• Health Policy and Management
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.21-42
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• 2008

This study investigates economies of scale, cost complementarity and economies of scope for healthcare organizations using econometric approaches. The economies of scale appear to exist in each service provided by a hospital such as inpatient treatment services, outpatient treatment services, and other patient treatment services, respectively. When we test all services in aggregate level, it also indicates that the healthcare industry on average exhibits the economies of scale of 6 percent, which implies that scaling up hospital sizes will bring substantial cost savings to them Evidence shows that cost complementarity exists between outpatient services and other services for patients and, i.e., these other services for patients experience the reduction in marginal costs as the outputs of the outpatient services increase. For the economies of scope, they are present in most service areas; aggregate level services, outpatient services, and other services for patients, respectively. Inpatient treatment services, however, do not show any evidence of the economies of scope. Results show that the economies of scope are achieved by the general hospital type that provides all service areas such as inpatient treatments, outpatient treatments, and other services for patients. The existence of the economies of scope provides the rationale for extending the existing line of business in a hospital into more diverse areas of services where its benefit comes in the form of cost savings. In sum, it overall provides evidence that the M&As in this industry are encouraged to achieve cost reductions from the economies of scale and scope by changing the size and the output mix.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2004

Measuring performance of corporate information system has become one of the core issues in that development of the information system requires substantial amount of investments and the system works as a crucial leverage to enhance competitive edge. Most of the previous researches for performance of the information system have narrow and limited focus on such as the effect of user satisfaction and productivity. This paper suggests a model to measures the comprehensive performance which is classified as user scope (user involvement and satisfaction), operational scope (task productivity, task innovation, customer satisfaction, management control) and efficiency scope (financial performance), and to represent the relationship among the scopes by the path analysis model. Followings are conclusions from statistical hypothesis test of the model: (i) user involvement through user satisfaction has positive effect on all the performances in the operational scope, (ii) task innovation and customer satisfaction in the operational scope has statistically significant impact on financial performance but task productivity and management control do not. This conclusion indicates that task productivity and management control has the long term effect in nature, and evaluation of the information system has managerial implication when it Is measured in comprehensive performance which includes internal operational performances as well as financial performance.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.23-46
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• 2008

The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of business scope and technological capability on firm performance in SMEs. Existing studies on business scopes and technological capabilities have focused on the unilateral relationships with financial performances. This study examines the independent and interaction effects of business scopes and technological capabilities on financial performances of SMEs in capital industries. Based on 228 firm-level data, technological capabilities have positively significant impacts on performance. Business scope measured by product variety and number of buyers have been significantly positive relationships to financial performances. Also SMEs with technological capabilities can moderate the effects of business scope on their performances. However, the results show different relationships depending on measurements on business scope, technological capabilities and performance. The results provide interesting findings on strategic behaviors of SMEs when they pursue growth strategy through expanding business scopes and building technological capabilities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2012.06b
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• pp.101-103
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• 2012

지금까지 발표된 상호운용성 측정모델은 점대점(Point-to-Point)으로 단위시스템간 상호운용성을 평가하는 모델부터 네트워크중심(Network-Centric)의 복합시스템(System of Systems)간 상호운용성을 평가하는 모델까지 여러 모델들이 있다. 그중 SCOPE 모델은 네트워크중심의 복합시스템간 상호운용성을 평가하기 위한 모델이고, NCAT은 SCOPE기반의 상호운용성 평가 도구이다. 본 논문은 SCOPE를 기반으로 NCAT의 상호운용성 평가 방법과 다른 상호운용성 평가 방법론을 제시한다. 제시된 방법론은 SCOPE 모델을 기반으로 복합시스템의 상호운용성을 평가 할 때 서비스별 우선순위를 부여하지 않은 기존 방법과 달리 우선순위를 부여한 방법이다.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.187-205
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• 1999

Traditional analyses of patent system have considered innovations in isolation and precluded the technological interrelationships between innovations. Common feature of cumulativeness during the process of technological change, however, brings the scope of patent protection into the major policy concern and currently occupies the central position in recent patent reform controversy. This study surveys the recent developments in the economic analysis of patent scope with corresponding introduction to the legal perspectives regarding patent scope. Although the issue of patent scope is complex in nature and depends crucially upon technological environment and the nature of innovations, this study can enlarge the understanding of the pros and cons of patent scope policy, which will become increasingly disputable in the forth-coming era of specialized patent court in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.205-222
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• 2008

This study investigated scope relations between quantifier and focus which are represented in quantified sentences. In the sentence which has both strong quantifier and weak quantifier, one of them has a wide scope and a presuppositional reading, and the other which has a narrow one is interpreted non-presuppositionally. In Korean, when a weak quantifier is separated from VP in surface representation, whether it is a subject or an object, it has only a presuppositional reading. Therefore, there is no scope ambiguity in that sentence. However, when weak quantifier which is an object of transitive verb or a subject of transitive verb is sensitive to focus, it is available to non-presuppositional reading, so that the sentence seems to be ambiguous. Once even weak quantifier out of VP in the Surface structure is focused, it becomes to be in the scope of focus (focal phrase) which is formed in Logical form by a focus projection. And this scope of focus corresponds to a nuclear scope. That is to say, focus operates on the weak quantifier to be interpreted non-presuppositionally in a nuclear scope.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.567-572
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• 2012

This paper suggests the set-up plan of the assessment scope in road noise considering road characteristics with the prediction model of road noise. The RLS90 prediction model with some assumptions is used to establish the assessment scope of road noise. The main contents of the applied assumptions are smooth drive of cars, flat region, location of all noise sources in one lane, drive in design speed, and set-up of assessment scope according to traffic volume and car speed. The information of traffic volume to predict road noise is obtained by the distribution of small cars and full-sized cars in road. In this study, the total traffic volume in road is computed by adding the number of small cars to the conversion number of small cars, which means the number of small cars making the same noise as one full-sized car. The prediction result of road noise with the influence factor of traffic volume, car speed, distance between road and receiver is presented. The resultant assessment scope of road noise is obtained by combining road noise prediction data with the set-up standard of road noise assessment scope.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.671-680
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• 2018

Compared to the imagery produced by traditional satellites, PlanetScope satellite imagery has made it possible to easily capture remotely-sensed imagery every day through dozens or even hundreds of satellites on a relatively small budget. This study aimed to detect changed areas and update a land cover map using a PlanetScope image. To generate a classification map, pixel-based Random Forest (RF) classification was performed by using additional features, such as the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The classification result was converted to vector data and compared with the existing land cover map to estimate the changed area. To estimate the accuracy and trends of the changed area, the quantitative quality of the supervised classification result using the PlanetScope image was evaluated first. In addition, the patterns of the changed area that corresponded to the classification result were analyzed using the PlanetScope satellite image. Experimental results found that the PlanetScope image can be used to effectively to detect changed areas on large-scale land cover maps, and supervised classification results can update the changed areas.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.339-344
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• 2014

Purpose: This study relates to the development of the day and night scope using the reflecting surface of a BS (beam splitting) prism. Methods: We have placed the LCD panel and the dot reticle generator to the top and bottom of the reflecting surface of the BS prism, and have placed a reflector, which is designed to doublet type, in the front of the BS prism. Doing so, we have developed a new type of day and night scope, which is able to image the virtual image of dot reticle from the dot reticle generator to the direction of the observer, to make the observer survey the peripheral information of the outside target by 1x magnification, and to make the observer survey the image of the LCD panel directly. Results: We could develope a new type of day and night scope, which has the function of night scope as thermal image display device at night time and the function of day scope as dot sight at day time, by letting the reflective surface of the BS prism have the role of dot sight which reflects the dot reticle and have the role of reflective optical system by which the observer surveys the night thermal image displayed in LCD panel. Conclusions: In this study, we have developed the new type of day and night scope which is able to play the role of the day or night scope selectively, combining the existing dot sight and the existing night scope by using the BS prism. By doing so, we could design and fabricate the new type of day and night scope with the BS prism which can further increase the rapidity of firing and provide more convenience in the mounting of a firearm than the detachable combination of an existing dot sight and an existing night scope.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.2072-2075
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• 2000

While object-oriented models are effective in achieving sharing and code reusability, they unfortunately lack a mechanism for giving scope to objects. We revisit an object-oriented model in which each object can be given a scope. We illustrate the usefulness of this model by showing that it supports the notion of parameterized modules without difficulty.