• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.470-474
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• 2008

The whole berry, pulp, and seed of sea buckthorn fruit were extracted with supercritical $CO_2$ to produce edible oils. The effects of extraction pressure, temperature, and $CO_2$ flow rate on the oil yield and extraction rate were investigated, and the fatty acid composition, tocopherol, and carotenoid contents of the oils were compared. The results showed that the extraction rate was affected by pressure, temperature, and $CO_2$ flow rate and, in general, the yield increased with a rise in any of the 3 variables. Fatty acids in the whole berry and pulp oil were dominated by monounsaturated fatty acids (>64%), followed by saturated fatty acids (about 30%). In contrast, fatty acids in the seed oil consisted mainly of polyunsaturated (>60%) and monounsaturated fatty acids (>24%). The seed oil had a slightly higher content of tocopherols, but a much lower content of carotenoids, compared with the whole berry or pulp oil.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.473-478
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• 1991

After the glycolipid(GL) and phospolipid (PL) of flint corn during a growth process were fractionated by silicic acid column chromatography (SACC), the GL and PL of polar lipids were separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC)and quantitative by TLC scanner and the fatty acid composition in polar lipids were determined by gas chromatography (GC). Of the GL in polar lipids were separated by TLC, monoglycosyl diacylglycerol (8.3~29.2%) was the major component, and monoglycosyl ceramide, monoglycosyl sterol were also found as minor components. Of the PL, phosphatidyl choline (27.2~29.5%) and phosphatidyl inositol (42.9~79.1%) were the major components, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine and cardiolipin were also persont in the PL. The major fatty acids in the GL were oleic(27.1~37.1%), linoleic (13.2~35.7%) and palmitic (22.5~25.6%) acids. The major fatty acids in the PL were palmitic (46.5~52.3%), heptadecanoic (23.0~25.1%) and oleic(7.2~14.6%) and GL contained a higher percentage of unsa-turated fatty acids, but PL presented that of the saturated fatty acids.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2000

The effects of grass lipids and long chain fatty acids (LCFA; palmitic, stearic and oleic acids), at low concentrations (0.001~0.02%), on the growth and enzyme activity of two strains of anaerobic fungi, monocentric strain Piromyces rhizinflata B157 and polycentric strain Orpinomyces joyonii SG4, were investigated. The addition of grass lipids to the medium significantly (p<0.05) decreased filter paper (FP) cellulose digestion, cellulase activity and fungal growth compared to control treatment. However, LCFA did not have any significant inhibitory effects on fungal growth and enzyme activity, which, however, were significantly (p<0.05) stimulated by the addition of oleic acid as have been observed in rumen bacteria and protozoa. This is the first report to our knowledge on the effects of LCFA on the rumen anaerobic fungi. Continued work is needed to identify the mode of action of LCFA in different fungal strains and to verify whether these microorganisms have ability to hydrogenate unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.1027-1032
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 혈액 내에서의 오메가-3 지방산의 함량 변화를 측정하여 연질 캡슐과 장용성 캡슐의 차이를 검토하였다. Fish oil 중의 EPA와 DHA의 총합의 함량이 62.87 g/100 g으로 대부분을 차지하고 있다. 연질 캡슐의 경우, 제 1시험액(위액)에서는 내부의 지방이 70% 용출된 반면, 장용성의 경우 10% 정도만이 용출되었다. 제 2액(소장액)에서도 6시간까지 50% 정도 용출되어 90분에 50%가 용출된 일반 연질 캡슐과 대조적이었다. 기존에 사용하였던 연질 캡슐의 EPA 및 DHA는 흡수 초기에 장용성 캡슐에 비하여 다소 높은 비율을 보인 반면, 8시간 이후 장용성 캡슐 섭취한 경우 EPA와 DHA의 혈액내 함량이 비율이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 경구 투여 48시간 후 지방산 조성은 장용성 캡슐에서는 mono-, poly-unsaturated fatty acid 혈액 내의 함량이 다소 높은 경향을 보였으며, saturated fatty acid 함량 역시 다소 높은 경향을 보였다. EPA와 DHA의 함량은 혈액 내에서 각 지방 분획에서의 함량 차이를 정확하게 측정하기 힘들었다. 이상의 결과에 의하면 장용성 캡슐은 위장관을 통과하여 장에서 용출되는 특성 때문에 지속적인 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 추정된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1315-1323
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• 1998

Effect of oral taurine supplementation on plasma total and phospholidpid -fatty acid profiles and their metabolism were evaluated in healthy female adults. Among twenty five female volunteers(23.6$\pm$0.3 years old ) participated in the taruine supplementation program(6g taurine /day), twenty four subjects succesfully completed the 2 week program , and only nine subjects continued to take taurine for another 2 weeks. Levels of plasma fatty acids and taruine were measured by gas-liquid chromatobraphy and an automated amino acid analyzer based on ion exchange chromatography, respectively. Plasma taurine concentration s of the subjects were 108. 7$\pm$3.4 , 184.2$\pm$8.2 and 235.9$\pm$77.0$\mu$emol/L at 0 , 2 and 4 weeks of taurine supplementation. Fatty acid compositions and elongation and desaturation indices of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in plasma total lipids were not influenced by oral taurine supplementation. However, fatty acid compositions and their metabolism in plasma phospholipids were significantly affected by taurine supplementation in female adults. Compared to the values for 0 week, the percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in plasma phospholipid was significantly lowered at 2 weeks, but elevated at 4 weeks of taurine supplementation. In contrast , the percentage of phospholipid PUFA significantly increased at 2 weeks and decreased at 4 weeks of taurine supplementation from to the values for 0 weeks. Foru weeks of oral taurine supplementation signifinatly elevated the eongation index(20 : 4$\omega$6 ⇒22 : 4 $\omega$6, p<0.01), and decreased the desaturation index (20 : 3 $\omega$6 ⇒20 : 4 $\omega$6 , p<0.01) of $\omega$6 fatty acids in plasma phospholipids. Plasma taurine concentration was positively correlated with the percentage of 14 : 0 fatty acids and the enlongation index o f$\omega$3 fatty acids(20 : 5 $\omega$3 ⇒22 : 5 $\omega$3), and thenegatively correlated with the percentage of 20 : 0 in plasma phospholipids. These results indicate that oral taurine supplementation for 4 weeks signidicantly elelvated the percentage of SFA, and lowered the percentage of PUFA in plasma phospholipids with no influence on plasm total fatty aicd composition in healthy female adults.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.211-213
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• 1984

The change in fatty acid compositions of the glycolipid and phospholipid of sesame seed was analyzed during the storage for 4, 9, and 15 months at four different storage conditions, that is, storage under light with linen bag(LA), storage under light with polyethylene bag(LS), storage in dark with linen bag(DA), and storage in dark with polyethylene bag(DS). In the fatty acid composition of glycolipid, palmitic and stearic acid decreased during the storage but the linoleic acid increased significantly, particularly, between 4 to 9 months of storage. The content of palmitic and stearic acid in phospholipid decreased until 9 months, then increased until 15 months of storage, but reverse tendency was, observed in the content of oleic and linoleic acid. The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids in glycolipid increased during the storage of 15 months in all the storage conditions. The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids of phospholipid in DA and LA was slightly higher than that in DS and LS conditions during the storage for 15 months.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.437-447
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• 1999

The intake of fatty acids, and the effects of fatty acid intake patterns on serum lipid concentrations was investigated in 112 postmenopausal women. Dietary intakes of fatty acids were assessed by means of a semi-quantitative food questionnaire with food models and other measuring tools. The intakes of saturated fatty acid(SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid(MFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) were 10.85g, 11.89g and 12.09g, respectively. The ratios of P/M/S and $\omega$6/$\omega$3 fatty acid were 1.19 : 1.10 : 1 and 6.65 ; 1, respectively. Serum lipid concentrations were adjusted for age, menopausal period, BMI, stress scores, exercise habit and energy intake and the relationship between fatty acid intake and serum lipids was measured using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Serum cholesterol concentration was positively correlated with dietary intake of SFA (p<0.10), MUFA(p<0.05), palmitic acid(p<0.10), stearic acid(p<0.05), oleic aicd(p<0.05), and arachidonic acid(p<0.10). Serumk LDL-cholesterol concentration was positively correlated with MUFA(p<0.10), oleic acid(p<0.10), oleic acid(p<0.10), and arachidonic acid (p<0.10). Serum triglyceride concentration was positively correlated with arachidonic acid(p<0.10). However, serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was not found to be significantly correlated with any fatty acids.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2014

본 시험은 무항생제 사육방식이 한우육내 코티졸과 지방산 함량에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 무항생제 및 관행 축산으로 생산된 한우육 1등급 등심(M. longissimus)부위를 3가지의 브랜드별로 각각 3회씩 구매하여 시료로 공시하였고, 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 한우육 등심내 코티졸 함량은 무항생제 처리구에서 관행사육 처리구 대비 유의적(p=0.0176)으로 낮게 나타났으며, 포화지방산 및 불포화지방산 함량에서는 유의적(p>0.05)인 차이를 나타내지는 않았으나, 관행사육 처리구에서는 포화지방산이, 무항생제 처리구에서는 불포화지방산이 각각 높은 경향으로 분석되었다. 또한, 불포화지방산 중 n-3과 n-9 지방산을 제외한 n-6 지방산(linoleic acid, ${\gamma}$-linolenic acid)에서 유의적(p<0.01)인 차이를 보였다. 또한, 한우육내 코티졸 농도와 n-6 지방산 농도간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 특히 linoleic acid와 유의적(p=0.0140)으로 부(-)의 상관관계가 성립되었다. 결과적으로, 무항생제 인증으로 사육된 한우육은 관행적으로 사육된 한우육에서 보다 상대적으로 코티졸 함량이 낮았으며, 건강에 유익한 불포화지방산 함량이 다소 높은 경향으로 분석됨으로써 육질을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.317-317
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• 2022

Seakso 5, a maize hybrid, was applied for variety in 2021 by Gangwon Agricultural Research and Extension Services in Korea. This variety was bred to produce a purple extract of com husk. It shows purple color in the husk and cob and contains abundant anthocyanins. In this study, to obtain basic data on purple com 'Seakso 5' husk extract (PCHE), a husk extract was prepared and the contents of vitamins, amino acids and fatty acids were analyzed. The Seakso 5 husks were extracted with 30% alcohol and concentrated, after adding dextrin to the concentrate, it was spray-dried to prepare an extract. The PCHE were analyzed for vitamins, amino acids, and fatty acids by referring to the Food Code. As a result, three types of vitamins were detected, and their contents were vitamin B₁ 0.14 mg/100g, vitamin B₂ 2.30 mg/100g, and vitamin C 11.32 mg/100g. A total of 15 amino acids were detected in the PCHE, including aspartic acid and glutamic acid, and the content of aspartic acid was the highest at 3.02 mg/g. Simultaneous analysis of fatty acids Among 37 types, saturated fatty acids were palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), monounsaturated fatty acids were oleic acid (C18:1(n-9)), polyunsaturated fatty acids were linoleic acid(C18:2(n-6)c) and a-Linolenic Acid (C18:3(n-3)) were detected. Among the detected fatty acids, the content of palmitic acid was the highest at 40.75 mg/100g. In the future, These analysis results will be used as reference data for temporary food ingredient applications by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.261-266
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• 1993

유일한 탄소 및 에어지원으로 메탄올만을 이용하여 성장하는 새로운 절대 메탄올 자화세균을 토양으로 부터 분리하였다. 분리균주는 그람음성의 운동성이 없고 포자를 형성하지 않는 간균으로 정대호기성 세균이었다. 이 균주는 catalase 활성과 oxidase 활성을 가지고 있으며, nitrate를 nitrite로 환원시킬 수 있고 성장시 vitamin이나 특이한 생육인자를 요구하지 않았다. 세대시간은 1.6시간으로 메탄올 동화경로로는 ribulose monophosphate pathway(Entner-Doudoroff 변형경로)를 이용하나 α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase 활성은 없었다. Ammonium ion은 glutamate dehydrogenase를 이용하여 동화하였다. DNA의 guanine plus cytosine 함량은 61.0 mol%이고 세포내 지방산으로는 누고 straight-chain saturated C$^{16:0}$ acids(palmitie acids)와 unsaturated C$^{16:1}$ acids(palmitoleic acids)를 가지고 있으나 이외에도 두 종류의 unidentified C$_{17}$ branched fatty acid도 포함하고 있었다. Major ubiquinone은 Q-8이나 Q-6와 Q-7을 특이하게 소량 가지고 있었다. Phospatidylethanolamine과 Phosphatidylglycerol이 주요한 phospholip의 구성물질이나 diphosphatidylgycerol도 소량 포함하고 있었다. 위와같은 생리적, 생화학적 자료로 부터 분리균주를 새로은 종 즉, Methylohacillus methanolovorus sp. nov.로 명명하였다.