• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.183-189
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• 2018

The plant hormone auxin regulates the overall metabolic processes essential for plant growth and development. Auxin signaling is mediated by early auxin response genes, which are classified into three major families: AUXIN/INDOLE ACETIC ACID (AUX/IAA), GRETCHEN HAGEN3 (GH3) and SMALL AUIN UP RNA (SAUR). The SAUR gene family is the largest family among early auxin response genes and encodes the small and highly unstable gene products. The functional roles of SAUR genes have remained unclear for many years. The traditional genetic and molecular studies on the SAUR functions have been hampered by their likely genetic redundancy and tandem arrays of highly related genes in the plant genome, together with the molecular characteristics of SAUR. However, recent studies have suggested possible roles of SAUR in a variety of tissues and developmental stages in accordance with the novel approaches such as gain-of-function and RNA silencing techniques. In this review, the recent research progress on the functional roles and regulatory mechanisms of SAUR and a set of possible future works are discussed.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2013

Auxin is a key plant hormone which regulates overall plant growth development. A number of researches to investigate auxin signaling identified three major classes of early auxin response genes: AUX/IAA, GH3 and SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR). Among these genes, in planta functions of SAUR gene family are largely ambiguous, while both AUX/IAA and GH3 genes are analyzed to mediate negative feedback on auxin response. SAUR genes encode small plant-specific proteins. SAUR gene products are highly unstable and transiently expressed in the tissue- and developmental-specific manners in response to auxin and various environmental stimuli. In the decades, molecular and genetic approaches to elucidate in planta functions of SAURs have been hampered by several factors such as the unstable molecular features and functional redundancy among them. However, a series of recent studies focusing on several subgroups of SAUR gene family made significant progress in our understanding of its biochemical and physiological functions. These works suggest that many SAUR proteins mainly regulate auxin-related cell expansion and auxin transport. In this review, the recent progress in SAUR research and prospects for crop improvement through its genetic manipulation are discussed.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.249-256
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• 1996

Beet curly top virus is the DNA virus that is providing useful for basic studies of the infection of Arabidopsis thaliana with viral host and provides a system for studying both resistance and the molecular basis of symptom development. An importnat aspect of symptom development observed in BCTV-infected A. thaliana (ecotype Sei-O) was the induction of cell division on phloem and surrounding cortex cells. Analysis of the expression of GUS reporter gene activity in transgenic plants containing constructs with promoter of the auxin-inducible saur gene showed that saur promoter activity was induced concomitantly in symptomatic tissues at the inflorescence shoot tips of the transgenic lines. The auxin sensitivity tests showed that hypersusceptible ecotype, Sei-O produced more amounts of callus than susceptible ecotype, Col-O. These studies indicated that changes in auxin concentration were involved in the induction of cell division in BCTV-infected plants and clearly demonstrated that there was a strong correlation between auxin-induced gene expression and the activation of cell division.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.405-410
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• 2016

Auxins are essential in plant growth and development. The auxin-stimulated elongation of plant cells has been explained by the "acid-growth theory", which was proposed forty years ago. According to this theory, the auxin activates plasma membrane $H^+-ATPase$ to induce proton extrusion into the apoplast, promoting cell expansion through the activation of cell wall-loosening proteins such as expansins. Even though accepted as the classical theory of auxin-induced cell growth for decades, the major signaling components comprising this model were unknown, until publication of recent reports. The major gap in the acid growth theory is the signaling mechanism by which auxin activates the plasma membrane $H^+-ATPase$. Recent genetic, molecular, and biochemical approaches reveal that several auxin-related molecules, such as TIR1/AFB AUX/IAA coreceptors and SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR), serve as important components of the acid-growth model, phosphorylating and subsequently activating the plasma membrane $H^+-ATPase$. These researches reestablish the four-decade-old theory by providing us the detailed signaling mechanism of auxininduced cell growth. In this review, we discuss the recent research progress in auxin-induced cell elongation, and a set of possible future works based on the reestablished acid-growth model.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.53-67
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• 2013

In this study, ageing characteristics of an industrial hollow-fiber membrane module were investigated after 50 months of drinking water production. For this purpose, the industrial module was opened to make 18 smaller modules with hollow-fibers taken from different parts of the industrial module. These modules were probed by the use of a magnetic nanoparticle (NP) challenge test based on magnetic susceptibility (K) measurement of permeate. No magnetic susceptibility was detected in permeate when the challenge test was performed on an intact membrane module, indicating the complete retention of nanoparticles by the membrane. The compromised membrane module can be successfully detected by means of magnetic susceptibility measurement in permeate. So, this study clearly demonstrates that ageing of ultrafiltration membranes can be monitored by measuring the magnetic susceptibility of permeate from an ultrafiltration membrane module. These results showed that the hollow fibers in the center zones of the bundle would age faster than those in the outer zones around the bundle. This result is in agreement with numerical simulation (Daurelle et al. 2011).

• Corrugated packaging logistics
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• s.77
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• pp.95-101
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• 2008

이 매뉴얼에는 놀라운 기술적 비밀 또는 특허가 될 만한 정보가 있는 것은 아니다. 대부분의 정보는 골판지 산업계 내에서 수십년 동안 존재해왔던 것들이다. 이 메뉴얼은 단지 현재 존재하고 있는 이런 정보들을 군에서 사용되는 유지관리 시스템에 맞추어 하나의 논리적인 형식으로 압축한 것에 지나지 않는다. 하지만 이 매뉴얼이 나오기 까지 물신양면으로 도움을 주신 몇몇 분들에게 감사를 전하고자 한다. 첫 번째로 미육군에 감사하고 싶다. 유지관리 초년장교로서 나는 심지어 가장 오래된 골동품인 1959년형 2.5톤 트럭조차도 수 십년간 최적의 수준으로 달리게 만드는 미육군의 매우 조직적이고 단순한 유지관리 시스템을 보고 매우 놀랐었다. 이 매뉴얼 안에 있는 조직적인 틀은 그러한 경험의 산물이다. 나에게 많은 훈련을 시켜 주었고 정보를 준 웨스트베코사(Westvaco Corporation)의 짐버트(Jim Burt)에게 감사하지 않을 수 없다. 이 책에 소개되어 있고 현재 골판지 산업계에서 사용되는 조정에 관한 대부분의 정보는 스톤 컨테이너사(Stone container corporation)의 던드래쥐(Don Drage)의 공이 크다. 이외의 정보는 종이판지 포장잡지(Paperboard packaging magazine)의 에드릴레이(Ed Riley)와 같은 지도자에 의해 쓰여진 기사들에서 얻어진 것이다. L.A. 사우어사(L.A. Saur Corporation)와 같은 장비와 부품회사들 또한 그들 전문분야에서의 가장 최신의 정보를 제공해 주었음을 밝히는 바이다.

• Corrugated packaging logistics
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• s.78
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• pp.83-89
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• 2008

이 매뉴얼에는 놀라운 기술적 비밀 또는 특허가 될 만한 정보가 있는 것은 아니다. 대부분의 정보는 골판지 산업계 내에서 수십년 동안 존재해왔던 것들이다. 이 메뉴얼은 단지 현재 존재하고 있는 이런 정보들을 군에서 사용되는 유지관리 시스템에 맞추어 하나의 논리적인 형식으로 압축한 것에 지나지 않는다. 하지만 이 매뉴얼이 나오기 까지 물신양면으로 도움을 주신 몇몇 분들에게 감사를 전하고자 한다. 첫 번째로 미육군에 감사하고 싶다. 유지관리 초년장교로서 나는 심지어 가장 오래된 골동품인 1959년형 2.5톤 트럭조차도 수 십년간 최적의 수준으로 달리게 만드는 미육군의 매우 조직적이고 단순한 유지관리 시스템을 보고 매우 놀랐었다. 이 매뉴얼 안에 있는 조직적인 틀은 그러한 경험의 산물이다. 나에게 많은 훈련을 시켜 주었고 정보를 준 웨스트베코사(Westvaco Corporation)의 짐버트(Jim Burt)에게 감사하지 않을 수 없다. 이 책에 소개되어 있고 현재 골판지 산업계에서 사용되는 조정에 관한 대부분의 정보는 스톤 컨테이너사(Stone container corporation)의 던드래쥐(Don Drage)의 공이 크다. 이외의 정보는 종이판지 포장잡지(Paperboard packaging magazine)의 에드릴레이(Ed Riley)와 같은 지도자에 의해 쓰여진 기사들에서 얻어진 것이다. L.A. 사우어사(L.A. Saur Corporation)와 같은 장비와 부품회사들 또한 그들 전문분야에서의 가장 최신의 정보를 제공해 주었음을 밝히는 바이다.

• Corrugated packaging logistics
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• s.74
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• pp.102-109
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• 2007

이 매뉴얼에는 놀라운 기술적 비밀 또는 특허가 될 만한 정보가 있는 것은 아니다. 대부분의 정보는 골판지 산업계 내에서 수십 년 동안 존재해왔던 것들이다. 이 매뉴얼은 단지 현재 존재하고 있는 이런 정보들을 군에서 사용되는 유지관리 시스템에 맞추어 하나의 논리적인 형식으로 압축한 것에 지나지 않는다. 하지만 이 매뉴얼이 나오기 까지 물신양면으로 도움을 주신 몇몇 분들에게 감사를 전하고자 한다. 첫 번째로 미육군에 감사하고 싶다. 유지관리 초년장교로서 나는 심지어 가장 오래된 골동품인 1959년형 2.5톤 트럭조차도 수 십년간 최적의 수준으로 달리게 만드는 미육군의 매우 조직적이고 단순한 유지관리 시스템을 보고 매우 놀랐었다. 이 매뉴얼 안에 있는 조직적인 틀은 그러한 경험의 산물이다. 나에게 많은 훈련을 시켜 주었고 정보를 준 웨스트베코사(Westvaco Corporation)의 짐버트(Jim Burt)에게 감사하지 않을 수 없다. 이 책에 소개되어 있고 현재 골판지 산업계에서 사용되는 조정에 관한 대부분의 정보는 스톤 컨테이너사(Stone container corporation)의 던드래쥐(Don Drage)의 공이 크다. 이외의 정보는 종이판지 포장잡지(Paperboard packaging magazine)의 에드릴레이(Ed Riley)와 같은 지도자에 의해 쓰여진 기사들에서 얻어진 것이다. L.A. 사우어사(L.A. Saur Corporation)와 같은 장비와 부품회사들 또한 그들 전문분야에서의 가장 최신의 정보를 제공해 주었음을 밝히는 바이다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.180-188
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• 2019

Auxin plays a crucial regulatory role in plant growth and development processes. Three major classes of auxin-responsive transcription factors controlled by the Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA), Gretchen Hagen 3 (GH3), and small auxin up RNA (SAUR) genes regulate auxin signaling. Aux/IAA, in particular, encodes short-lived nuclear proteins that accumulate rapidly in response to auxin signaling. In this study, we isolated a PagAux/IAA1 gene from poplar (Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa) and investigated its expression characteristics. The PagAux/IAA1 cDNA codes for putative 200 amino acids polypeptide containing four conserved domains and two nuclear localization signals (NLSs). Utilizing Southern blot analysis, we confirmed that a single copy of the PagAux/IAA1 gene was present in the poplar genome. The expression of this gene is specific to leaves and flowers of the poplar. PagAux/IAA1 expressed in the early exponential growth phase of cell-cultured in suspension. PagAux/IAA1 expression level reduced in drought and salt stress conditions, and the presence of plant hormones such as abscisic acid. However, expression enhanced in cold stress, cambial cell division, and presence of plant hormones such as gibberellic acid and jasmonic acid. Thus, these results suggest that PagAux/IAA1 participates in cold stress response as well as developmental processes in the poplar.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.280-280
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• 2022

Tiller angle, defined as the angle between the main stem and its side tillers, is one of the main target traits selected inbreeding to achieve the ideal plant type and increase rice yield. Therefore, the discovery and identification of tiller angle-related genes can provide architecture and yield. In the present work, using QTL analysis hence a total of 8 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected based on the phenotype data of tiller angle and tiller crown width in two years. Among them, four QTLs (qTA9, qCW9, qTA9-1, qCW9-1) were overlapped at marker interval RM6235-RM24288 on chromosome 9 with a large effect value regarded as stable major QTL. Twenty tiller angle-related genes were selected from the target region and the relative gene expression levels were checked in five compact type lines, five spreading type lines, and their parental lines. Finally, OsSA URq9 which belongs auxin-responsive SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR) protein family was selected as a target gene. Overall, this work will help broaden our understanding of the genetic control of tiller angle and tiller crown width, and this study provides both a good theoretical basis and a new genetic resource for the breeding of ideal-type rice.