• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was done for reporting the effect of scratching method on patients with positional vertigo. Methods : We investigated 22 cases of patients with dizziness, and devided patients into two groups : We treated one group by complex oriental medical treatment with scratching method therapy, and did the other group by complex oriental medical treatment without scratching method therapy. Korean version of dizziness handicap inventory at baseline and final were used for evaluating the effect of the treatment. Results : 1. In scratching method group and non-scratching method group, compared with baseline, at final, Korean version of dizziness handicap inventory was significantly decreased. 2. At final, scratching method group showed significant decrease on Korean version of dizziness handicap inventory compared with non-scratching method group. Conclusions : Scratching method showed significant improvement in dizziness.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was done for reporting the effect of scratching method on patients with peripheral facial palsy. Methods : We investigated 34 cases of patients with peripheral facial paralysis, and devided patients into two groups : We treated one group by complex oriental medical treatment with scratching method therapy, and did the other group by complex oriental medical treatment without scratching method therapy. gross grading system of House-Brackmann(HB score) and Yanagihara's unweighed grading system(Y score) at baseline and final were used for evaluating the effect of the treatment. Results : 1. In scratching method group and non-scratching method group, compared with baseline, at final, HB score was significantly decreased and Y score was significantly increased. 2. At final, scratching method group showed significant decrease on HB score and significant increase on Y score compared with non-scratching method group. Conclusions : scratching method showed significant improvement in peripheral facial palsy.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.102-112
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• 2001

단결정 실리콘의 기계적 손상거동에 대한 이해는 반도체 정밀가공의 관점에서 매우 중요하다. 최근 이루어지고 있는 Diamond Anvil Cell(DAC) 이나 압입시험을 통한 고압상연구로 부터 실리콘은 고압에서 일련의 상변화과정을 겪는다는 것이 알려지고 있으며 마찬가지로 실리콘에 다이아몬드 팁으로 scratching시험을 하는 과정에서 다양한 기계적인 손상과 응력상들이 나타날 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 단결정 실리콘에 대하여 scratching시험에 의하여 나 타나는 균열에 대하여 고찰하고 mirco-Raman 분광법을 사용하여 scratching에 의하여 나타나는 상을 분석하였다. 그 결과 scratching 방향과 속도에 따라 균열의 양상이 달라지며 scratching속도와 하중조건에 따라 여러가지 다른 상이 관찰됨을 확인하였다

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.104-108
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• 2003

스크래칭 시험(scratching test)을 이용하여 단결정 실리콘의 수직하중에 대한 마찰계수, AE(Acoustic Emission) 신호와 긁힌 자취의 미세균열을 관찰하고 그 결정구조를 분석하였다. 스크래칭 시험은 하중인가속도(loading rate)를 100N/min으로 하고 스크래칭 속도(scratching speed)를 1, 3, 6, 10mm/min의 4가지로 하여 최대 30N이 될 때까지 행하였다. 그 결과, 수직하중 또는 스크래칭 속도가 증가할 때 마찰계수, AE, 균열밀도는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 스크래칭, 자취에 대한 마이크로 라만 분광법을 이용한 결정구조 분석결과, 스크래칭 속도가 느린 조건에서 압력인가에 따른 실리콘의 다이아몬드 구조에서 다른 고압상의 구조로의 상전이 현상을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제20권2호통권33호
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• pp.142-150
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the latest study tendency in mouse model of skin pruritus published since 2005 and to arrange various experimental methods. Methods : We examined the journal(such as Experimental dermatology and British journal of dermatology) and in Pubmed since 2005, regarded pruritus and scratching behavior model as key words. Results and Conclusion : 1. BALB/c, hairless, NC/Nga and ICR mice were the most used in scratching behavior model. According to scratching-induced agents. we need to select experimental mice. 2. There are various methods inducing skin pruritus; by cohabitation with NC/Nga mice having severe skin lesions, by injection intradermally(or subcutaneously) with agent inducing inflammation, by inducing contact dermatitis with TNCB, TNFB, destruction of skin barrier and by transgenic mice. 3. Injection intradermally(or subcutaneously) with agent inducing inflammation is the most used out of methods inducing skin pruritus. Compound 48/80, histamine, substance P and others(chloroquine, serotonin, carrageenin, TPA etc.) were included in agents inducing inflammation and pruritus in skin pruritus model. 4. Video camera, SCLABA system, MicroAct and acoustic evaluation system were included in evaluation methods of scratching behavior mouse model.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1660-1663
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• 2005

Unwanted vibrations are inevitably induced in other directions when pure unidirectional vibration motion is desired for the vertical scratching mechanism. Pure vertical vibration motion of the scratching machine can be obtained by driving identical two motors with symmetrically positioned eccentric unbalance masses. The desired optimal condition for driving pure vertical vibration for the scratching machine is assumed to be the resonance condition in that direction. Imposing the flexibility of the scratching machine in the horizontal direction, we can find out the amount of horizontal vibration component while maintaining the resonance in vertical direction. The desired stiffness in horizontal direction which produces the minimum vibration in horizontal direction are defined which can be used as a guide line to design the supporting structure of the scratching machine.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose a new multi-purpose Scanning Force Microscope (SFM) system. The system can be used for nano/micro-scratching, in-process profile measurement, and observation of potential surface defects which occur during the scratching in air or liquid. Experimental results of nano/micro-scratching show that the smallest scratching depth can be controlled to be 10nm, which corresponds to the stability of the SFM system. Profile measurements of nano/micro-scratching surfaces have also been performed by the method of on-machine measurement and in-process measurement. Two measurement results were in good agreement with each other. The maximum difference was approximately 10 nm, which was mainly caused by the sampling repeatability error that influences the measurement accuracy Also, micro-defects on the micro-scratching surface were successfully detected by the SFM system. It was confirmed that the number of micro-defects increases when the surface is subjected to a cyclic bending load. The maximum depth was less than 100nm.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.215-220
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• 2004

Molecular Dynamics(MD) method was used to investigate the change of friction force due to interaction between dislocations and a grain boundary when a Ni tip was scratched on a Cu bicrystal. The substrate comprised a Cu bicrystal containing a vertical$\Sigma=5(210)$ grain boundary. The moving tip for scratching simulation was consisted of fixed Ni atoms emulating a rigid tip. The indentation depth was $3.6\AA$ and the scratching was performed along <110>direction in the first grain. As the scratching was continued, nucleation and propagation of dislocations were observed. In the early stage, the grain boundary played as a barrier to moving dislocations and interrupting further dislocation movement with no dislocation resulting in no propagation across the grain boundary. As the Ni tip approached the grain boundary, dislocations were nucleated at the grain boundary and propagated to the second grain. However, stick-slip phenomena that were observed on a single crystal scratching were not observed in the bicrystal. And, instead, irregular oscillation of friction force was observed during the scratching due to the presence of a grain boundary.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.142-149
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• 1994

두께가 0.30 mm, 0.27 mm인 3% 방향성 규소강판에서 표면 선긋기의 간격(39~1.22 mm)과 집합조직(texture) 방향에 대한 선긋기 각도의 변화($90^{\circ}~50^{\circ}$)에 따라 Barkhausen Noise를 측정하였다. 두께 0.27 mm의 시편에서 선긋기를 하지 않았을 때와 선긋기의 간격이 39 mm인 경우 에 대체로 Barkhausen noise envelope은 두개의 peak 현상을 보였으며, 그 현상은 $180^{\circ}$ 자구벽(domain wall)이 생성과 소멸과정을 거듭할 때 많은 activation energy가 필요함에 따른 것으로 설명할 수 있었다. 선긋기 횟수를 늘려감에 따라 즉 선긋기의 간격이 줄어듦에 따라 Barkhausen noise envelope의 크기값이 감소하였지만, 선간격 9.75 mm부터는 감소현상이 둔화되는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 선긋기 획수가 늘어남에 따라 선긋기 근처에서 $180^{\circ}$ 자구의 생성과 소멸이 쉽게 일어나기 때문에 Barkhausen Noise의 크기가 감소하는 것으로 설명할 수 있다. 이러한 현상은 0.30 mm의 시편에서도 유사하게 설명될 수 있었다. Barkhausen noise power는 선긋기 간격이 줄어듦에 따라 감소하였으며, 각도변화에 따른 결과는 $50^{\circ}$ 근처에서 가장 적은 값을 보였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2010년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.351-351
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• 2010

Nanoscale patterning using an atomic force microscope tip induced scratching was systematically investigated in AI thin film on 4H-SiC. To identify the effects of the scratch parameters, including the tip loading force, scratch speed, and number of scratches, we varied each parameters and evaluated the major parameter which has intimate relationship with the scale of patterns. In this work, we present the successful demonstration of nano patterning of Al thin film on a 4H-SiC substrate using an AFM scratching and evaluated the scratch parameters on Al/4H-SiC.