• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2001

Recently, introduced open education, there are some models applied several cooperative teaming, but there is no case in applied Jigsaw Ⅱ. So this research is selected objects which are 147 students in the fifth grade in 1999' school year and 143 students in 2000's on Yongwon elementary school. It makes share a partial responsibility for planner, leader, investigator, helper, writer and reporter in the small groups, and apply the Jigsaw Ⅱ model. Qualitative and quantitative analyses show that they have effects of Jigsaw Ⅱ cooperative Learning on Student's knowledge, inquiry ability and attitudes on Elementary School Science Study. The final results are following. The significance of Knowledge has .02 in 1999 and .01 in 2000. Testification of Inquiry ability has 1.75 in 1999 and 2.25 in 2000. The significance of Attitudes has .03 in 1999 and .00 in 2000. Research that has emerged from the cooperative teaming has led us to better understandings of multi purposed roles, interactions, and communities that arise when students work together to team science. Each of students can also cooperative as co-builders, working as equal participants to create a product that is better than that while would have built by either individual alone. Upon asking their intention, cooperative loaming shows more participation.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.349-360
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• 2018

This study analyzed variations of learning stress by comparing the salivary cortisol levels of students who participated in Earth Science inquiry activities. The cortisol concentrations between the pre- and post-inquiries of the sample of 34 university students, who had taken the course of 'Basic Earth Science and Experiments', were analyzed. The Earth Science inquiries consisted of geology and astronomy activities. The observational geology activities consisted of a session of 'structure contours and map patterns' and the cognitive astronomy activities consisted of a session of 'representations of horizontal and equatorial coordinates'. These Earth Science inquiry activities were found to cause students to have anxiety, and the thought processes that these activities involved were found to cause learning stress. The variations in cortisol concentrations of students increased by $1.6{\pm}5.9ng\;mL^{-1}$ after conducting observational activities in geology compared with $2.1{\pm}6.2ng\;mL^{-1}$ after doing cognitive activities in astronomy. The analysis of the observational activities in the geology inquiry activities indicated that they were consistent with low levels of learning stress. Conversely, the analysis of the cognitive activities in the astronomy inquiry activities showed significant individual variations in cortisol concentrations. Furthermore, individual differences in cognitive ability were reflected in the astronomy inquiry activities. While students, who received high scores, exhibited low levels of stress in the geology inquiry activities, they showed high levels of stress in the astronomy inquiry activities. It was concluded that, in the case of students with high scores in the study, the level of learning stress increased due to the raised anxiety in cognitive inquiry activities. In contrast, students, who received low scores in the study, exhibited high levels of stress in the geology inquiry activities, and low levels of stress in the astronomy inquiry activities.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.843-855
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• 2006

본 연구는 지구과학 탐구활동에서 그룹의 상호작용 양식에 따라 학생들의 반성적 탐구는 어떤 특징을 보이는지를 알아보고, 수업의 3가지 맥락들은 반성적 탐구활동에서 어떻게 관련되는지를 알아봄으로써 학생들의 반성적 탐구의 실제를 이해하고 반성적 탐구를 촉진하기 위한 탐구활동 수업의 시사점을 얻고자 하였다. 이를 위해 고등학교 1학년 1개 학급을 선정해서 본 연구에서 개발한 반성적 탐구활동수업을 실시하고 수업을 녹화 전사해서 언어행동분석틀과 수업상황의 3가지 맥락으로 분석하였다. 사전 검사를 통해 알아낸 학습자 특성을 기초로 그룹을 나누어 수업을 실시하였으며 면담을 실시하여 수업분석에 참고하였다. 반성적 탐구활동수업에서 그룹 상호작용양식에 따른 반성적 탐구의 차이는 조화적 상호작용양식을 보이는 그룹에서는 전개와 정리단계에서 자료와 과제맥락이 연결된 반성적 탐구가 자주 나타난 반면, 대립적 상호작용양식 그룹에서는 자료맥락과 연결된 반성적 탐구가 아주 드물고 반성적 탐구척도 값도 2 배 이상 낮게 나타났다. 즉 조화적 그룹이 양적으로 더 많은 반성적 탐구진술을 했으며 자료맥락과 과제맥락을 연결하는 더 의미 있는 반성적 탐구를 했다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 탐구능력과 인지양식에 있어서 이질그룹은 정의적 측면에서 대립적 상호작용양식을 보여 반성적 탐구에 가장 부정적인 영향을 끼쳤고, 인지양식과 탐구능력 모두에서 동질그룹은 조화적 상호작용양식을 보여 반성적 탐구에 긍정적인 영향을 주었다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로부터 반성적 탐구활동을 촉진시키기 위한 그룹조직의 시사점을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2007

초등학교 과학 영재들의 탐구 과제 수행 능력을 평가하기 위하여 대학 부설 영재교육원에 다니는 6학년 학생 56명을 대상으로 '먼지가 건강에 어떤 영향을 미치는가?'라는 주제에 대해 탐구하도록 하였다. 연구 과정에서 학생들로 하여금 제시된 주제에 대해 적절한 방법으로 탐구 과정을 설계하고 수행하여 그 결과를 제시하도록 하였다. 학생들의 보고서를 분석하기 위해 자료 조사, 예상, 탐구 설계 및 수행, 결과 제시, 결론 도출의 5개 항목에 대한 평가 기준과 채점 기준을 개발하였다. 보고서 분석결과, 학생들은 탐구 과정 중 자료 조사 활동 능력이 가장 우수했으며, 예상 활동, 탐구 설계 및 수행, 결과 제시, 탐구 결과 및 결론 도출의 순으로 능력의 차이가 나타났다. 구체적인 연구 결과를 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자료 조사와 같은 기본적인 탐구 능력은 뛰어나지만 탐구 설계 및 수행, 결과 제시, 탐구 결과 및 결론 도출 등 높은 수준의 탐구능력은 부족했다. 둘째, 학생들은 자료 조사 활동에서 유난히 뛰어난 능력을 발휘하였는데, 이것은 정보화 사회의 발전에 따라 학생들의 기본적인 정보활용 능력이 향상되었기 때문으로 판단된다. 셋째, 외부에서 접한 정보를 인용하거나, 재활용은 할 수 있으나, 탐구 결과 및 결론 도출에 대한 채점 결과에서 볼 수 있듯이 그것을 자신의 것으로 소화하여 자신의 주장을 펼치는 능력은 상당히 부족하다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.271-280
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• 2006

In this paper, an Online Scientific Inquiry Learning System was developed with the aim of improving student's scientific literacy and scientific inquiry ability. It was determined that there should be 4 distinct principles applicable to the design of the Learning system. First, it should enrich learner's motivation. Second, it should provide students with the chance for reflecting on the inquiry process. Third, it should emphasize multi-dimensional forms of interaction. Fourth, students should be able to create new information through it. The server system including the database, equation editor, reporting tool, search engine were all utilized for developing the learning system. In addition, the authors produced 24 web-based projects which were guided inquiry activities in which various inquiry abilities (reasoning, prediction, experiment design) could be developed. An Online Scientific Inquiry Learning System is not the only program which could be utilized in improving scientific inquiry abilities, but at the very least, such a system can serve as the prototype for developing an online learning system.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.301-311
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to construct a structural equation model and to analyze causal relationships among variables related to attitudes to science using structural equation modeling(SEM) with LISREL VII. The sample consisted of 483 10th grade boys from a general high school in Pusan, Korea. The questionnaires (ABC-attitude scale: affection, behavioral intention, cognition scale of attitude towards science) were developed by the researcher through a pilot study. And other instruments have modified previous ones. Five instruments were used in this study: GALT(group assessment of logical thinking), MTSlS(modified test of science inquiry skill), ABC-attitude scale, MSAS(modified scientific attitude scale), CSAT(common science achievement test). Structural equation modeling with LISREL VII($J\ddot{o}reskog$ & $S\ddot{o}rbom,$ 1993) was employed to estimate the causal inferences about hypothesized relationships among observed data sets. Three competing models consisted of five latent variable(scientific thinking ability, science inquiry skill, attitude towards science, scientific attitude, science achievement) - lP(inquiry preceding) model, AP(attitude preceding) model and AM(attitude mediating) model - were developed. Among these competing models, IP model satisfied the observed data sets. The causal relationships among "attitudes to science" and other latent variables were reliably identified. According to the results of the present study, science inquiry skill was the most significant variable that can predict science achievement. But scientific thinking ability has not directly influenced science achievement. This study suggests that inquiry based teaching-learning processes should be offered to students for improvement of science achievement. At the same time, it seems to be important to develop positive attitude towards science. Understanding of relationships among variables related to attitudes to science will be helpful to the development of science curriculum and to the design of science teaching and learning process. LISREL has been recognized as a useful approach in testing a SEM. However, in this study, LISREL approach was estimated as much more useful method for research design.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.194-204
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• 2004

The purpose of this literature review is to investigate what kinds of research have been done about scientific inquiry in terms of scientific argumentation in the classroom context from the upper elementary to the high school levels. First, science educators argued that there had not been differentiation between authentic scientific inquiry by scientists and school scientific inquiry by students in the classroom. This uncertainty of goals or definition of scientific inquiry has led to the problem or limitation of implementing scientific inquiry in the classroom. It was also pointed out that students' learning science as inquiry has been done without opportunities of argumentation to understand how scientific knowledge is constructed. Second, what is scientific argumentation, then? Researchers stated that scientific inquiry in the classroom cannot be guaranteed only through hands-on experimentation. Students can understand how scientific knowledge is constructed through their reasoning skills using opportunities of argumentation based on their procedural skills using opportunities of experimentation. Third, many researchers emphasized the social practices of small or whole group work for enhancing students' scientific reasoning skills through argumentations. Different role of leadership in groups and existence of teachers' roles are found to have potential in enhancing students' scientific reasoning skills to understand science as inquiry. Fourth, what is scientific reasoning? Scientific reasoning is defined as an ability to differentiate evidence or data from theory and coordinate them to construct their scientific knowledge based on their collection of data (Kuhn, 1989, 1992; Dunbar & Klahr, 1988, 1989; Reif & Larkin, 1991). Those researchers found that students skills in scientific reasoning are different from scientists. Fifth, for the purpose of enhancing students' scientific reasoning skills to understand how scientific knowledge is constructed, other researchers suggested that teachers' roles in scaffolding could help students develop those skills. Based on this literature review, it is important to find what kinds of generalizable teaching strategies teachers use for students scientific reasoning skills through scientific argumentation and investigate teachers' knowledge of scientific argumentation in the context of scientific inquiry. The relationship between teachers' knowledge and their teaching strategies and between teachers teaching strategies and students scientific reasoning skills can be found out if there is any.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2014

이 연구에서는 중등 교육과정의 실험을 수행하는 과정에서 예비과학교사의 논증구조를 분석함으로써 예비과학교사의 탐구 능력과 탐구에 대한 인식을 조사하고자 한다. 사범대학교 4학년에 재학 중인 예비과학교사 9명을 대상으로 하였으며, 중학교 1학년 과학교과서의 상태변화에 관한 실험을 수행하였다. 예비교사들의 실험 보고서는 Toulmin의 논증구조를 분석틀로 분석되었다. 또한 설문지를 통해 과학과 실험에 대한 인식조사를 하였으며, 반구조화된 면담을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 예비교사들의 논증에는 과학지식의 결핍, 탐구 능력 미흡, 오차에 대한 신념, 추가 근거자료가 영향을 미쳤다. 이러한 연구결과를 통해 예비교사들의 실험 탐구능력 수준은 미흡하며, 예비교사 교육과정을 재구성하여 교사교육 프로그램을 통해 탐구 실험을 경험할 수 있는 기회를 제공할 필요가 있다고 주장하였다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 1995

The purposes of the 'Students' Science Inquiry Experiment Tournament' which is one of the 'Students' Science Inquiry Olympic Tournaments' are; 1) cultivate students' intellectual interests, inquiry abilities, and scientific attitude dealing with students' scientific reasoning abilities, problem solving abilities, and experimental apparatuses operation abilities. 2) contribute substantiality of science education through experimental inquiry learning. 3) make the ground of basic science development of the future society by selecting excellent students who have talents for science. 4) elevate science teachers' morale by this tournament. The test items set and evaluation results of the tournament were analysed in this study. The results of this study were ; 1) the discrimination ability of the paper-and pencils test and the experiments were low because the students' scores of the items were not normally distributed and standard deviations were very small values. 2) most of the tournament participation students did not answered to the subjective type test items. 3) according to the responses of the tournament participation students, the tournament contribute to the students' interests in science. But the opinion was dominant that the tournament didn't contribute to school science education improvement.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.658-666
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• 2014

이 연구의 목적은 예비과학교사의 논의 중심 과학 탐구에 대한 이해와 인식을 알아보는 것이다. 대도시 소재 사범대학 과학교육과에서 예비과학교사 17명을 대상으로 화학교과교재 및 연구법 수강이전과 이후에 실시한 서술형 설문과 사후개별 면담 자료를 연속적 비교분석법으로 분석하였다. 사후 설문 및 면담에서 과학 탐구의 중요한 요소로서 논의를 언급하고, 탐구 문제에 대한 주장과 근거를 협상하는 과정으로서 논의의 역할을 이해하는 예비과학교사의 수가 사전보다 늘어났다. 예비과학교사들은 논의가 강조된 탐구 중심 과학 수업의 중요성을 인식함에도 불구하고 여러 가지 어려움과 문제점에 대한 우려를 하고 있었다. 사전에는 학생들의 소극적인 논의 참여를 어려움으로 인식하는 반면, 사후에는 예비교사 자신의 수업지도안 계획 또는 학생들의 논의를 안내하는 어려움에 대하여 언급하는 경우가 많았다.