapterus akaadsi Abe were collected for the first time in Busan, Korea. It is differentiated from the other three species of Decapterus by the number of rays in the dorsal and anal fins, gill rakers, scutes, and extent of predorsal scale. These specimens represent the first record of Decapterus akaadsi from Korea. A new Korean name 'Bulkeon karagi' is proposed for this species.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.201-208
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• 2014

To date, no study has reported detailed morphological characteristics of Korean sea turtles. Due to the lack of such basic information on Korean sea turtles, further related studies have been difficult in South Korea. In this report, we determined the species and the sex of the one sea turtle caught from the Yellow Sea of Korea (Taean-gun, Chungcheongnamdo) on July 17, 2013, and described its detailed morphological characteristics. The sea turtle was identified as a loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) by the presence of an interprefrontal scale on the head. The turtle had three times longer length between the edge of anal scute to the anus than that between the anus to tip of the tail, and the size of a pair of claws on the flippers were distinctively different, suggesting that the turtle was a male. Finally, the assumption that the sea turtle might be sexually mature is based on its body weight (59.95 kg), the maximum straight length of the carapace (72.5 cm), and the worn serrated parts at the edge of supracaudal scutes. The loggerhead sea turtle described in this study is the first record from the Yellow Sea of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.129-132
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• 2008

A single specimen of Carangoides oblongus (133.8 mm SL) belonging to the family Carangidae was firstly collected by a set net from the coastal waters of Jeju Island, Korea. This species resembles Carangoides dinema, but the former is morphologically distinguishable from the latter by lateral line being shorter than straight part, the number of lateral line scutes (37~45 in C. oblongus vs. 20~30 in C. dinema), second dorsal fin rays (20~22 vs. 17~19), and anal fin rays (18~19 vs. 15~17). We newly add this species to the Korean fish fauna and propose its new Korean name "Chae-jjik-yu-jeon-gaeng-i".

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 1995

Four specimens of Megalaspis cordyla(Linnaeus) belonging to the family Carangidae and three specimens of Champsodon snyderi Franz belonging to the family Champsodontidae were collected for the first time from Nam-hae and Pusan, Korea. Megalaspis cordyla is similar to other genera, but differs in some morphological charac-ters : the presence of finlets, the beginning portion and shape of scutes, and the length of pec-toral fin. A new Korean name "Ko-d$\breve{u}$ng-ka-ra-ji" is proposed for the M. cordyla. Champsodon snyderi is differs from C. capensis in the number of pectoral fins and the pres-ence of scale on cheek ; from C. longipinnis in having a pale spinous dorsal fin ; from C. guen-theri and C. machaeratus in having 11 lower gill rakers, 19 soft dorsal fin rays. A new Korean name "Ak-$\hat{o}$-chi" is proposed for the C. snyderi.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2010

Four specimens of unknown Coilia sp. were collected for the first time from the Yellow Sea in 2008 and compared with Coilia mystus and Coilia nasus. Coilia sp. showed similar morphology to C. mystus and C. nasus, but differed in that its tail was considerably shorter. We conducted an analysis of the morphological and genetic characteristics in an effort to clarify the taxonomic position of Coilia sp. In counts and measurements, Coilia sp. were well distinguished from C. nasus by the number of scutes (42-44 in Coilia sp. vs. 40-45 in C. mystus vs. 45-55 in C. nasus), ratio of dorsal base length to head length (43.4-47.6 vs. 37.9-47.6 vs. 33.0-41.0), and eye length to head length (19.2-20.8 vs. 17.0-22.4 vs. 13.8-18.2). In caudal skeleton of Coilia sp., urostyle, hypural and epural bones were not observed; instead of them, caudal fin rays were supported by the last vertebra, neural and haemal spines' extension. The molecular phylogenetic relationship was analyzed using 414 base-pair 12S rRNA mitochondrial DNA sequences. The Kimura-2-parameter distance between Coilia sp. and C. mystus was 0.3%, but was 1.3% between Coilia sp. and C. nasus. Both the neighbor-joining tree and maximum-likelihood tree showed that Coilia sp. are closely clustered with C. mystus. Therefore, our results suggest that the Coilia sp. may be a deformed fish of C. mystus.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.107-119
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• 1989

Three species of Korean sticklebacks family Gasterosteidae were reviewed based on the specimens of several populations for the study of their morphological variations and taxonomical positions. All specimens of Gasterosteus aculeatus observed have a complte row of lateral plates ranging from thirty-two to thirty-five in number. The low-plate morph regarded as landlocked type is virtually absent. And no difference was recognized among six populations of G. aculeatus in the meristic chracters, i.e. number of vertebrae, gill rakers and finrays. The Pungitius sinensis and P.kaibarae ssp. shown local variations have scutes ranging from 31 to 35, but not clinal in the morphometric characters. But P.sinensis was statistically different from P.kaibarae ssp. in some characters such as the number of dorsal spine rays and vertebrae, and body depth, although their ranges overlapped. No significant taxonomic difference was detected between white from and black from in dorsal spinous membrane of P.kailbarae ssp. Although these three species of Korean sticklebacks have the same diploid chromosome number (2N=42), G. aculeatus is obviously different from the two species of genus Pungitius in their karyotype ; G. aculeatus consists of six metacentrics, six submetacentrics, and thiry subtelo-acrocentrics, and both P.sinensis and P.kaibarae ssp. have four metacentrics, six submetacentrics, and thirty-four subtelo-acrocentrics.