• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.365-374
• /
• 2021

White rot or stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the most destructive fungal diseases that have become a serious threat to the successful cultivation of oilseed Brassicas. The study was designed with an aim to investigate the association between the pathogenic aggressiveness and pathogenicity determinants of this pathogen specifically in Brassica for the first time. For this, a total of 58 isolates of S. sclerotiorum from different geographical regions were collected and purified. These isolates were inoculated on a Brassica juncea cv. RL-1359 and they exhibited high level of variation in their disease progression. The isolates were grouped and then 24 isolates were selected for the biochemical analysis of pathogenicity determinants. The isolates varied significantly with respect to their total organic acids, oxalic acid production and pectin methyl esterase and polygalacturonase activity. The oxalic acid production corresponded to the disease progression of the isolates; the isolates with higher oxalic acid production were the more aggressive ones and vice-versa. This is, in our knowledge, the first study to establish a correlation between oxalic acid production and pathogenic aggressiveness of S. sclerotiorum on B. juncea. However, the pectinases' enzyme activity did not follow the trend as of disease progression. These suggest an indispensable role of oxalic acid in pathogenicity of the fungus and the potential to be used as biochemical marker for preliminary assessment of pathogenic aggressiveness of various isolates before incorporating them in a breeding program.

• 식물병연구
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.114-123
• /
• 2024

In July 2022, stem rot symptom was found in a peony plant grown in a pot under a greenhouse at Jinju, Gyeongnam Province, South Korea. Two fungal species were isolated from the infected peony stems and cultured on 1/2-strength potato dextrose agar for identification. The morphological characteristics of the fungal isolates were examined, and nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region, β-tubulin and translation elongation factor 1-α were analysed. The pathogenicity of the two isolates was confirmed in detached peony leaves, according to Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the report of Neopestalotiopsis clavispora and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as the causal agents of peony stem rots. Antifungal activity of chemical fungicide propineb and rhizobacterium Bacillus siamensis H30-3 was shown against the two plant pathogenic fungi N. clavispora and S. sclerotiorum.Unidentified diffusible and volatile compounds from B. siamensis H30-3 could suppress in vitro mycelial growths of N. clavispora JJ 8-2-1 and S. sclerotiorum JJ 8-2-2.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.225-230
• /
• 2014

상추재배시 문제가 되고 있는 균핵병과 시들음병에 대한 미생물 방제제 개발을 위하여 병해가 발생된 상추 포장에서 미생물을 분리하고, 길항미생물을 선발하여 균의 특성을 조사하고 균핵병에 대한 예방효과를 검정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 경기도 주요 상추 재배지에서 균핵병은 10월부터 발생하여 다음해 5월까지 발생하였으며, 12월에는 최대 40%까지 발생하여 피해를 주고 있었다. 균핵병과 시들음병에 모두 억제효과가 있는 균주를 대치배양을 통해 선발하였다. 선발됨 균주는 Vitek 2의 BCL카드를 이용한 생화학적반응과 형태적 확인, 16s rRNA 분석을 통해 동정한 결과 Bacillus subtilis로 동정되었고 B. subtilis GG95로 명명하였다. B. subtilis GG95의 배양특성을 조사한 결과 온도 $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$, 산도 7의 배양조건에서 배양이 잘 되었으며, 배양에 적정한 영양원은 탄소원 전분, 질소원 tryptone과 yeast extract를 무기염류 $MgCl_2$를 사용하였을 때 가장 잘 되었다. 영양원에 따라 균핵병과 시들음병에 대한 길항효과가 좋은 탄소원은 fructose, maltose였고 질소원은 peptone였으며, 무기염류는 균핵병은 $CaCl_2$, $K_2HPO_4$, 시들음병은 $MgSO_47H_2O$로 병원균에 대한 길항효과가 차이가 있었다. 상추 균핵병에 대한 B. subtilis GG95의 포장검정 결과 $1{\times}10^8cfu/mL$ 농도의 길항미생물 배양액을 포기당 10 mL씩 3회 관주하고 균핵병원균을 접종한 후 균핵병의 발병정도를 조사한 결과 88% 방제효과가 나타났다.

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생명과학회 2003년도 제39회 학술심포지움
• /
• pp.73-74
• /
• 2003

• 식물병연구
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.113-122
• /
• 2018

Ripe rot, Botrytis storage rot and Sclerotinia rot are major fungal diseases that lead to deterioration of fruit quality in Korea. Ripe rot, which is caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea, affects harvested fruits during post-storage ripening, while Botrytis storage rot, caused by Botrytis cinerea, affects harvested fruits during cold storage, and Sclerotinia rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, mainly affects immature fruits on the trees. Major fungal fruit rots tend to affect yellow- and red-fleshed cultivars of kiwifruit more severely because of the sharp increase in their cultivation acreage in recent years in Korea. In this review, we summarize symptoms and epidemiological characteristics of the major fungal fruit rots and propose integrated management methods of the diseases that can be practically utilized at the farmers' orchards in order to prevent the diseases based on our research works and field experiences and the research works of others conducted during the last three decades worldwide.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.30-35
• /
• 2002

The hyphal growth and biocontrol efficacy of Trichodemo harzianum in soil may depend on its interactions with biotic components of the soil environment. The effect of soil microbial biomass on growth and biocontrol efficacy of T. hanianum isolate ThzIDl-M3 (green fluorescent protein transformant) was investigated using artificially prepared different levels of soil microbial biomass (153,328, or 517ug biomass carbon per g of dry soil; BC). The hyphal growth of T. harzanum was significantly inhibited in the soil with 328 or 517 $\mu$g BC compared with 153 ug BC. When ThzIDl-M3 was added to the soils as an alginate pellet formulation, the recoverable population of ThzIDl-M3 varied, but the highest population occurred in 517ug BC. Addition of alginate pellets of ThzIDl-M3 to the soils (10 per 50 g) resulted in increased indigenous microbial populations (total fungi, bacterial fluorescent Pseudomonas app., and actinomycetes). Furthermore, colonizing ability of ThzIDl-M3 on sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was significantly reduced in the soil with high revel of BC. These results suggest that increased soil microbial biomass contributes to increased interactions between introduced T. harzianum and soil microorganisms, consequently reducing the biocontrol efficacy of 1T. harzianum.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.378-383
• /
• 2020

The objective of this research was introduction of chit42 to tuber mustard plants through Agrobacteriummediated transformation against white mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The binary plasmid pGisPEC1 was used in this study. Polymerase chain reaction analysis detected the transgene in 27 transformants with a transformation efficiency of 6.9%. Southern blot test was used to assess the copy number of transgene in tuber mustard plants. One, two, two, and two chit42-related bands were observed in the transformed lines TMB4, TMB7, TMB12, and TMB18, respectively. Enzymatic tests showed a significant increase in the activity of endochitinase in protein isolated from leaf tissues of chit42 transgenic 75-day tuber mustard lines. The pathogenicity of three pathogen isolates was tested on the leaves of transformed plans. The results of current study showed that expression of the gene chit42 in tuber mustard plants markedly reduced infection radius on the leaves 7 days after inoculation with the fungus.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.692-695
• /
• 2005

도꼬마리의 ether 및ethyl acetate 추출물이 식물병원성 진균에 대한 항 진균활송을 측정한 결과, ether와 ethyl acetate 추출물은 P. capsici, S. sclerotiorum과 A. niger에 높은 항 진균활성을 나타내었다. 또한 S. sclerotionum에 대한 ether 추출한 도꼬마리의 $IC_{50}$은 $335{\mu}g/ml$로 계산되었다. TCL plate상에서 Rf 값이 0.87밴드에서 강한 항 진균활성을 나타냈다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.185-190
• /
• 2012

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a serious pathogen which causes yield loss in many dicotyledonous crops including potato. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of biofumigation using three Brassica crops including Brassica napus, B. juncea and B. campestris against potato stem rot caused by S. sclerotiorum by in vitro tests. Both macerated and irradiated dried tissues were able to reduce radial growth and sclerotia formation of five pathogen isolates on PDA, but macerated live tissues were more effective. Compared with other tested crops, B. juncea showed more inhibitory effect against the pathogen. The volatile compounds produced from macerated tissues were identified using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. The main identified compounds were methyl, allyl and butyl isothiocyanates. Different concentrations of these compounds inhibited mycelial growth of the pathogen in vitro when applied as the vapor of pure chemicals. A negative relationship was observed between chemicals concentrations and growth inhibition percentage. In this study, it became clear that the tissues of local Brassica crops release glucosinolates and have a good potential to be used against the pathogen in field examinations.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
• /
• pp.102.2-103
• /
• 2003

This studies were investigated the occurrence of Sclerotinia rot by Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum at the lettuce field in Uiryeong-Gun, Gyeongsangnam-Do and were isolated the most effective microorganism for the biological control to the pathogen, S. sclerotiorum YR-1 strain from diseased soil and lettuce leaves. For the pathogenicity test, the most suitable inoculmn density of YR-1 strain was selected as the mycelial suspension of 40m1 showing disease incidence of 80％, and the symptom showed as same as at the fields, the leaves and stem had rotten and developed white downy mycelial at the diseased lesion on the leaves and stems, and produced black and irregular sclerotinia. On the PDA dual test, about 300 isolates were examined the antifungal activity to the pathogen, YR-1 strain, and among them, A-2, A-7, and RH-4 strain were selected most effective antagonistic bacteria. At pots test, the control value of A-7 strain showed the highest value as 85％ which was more effective than that of others in a growth chamber. For the promotion of control effect, the selected 3 isolates were spayed on the lettuce leaves as a sole and/or mixed treatments in a growth chamber, the mixed treatment of A-7 and RH-4 strain showing the control value of 90％ was most effective than that of sole treatment with A-7 or RH-4 strain showing the control value of 80％, respectively and mixed treatment with A-2 and A-7 strain and A-2, A-7 and RH-4 strain. In addition, 3 bacteria re-isolated from diseased soils, and all of the selected 6 isolates investigated the control effect at pots in a growth chamber, According to the results, A-7 and Pro-EB 15 strain showed the control value of 91.0％ and 90.1％ respectively, and they were selected most effectual antagonistic bacteria to control lettuce sclerotinia rot and identified as the Bacillus mojanuinensis by 16s RNA analysis. This is the first report on the biological control using by B. mojanvinensis to the lettuce Sclerotinia rot.