• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.55-62
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• 2013

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to suggest a risk factor that significantly explains foreign currency risk premia. In recent years, some studies have found that the performance of the simultaneous consumption risk model improves considerably when tested on foreign currency portfolios, which are constructed based on the international interest rates differentials. However, this paper focuses on the long-run consumption risk factor. In our empirical research, we found that the real excess returns of high interest rate currency portfolios depreciate on average, when the future American long-run consumption growth rate appears low. This makes the high interest rate currency portfolios have relatively high risk premia. Meanwhile, the real excess returns of low interest rate currency portfolios appreciate on average, under the same conditions, which results in relatively low risk premia for these portfolios. Therefore, this long-run consumption risk factor might explain why low interest rate currencies do not appreciate as much as the interest rate differential, and why high interest rate currencies do not depreciate as much as the interest rate differential. Research design, data, methodology - In our explanation, we provide new evidence on the success of long-run consumption risks in currency risk premia by focusing on the long-run consumption risks borne by American representative investors. To uncover the hidden link between exchange rates and long-run consumption growth, we set the eight currency portfolios as our basic assets, which have been built based on the foreign interest rates of eighty countries. As these eight currency portfolios are rebalanced every year, the first group always contains the lowest interest rate currencies, and the last group contains the highest interest rate currencies. Against these basic eight currency portfolios, we estimate the long-run consumption risk model. We use recursive utility framework and the stochastic discount factor that depends on the present value of expected future consumption growth rates. We find that our model is optimized in the two-year period of constructing the durable consumption expectation factor. Our main results surprisingly surpass the performance of the existing benchmark simultaneous consumption model in terms of R², relatively risk aversion coefficient γ, and p-value of J-test. Results - The performance of our model is superior. R², relatively risk aversion coefficient γ, and p-value of J-test of our long-run durable consumption model are 90%, 93%, and 65.5%, respectively, while those of EZ-DCAPM are 87%, 113%, and 62.8%, respectively. Thus, we can speculate that the risk premia in foreign currency markets have been determined by the long-run consumption risk. Conclusions - The aggregate long-run consumption growth risk explains a large part of the average change in the real excess returns of foreign currency portfolios. The real excess returns of high interest rate currency portfolios depreciate on average when American long-run consumption growth rate is low, and the real excess returns of low interest rate currency portfolios appreciate under the same conditions. Thus, the low interest rate currency portfolios allow investors to hedge against aggregate long-run consumption growth risk.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.198-215
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• 2012

Purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of creative science writing for interest of biology and scientific attitude on high school student. Creative science writing is a learning method to enhance comprehension and expression of thinking of science contents related to daily life. 148 students were recruited and divided into two groups, experimental group were experience creative science writing lessons. On the other hand, contrary group were applied interest enhancement lessons excepted creative science writing activity. To investigate the effect of creative science writing, interest check of biology was used, and scientific attitude test was used to understand changes in student's scientific attitude. Experimental group had taught using creative science writing and their awareness of the instruction was analyzed with questionnaire. As a result of this study, the class based on creative science writing was effective in improving high school students' interest in biology and in particular it was helpful in promoting interest in biology and learning of biology. It suggested that the class based on creative scientific writing used a new teaching method unlike existing methods, caused them to have interest in the instruction by making them express their daily life freely not to memorize learning contents, applied learning contents to daily life through many kinds of writings and then enhanced their interest in biology. Indeed, the class based on creative science writing had the positive influence on changes in the scientific attitude of high school students. Since creative science writing is writing one's own idea through extensive thinking based on learning contents, it was effective in arranging the process of thinking and changing their scientific attitude into positive one. Consequently, it was concluded from the above results of the research that the teaching using creative science writing was available as the effective teaching methods to improve high school students' interest in biology and change their scientific attitude into positive one.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.485-500
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• 1999

The systematic forecast of interest rates with liberalization was on the rise to important problems in the money market. Liberalization and globalization of the money market produced a seriously change as a compatition among the money market. Profits of an organ of monetary circulation are, also, definitively influenced by a change of interest rates. Hence most of the organ of monetary circulation studied to a scientific and systematic analysis for deterministic factors which have an effect on interest rates and progress development of a forecasting model of interest rates. In this paper, we develope the forecasting system which has highly forecasting performance based on a number of time series models for interest rates and discuss practical use of this system.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.791-797
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated the influences of Integrated Science and Science Inquiry Experiment developed under 2015 Revised National Science Curriculum on students' interest in science, scientific attitude, views on STS, and the nature of science (NOS). 223 tenth graders in Seoul metropolitan area participated in this study. We conducted the survey prior to and after the Integrated Science and Science Inquiry Experiment course using same instruments and compared the results of the pre-test and post-test. The analyses of the results reveal that there were significant improvements in the scores of the pre- and post-test on the interest in science and scientific attitude. In the case of views on STS, there were significant improvements in items related to science research ethics, however there were no significant differences in the remaining items. Also, there were no significant differences in the scores of the pre- and post-test on views on NOS. On the bases of the results, we discuss educational implications and suggest further studies.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.209-217
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• 2017

Recently SW education has been emphasized in Korea, but many students do not have many opportunities to learn computer science. In this paper, I organized a computer science show to enhance interest and understanding of computer science. The computer science show consisted of understanding binary systems, send a text message, parity bit magic, finding a number card, and collecting colors (orange games). I applied the computer science show to elementary school students and looked at the results. Most of the students who participated in computer science shows did not have an "participation experience of computer science shows". As result of surveys, many students answered "I am interesting about computer science shows," "I am interested in computer science," and "I would recommend it to my friends nearby." Through research, I learned that computer science shows are a way for elementary students to draw interest in computer science and to create curiosity and interest in computer science. I found from research that computer science shows are a way to reduce students' learning burdens and to increase interest in computer science.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.878-887
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• 2002

This study was to explore lived experience of middle-aged women with aging. The ultimate purpose of this inquiry was to discover the essence of middle-aged women's experience of aging and to promote understanding. Method: This inquiry was performed by using Van Manen's hermeneutical phenomenological approach to make more plausible interpretation of experience. First-handed experiences were explored through multi-stage in-depth interview with 6 women aged between 40 and 64. Second- handed experiences were explored with text such as essay, novel, and photographs. Result: As the process of reflecting and analysing the data of experience were performed, essential themes were emerged: striking onset of event, discomfort and tired body and mind, everything in ones mind, age of harvest gaining much more than loss. Conclusion: This inquiry would be a cornerstone for humanistic nursing care for the mid-aged women.

• Journal of Research and Publication Ethics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2022

Purpose: A conflict of interest is defined broadly as a scenario in which one's responsibilities and self-interest collide in a manner that has a significant probability of corrupting one's discernments, motivations, actions, desires, values, and judgments. This study aims to investigate various cases of conflict of interest. Research design, data and methodology: Our study used the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) to identify resources. The eligibility of selected prior studies thoroughly was investigated whether they are suitable for the topic of present study. Finally, we collected total 15 previous studies published between 2000 and 2021. Results: Research findings indicate that there are three main cases that might cause a conflict of interest and mandated research ethics education might provide researchers with the tools to identify and battle the temptations and biases provided by conflicts of interest. Researchers could likely be better prepared for conflicts of interest if they investigated the moral difficulties associated with them in advance. Conclusions: Researchers might evade deliberate or unconscious detriment of duties, and also objectivity loss because of the siren song of self-interest by escaping situations whereby they may be tempted to shirk their responsibilities, not to remark the hassles of unveiling conflicts.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.399-409
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preference of image for modern application of Korean traditional patterns. A survey was conducted using the random selection among female undergraduate students in Daegu city. The degree of interest and preference in Korean traditional style or something like that measured by 5 scale method. And then they were classified into two groups which were interest/non-interest group, and preference/non-preference group. The image of Korean traditional patterns consisted of semantic differential scales. Frequency, percentage and mean were analyzed, for difference of groups t-test was analyzed. The results were as fellows; 1. For the degree of interest for Korean traditional patterns, it was showed that 53.8% of total respondents took interest and about 40.4% of them had preference for traditional patterns. the correlation coefficient of the degree of interest and preference was 0.782(p<0.01) and showed that the positive correlation was high. 2. Among 20 kinds of Korean traditional patterns, the degree of preference for the patterns of plants and nature was quite high whereas that for the patterns of geometrical things was low relatively. 3. It was evaluated that pattern of nature was fresh, refined and womanly image generally. It was evaluated that pattern of plants was womanly, fresh, weak, light and soft image and that of animals was heavy, splendid, high-class, manly, strong and positive image. It was evaluated that pattern of geometrical things was the most refined image and high-class, rigid and strong. 4. The statistical significance of mean between interest/non-interest group was showed statistically in the patterns of clouds, mountains, lotus, apricot, orchid, dragon, phoenix and bogey. In case of pattern of orchids, the degree of preference was most different between interest/non-interest group. 5. The pattern of plants showed the most different evaluation for images between interest/non-interest group. For refined/old-fashioned polar adjective images, the interest group evaluated the pattern of plants more refined. 6. For pattern of orchids, the difference of degree of preference between preference/non-preference group was most remarkable in Korean traditional patterns. 7. The pattern of geometrical things showed the most different evaluation for images between preference/non-preference group. For warm/cool polar adjective images, the preference group evaluated the pattern of geometrical things cooler.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.119-128
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• 2004

This project was carried out under the assumption that applying a science history program to a teaching-learning process would lead to students' increased interest in science and increase the development of their scientific process skills. The project aimed at designing an effective science history program which would help to improve students' scientific process skills, to enhance their interest in learning science, and to maintain their inquiry learning abilities. The survey for the activity objectives was produced by the authors. The test items used for testing students' scientific attitude and scientific process skills were created by Korea National University of Education. The survey about scientific perception indicated that there was a meaningful difference of p=0.005 before and after implementing this program. The survey about scientific interest shows that students became interested in science, science-learning and science-related activities after participating in the science history program. Students' scientific process sills increased by 9% after the program was implemented in the subjects' classes. This indicates that the science history program was effective in improving students' science scientific process skills. Since this project, which targeted 8th grade science education activities, has proven to be effective, developing other programs suitable for younger and older students seems promising, too.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2018

This study investigated consumer innovativeness by examining a relationship model of innate innovativeness, product interest, product-specific innovativenss, and actualized innovativeness for eight product items as well as observed gender differences in the variables. The eight product items for the survey were smartphones, movies, clothing, cars, skin care products/cosmetics, traveling, AI products, and books. An online survey was conducted in January 2018, and 400 responses from male and female consumers in their twenties and thirties, were analyzed using reliability test, descriptive statistics, regression, and ANCOVA. The positive effect of innate innovativeness and product interest on product-specific innovativeness, and positive effect of innate innovativeness and product-specific innovativeness on actualized innovativeness were confirmed. Product interest was found to have a stronger power on product-specific innovativeness than innate innovativeness. Gender differences in product interest, product-specific innovativeness, and actualized innovativeness were identified as hypothesized. Female consumer's clothing interest, clothing innovativenss, and actualized clothing innovativeness were higher than male consumers; in addition, male consumer's cars and AI interest, cars and AI innovativenss, and actualized cars and AI innovativeness were higher than female's. The controversial results that indicated the higher innate innovativeness of male consumers useful to further in-depth discussion and research. This study contributed to the theory construction of consumer innovativeness research areas and offered practical implications for new product launching and customer relationship management.