• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.175-180
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• 1992

Giant lymph node hyperplasia(Castleman's disease) is a rare disease, which represents a peculiar form of lymph node hyperplasia. Generally, it has been considered as benign and localized disease but recently, revealed malignant transformation in some cases of multicenteric form. It usually occurs on the mediastinum and occasionaly neck, lung, axilla, mesentery, broad ligament, retroperitoneum or soft tissue of extremities. Histopathologically, it is divided into hyaline vascular or plasma cell type and the former is characterized with prominent vascular proliferation and hyalinization in the central portion and tight concenteric layering of lymphocytes at the periphery of the fillicles(mantle zone) and the latter is characterized by a diffuse plasma cell proliferation in the interfollicular area. From the point of view of clinical presentation, it has been divided into solitary form, which presents as a localized mass located most commonly in the mediastinum, and multicenteric form, which occurs multiple location and has systemic manifestation arid transformation into malignancy. Herein we report a case of Giant lymph node hyperplasia occuring in the left spermatic cord in a 58-year old male with brief review of literatures.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2015

The mesothelium is an essential lining for maintaining the normal homeostasis of the closed body cavity and a central component of pathophysiologic processes. The mesothelium has been known as the end target for asbestos which induces asbestos-related lung diseases. Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare and fatal neoplasm predominantly due to asbestos exposure. Adaptation of an advanced and reliable technology is necessary for early detection of MM because it is difficult to diagnose this disease in its early stages. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides cross-sectional images of micro-tissue structures with a resolution of $2-10{\mu}m$ that can image the mesothelium with a thickness of ${\sim}100{\mu}m$ and, therefore, enable investigation of early development of MM. The mesothelium is typically located at the pleura and tunica vaginalis of the scrotum. In this study, we developed animal window models in the above two anatomical sites to visualize mesothelial layers within the mesothelium. OCT images at the two locations were also acquired.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.172-177
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• 2008

As a part of estimating quantitative radiation treatment doses, we produced a mathematical phantom based on the standard Korean male. Then, with the prostate as the source organ, we calculated the absorbed dose in the prostate and surrounding organs forecasted to occur during brachytherapy for prostate cancer. To simulate the procedure, we selected $^{25}I$ and $^{103}Pd$ useful in brachytherapy of the prostate as the radionucleids and made an assumption that 1 Ci of initial radioactivity is administered. As a result, we found that the prostate, as the source organ, indicated 101 Gy/Ci and 7.24 Gy/Ci, respectively, in case of $^{125}I$ and $^{103}Pd$. With the exception of the prostate, organs with high absorbed doses were found to be in the order of the penis and scrotum, sigmoid colon, testicles and the urinary bladder, which are relatively close to the prostate.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.185-188
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• 2009

A six-month-old Boston terrier presented with an extruded penis caudally, incompletely formed preputial sheath, bifid scrotum, retained testicle and deformity of the os penis. On physical examination, the urethral orifice was located on the surface of the perineum and a fibrous band was observed running from the grans to the urethral orifice on the perineum. The dog also had urethritis that was infected by ascending bacteria entering through the contaminated urethral orifice. Corrective surgery was undertaken to excise the external genitalia and retained testicle. The prepuce, penis and retained testicles were successfully excised. After the urethral orifice was cleaned periodically and antibiotics were administrated, recurrent urethritis disappeared. Using this therapeutic regime it is not necessary to reconstruct the anomaly located urethral orifice, if the location of urethral orifice is not the cause of recurrent urethritis and urinary incontinence.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.72 no.1
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• pp.72-76
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• 2012

We observed a very rare case of primary lung cancer producing alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). A 70-year-old male with a history of smoking 50 packs per year was diagnosed with large cell carcinoma of the lung. The clinical stage was T2bN3M0 (IIIB), and serum AFP was 23,247 ng/mL. There was no evidence of metastasis to the liver, scrotum or other organs. While undergoing chemotherapy for 1 year, as the cancer progressed the AFP value steadily increased. The patient died of respiratory failure due to pneumonia 12 months after being diagnosed with lung cancer.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.288-291
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• 2007

Hypospadias is a malformation in which the urethra open on the ventral side of the penis and its frequency is about from 0.3% to 0.5% male birth in human. It is considered a disorder both genetic and environmental factors involves in pathogenesis. A KNC(Korean native calf) showing symptoms of fusion defect of the male ventral urethra, penile defect, bifid scrotum and low body weigh was born. To prevent an ascending urinary tract infection, dermatitis and loss of hair, surgical operation was performed to make a genitals like a female. After the operation, the KNC got a regenerative hair and normal urination. However the KNC became anorexia, loss in weight and weak. Seventy days after birth, the KNC died. The view of autopsy was a yellowish hepatomegaly, hydronephrosis, closed ureter and complex disorder in interanl organ. The symptoms of hepatomegaly and hydronephrosis could be due to a fluid therapy as a consequence of ureter obstruction. The normal urination of the KNC before it got sick, suggested that ureter obstruction in the case of this KNC was formed at its postnatal growth stage.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.62-73
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• 1990

Recently ultrasound and scintigraphic study are most useful modality for diagnosis of scrotal diseases. They are able to determine the nature, anatomic extent of the lesion, and possible to differential diagnosis of the scrotal lesion. The ultrasound and scintigraphic findings were analyses in 59 patients of confirmed scrotal disease at Seoul Red Cross Hospital from June 1986 to Aug. 1989. The results were as follows. 1) Most patients were below the 30 years old age (69.4%), and most prevalent age was $11\sim30$ Yrs. in trauma, $31\sim40$ Yrs. in inflammation, and $51\sim60$ Yrs. in mass lesion of scrotum. 2) The diagnostic accuracy of scrotal disease was 94.9% in ultrasound and 72% in scintigraphic study. The ultrasound study showed high accuracy in all kind of scrotat disease, but scintigraphy showed only high detection rate in inflammatory disease. 3) Scrotal ultrasound is first choice of study for the diagnosis of scrotal lesion, and useful determine the cystic or solid lesion and anatomic extent of disease. However it can't be differentiate the acute epididymitis with acute testicular torsion. 4) Scrotal scintigraphy is useful study for the diagnosis of acute painful scrotal disease, and showed specific findings in acute epididymitis and acute torsion for differential diagnosis. 5) In consideration of age, history and clinical findings of patient, appropriate study will be chosen firstly in ultrasound and scintigraphy, and combined all of findings of these studies will be helpful for the accurate diagnosis and adequate treatment of scrotal disease.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.63 no.11
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• pp.415-421
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• 2020

Cryptorchidism or undescended testis is the single most common genitourinary disease in male neonates. In most cases, the testes will descend spontaneously by 3 months of age. If the testes do not descend by 6 months of age, the probability of spontaneous descent thereafter is low. About 1%-2% of boys older than 6 months have undescended testes after their early postnatal descent. In some cases, a testis vanishes in the abdomen or reascends after birth which was present in the scrotum at birth. An inguinal undescended testis is sometimes mistaken for an inguinal hernia. A surgical specialist referral is recommended if descent does not occur by 6 months, undescended testis is newly diagnosed after 6 months of age, or testicular torsion is suspected. International guidelines do not recommend ultrasonography or other diagnostic imaging because they cannot add diagnostic accuracy or change treatment. Routine hormonal therapy is not recommended for undescended testis due to a lack of evidence. Orchiopexy is recommended between 6 and 18 months at the latest to protect the fertility potential and decrease the risk of malignant changes. Patients with unilateral undescended testis have an infertility rate of up to 10%. This rate is even higher in patients with bilateral undescended testes, with intra-abdominal undescended testis, or who underwent delayed orchiopexy. Patients with undescended testis have a threefold increased risk of testicular cancer later in life compared to the general population. Self-examination after puberty is recommended to facilitate early cancer detection. A timely referral to a surgical specialist and timely surgical correction are the most important factors for decreasing infertility and testicular cancer rates.

• Investigative and Clinical Urology
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.416-421
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• 2018

Purpose: Few studies have explored the treatment of isolated communicating hydroceles via scrotal incision. We prospectively evaluated the surgical outcomes of such treatment in boys with hydroceles compared with that using traditional, inguinal incision hydrocelectomy. Materials and Methods: Of 347 boys aged 0-12 years who were diagnosed as hydrocele on ultrasonography, 173 boys were assigned to the scrotal incision hydrocelectomy group (group I, n=173) and 172 boys were assigned to the traditional inguinal incision hydrocelectomy group (group II, n=172), and finally 156 boys in group I and 156 boys in group II were included in this study. Surgical outcomes, including postoperative complications and hydrocele relapse rates, were compared between groups. Results: The overall success rates were similar in both groups (group I, 96.8%; group II, 89.1%; p=0.740). The operation time and hospital stay were significantly shorter in group I ($30.94{\pm}3.95minutes$ and $3.94{\pm}0.30days$) than in group II ($38.02{\pm}7.12minutes$ and $4.24{\pm}0.99days$; p<0.001 and p=0.009, respectively). The postoperative complication rate was lower in group I than in group II (3.2% vs. 10.9%, p=0.740). Conclusions: Scrotal incision hydrocelectomy in boys was associated with shorter operative time and hospital stay, and a lower postoperative complication rate, than was the inguinal incision approach. The scrotal incision technique might be an easy and effective alternative treatment when used to treat hydroceles in boys as well as inguinal incision approach.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.395-399
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• 2023

The knee arthritis patients are generally performed standing position radiography. However, patients with pain caused by degenerative diseases or injuries in the knee have difficulty maintaining a standing position. Therefore, this study aims to develop a knee joint standing weight bearing projection assist device to solve these problems when patients undergo knee radiography due to various diseases. The design of the knee joint weight-bearing radiography assist device is carried out with 3D design and drawing production to secure basic data, electric support and frame manufacture. A fixed device for maintaining the patient's knee standing weight-bearing projection, an electric digital height device, a digital protractor, and a safety device were designed. The arm support is made of PVC with a cushion to relieve the impact and make it easier to remove debris. The digital electric device can be moved up and down according to the patient's height, and a remote control is attached. The safety device is made to be adjustable in size by attaching metal hooks on both sides of the frame and to shield the scrotum. A digital protractor was attached to the side frame to set the desired knee angle. When a self-made assist device was used to perform a knee joint standing weight bearing projection, it helped maintain arm support and lower extremities position. In addition, the height could be adjusted using an assist device during standing projections, which helped the patient maintain the position.