• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1999

To find pertinent soil type and maintenance method for artificial planting ground, the effects of soil compositions{sandy loam(S), vermiculite(V), sandy loam+vermiculite+sand(SVS), sandy loam+ carbonized rice husk+sand(SCS), sandy loam+humus sawdust+sand(SHS)}, and fertilizers (organic, chemical) on plant(kentuckyblue grass) growth were measured and compared from the field experiment. The results are summarized as follows 1. the highest germination rate is found from "vermiculite(V)" and the lowest from "sandy loam(S)" among tested 5 soil compositions. 2. "sandy loam+vermiculite+sand(SVS)" composition shows the highest plant height growth effect (5cm growth during tested 3 months) comparing to other 4 compositions. 3. "sandy loam+vermiculite+sand(SYS)" composition shows the highest ground covering rate after first two months, but it concede its order to "sandy loam+humus sawdust+sand(SHS)" composition after next one month growing. 4. the effects of fertilizers are follows 1) Among the blocks where no fertilizer was tried, the predominant height growth was obvious in "sandy loam+carbonized rice husk+sand(SCS)" and "sandy loam+humus sawdust+sand(SHS)" composition. 2) Among the blocks where chemical fertilizer was tried, relatively positive results were found from "vermiculite(V)" and "sandy loam+vermiculite+sand(SYS)" blocks on germination and growth rate. But on the ground coverage ratio, the effect of "sandy loam+carbonized rice husk+sand(SCS)" composite precede that of those 2 composites. 3) Among the blocks where organic fertilizer was tried, "sandy loam+humus sawdust+sand(SHS)" and "vermiculite(V)" blocks show relatively high ground coverage rate, growth rate than others. 4) When compositional differences were not considered, the block where organic fertilizer was tried shows most positive effects on all 3 measurements-germination ratio, height growth and ground covering.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 1997

Three soils, sandy loam, loam and silty clay loam, were selected and three inches soil cores with 4 bulk density(BD) levels were made by compressing the soils wetted with 3 levels water. Mechanical and water characteristics were measured and analyzed the mechanical resistance limiting water, available water and least-limiting water range. Mechanical resistance limiting water(MRLW) were appeared at higher bulk density than $1.6Mg/m^3$ in sandy loam, and $1.4Mg/m^3$ in loam and silty clay loam. The least-limiting water ranges were sharply decreased at the bulk density $1.6Mg/m^3$ in sandy loam and loam, $1.4Mg/m^3$ in silty clay loam. There were big deferences between available water contents and least limiting water ranges in finer texture and higher bulk density soils.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.18-24
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• 1999

This study was aimed to develope appropriate soil media for the growth of Rhododendron hybrid $J_{ASANHONG}$ on the artificial ground five types of soil media was tested such as "sandy loam-general soil (T1)", "vermiculite-artificial soil (T5)", "sandy loam 50% + vermiculite 30% + sand 20% (improved of soil 2-T2)", "sandy loam 50% + carbonized rice hust 30% + sand 20% (improved of soil 3-T3)", "sandy loam 50% + humus sawdust 30% + sand 20% (improved of soil 4-T4)". The result of the research are as follows. 1. Among the type of soil media, the sandy loam(T1) soil type gave the worst effects on growth of above ground parts(height, No. of leaf, width of leaf, No. of flowering, dry weight of upper parts) and under ground parts(dry weight of roots). 2. Vermiculite(T5) showed the highest root growth(dry weight of roots). it seemed to be caused high saturated hydraulic conductivity and porosity. As a result, there is much available space for enabling the root spreads. 3. "sandy loam 50% + vermiculite 30% + sand 20%(improved of soil 2-T2)", "sandy loam 50% + carbonized rice hust 30% + sand 20%(improved of soil 3-T3)" showed good effects on growth of above ground parts and under ground parts compared with sandy 10am(T1) 4. "sandy loam 50% + humus sawdust 30% + sand 20% + (improved of soil 4-T4)" showed the highest effects on growth of above ground parts.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.236-240
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• 2001

The lysimeter experiment was conducted to investigate the temporal changes of irrigation requirement, soil water percolation and rice root distribution during rice growing period under different soil texture that were sandy loam, clay loam and clay paddy soil in 1999 and 2000. The irrigation requirement in the first year was 3,306 l/$m^2$ in clay loam, 2,650 l/$m^2$ in sandy loam and 2,002 l/$m^2$ in clay soil. However, the highest irrigation requirement was 5,281 l/$m^2$ in sandy loam and the next was 4,984 l/$m^2$ in clay loam and 3,968 l/$m^2$ in clay soil in the second year, Soil water percolation in the first year was 2,141 l/$m^2$ in clay loam, 1,228 l/$m^2$ in Sandy loam and 862 l/$m^2$ in clay soil. However, in the second year, the highest water percolation of 4,448 l/$m^2$ was measured in sandy loam, and was followed by 3,833 l/$m^2$ in clay loam and 2,925 l/$m^2$ in clay soil. Distribution ratio of rice roots measured in 0-10cm of soil depth was 56.0% in sandy loam, 61.4% in clay loam and 72.1% in clay soil, respectively. It was interpreted that the greater water percolation measured in the second year was caused mainly by the large amount of rice root growth. Therefore, it was concluded that the soil water percolation in rice paddy soil was affected greatly not only by soil texture but also the growth of rice root.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.399-404
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• 2014

Soil moisture is an important factor for the availability and circulation of nutrients in arable soil. The purpose of this study was to set thresholds moisture content on soil nitrate concentration in the solution for real-time diagnosis. Sandy loam, silt loam, and sandy loam was filled with $1.2g\;cm^{-3}$ at Wagner pots, 0, 100, and $200mg\;L^{-1}$ of $KNO_3$ was saturated. Nitrate in standard solution was recovered about 95% by passing the porous cup. Nitrate concentrations in sampling of soil solution were examined by using a porous cup. The soil solution was higher in accordance with sandy loam> silt loam> clay loam, limited water filled pore space for sampling soil solution was 33.7, 56.4, and 62.2%, respectively. Nitrate concentration in the soil solution was negligible at sandy loam and silt loam during sampling periods, which was decreased about 50~82% in clay loam compared to the initial $NO_3$-N concentration in the saturated $KNO_3$ solution. Over limitation of soil solution sampling, soil EC and $NO_3$-N content were increased with the saturated $NO_3$-N concentration, regardless of soil texture (p<0.05). Conclusively, soil solution by using a porous cup was possible, regardless of the soil texture, which was useful for the diagnosis in nitrate concentration of soil solution. However, because nitrate concentration of soil solution in a clay loam changes, it was necessary for careful attention in order to take advantage for the real-time diagnosis of nitrogen management in soil.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.221-227
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• 1989

This study was conducted to understand the influence of soil compaction on root growth and nutrient uptake characteristics of the soybean roots grown in two soils with different texture. Tap root elongation was measured on young seedling grown in cores compacted to different bulk densities of 1.2, 1.4 and $1.6/cm^3$ with different soil water retention in laboratory. The soil used were Samgag sandy loam and Baegsan loam soils. The wet and dry weight, total length, average radius and total surface area of roots were measured on soybean plants grown in 1/5000 a Wagner pots compacted to different bulk density of 1.2 and $1.4g/cm^3$. The nutrient uptake of soybean shoot was measured and evaluated with the unit surface area of roots at the 7th, 17th and 27th days after germination. The results were as follows: 1. The tap root elongation rate was faster in the loam soil with low bulk density than in the sandy loam soil with high bulk density. The elongation rates were remarkedly decreased when soil water was lower than the retention of 4 bars in loam soil and that of 1 bars in sandy loam soil. 2. Tap root elongation rate sharply decreased as increased soil strength higher than $2kgf/cm^2$ measured by ELE penetrometer showing curvillinear regression. However, it was low regardless of soil strength when soil water retention was 10 bars in sandy loam soil. 3. From the pot experiment, the total length of roots were longer in loam soil than in sandy loam soil and was longer in the soils with lower bulk density. The average radius of fine roots grown in sandy loam soil was larger than that grown in loam soil. The total surface area of roots was greater in the loam soil with low bulk density than in the sandy loam soil with high bulk density as the total length of roots. 4. The amounts of nutrient uptake by soybean shoots were greater in loam soil primarily due to more production of dry matter than in sandy loam soil. The nitrogen influx rates through the unit surface area were 597 to $753nmoles/day-cm^2$ in loam soil and 222 to $365nmoles/day\;cm^2$ in sandy loam soilshowing higher value in higher bulk density. The potasium influx rates were 99 to $175nmoles/day-cm^2$, and those of phosphate were 26 to $46nmoles/day\;cm^2$. Those of Ca and Mg were 175 to 246 and 163 to $205nmoles/day\;cm^2$. The difference in nutrient influx rates between bulk densities of these elements were lower than that of nitrogen.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.528-534
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• 2009

The study of germination and seedling growth characteristics of Neem under different soil and environment conditions was undertaken. The seed germination started 8 days after sowing in commercial bed soil, whereas, delayed germination was observed in sandy-loam (15 days) and sandy (19 days) soil. The highest germination (73.33%) was observed in commercial bed soil in green house, whereas, the lowest germination was observed in sandy soil (16.67%) and sandy-loam soil (8.33%). The seeds in the open field (sandy soil) also showed poor (10%) germination. The mean number of germination seed/day (GD) and seed germination vigor rate (GV) both were highest in the commercial bed soil with 0.733% and 16.67% respectively in the green house, whereas sandy and sandy-loam soil in green house and open field (sandy soil) all showed much lower GD and GV values. The seedling characteristics of nursery revealed that the seedling grown in the growth chamber in commercial bed soil was significantly higher in all the parameters comparing to others grown in green house and open field. The growth was nearly 7 fold in the chamber compared to that of the green house nursery observed in three months old seedlings. Likewise, HPLC analysis revealed that the green house grown seedling contain higher quantity of pigments compare to the chamber grown seedlings. Among the soils used the commercial soil alone or in combination with sandy and sandy-loam soil in the ratio of 2:1:1 respectively with the temperature of $27{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ showed better for Neem nursery preparation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1176-1180
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• 2011

The present study evaluated the soil microbial communities by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) method in paddy soils at 11 sites for silt loam, 4 sites for sandy loam, and 5 sites for loam in Gyeongnam Province. The FAME content of fungi in loam ($76nmol\;g^{-1}$) was higher than that of in sandy loam ($45nmol\;g^{-1}$). Sandy loam had significantly lower ratio of cy19:0 to 18:$1{\omega}7c$ compared with that of silt loam (p<0.05), indicating that microbial stress decreased. In addition, actinomycetes community of loam was higher than that of sandy loam.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of some soil conditioners, such as polyacrylamide(PAM), polyvinylalcohol(PVA) and Bitumen emulsion, on aggregate formation and stability, wetting angle, sorptivity and penetrability of the soil with different textures : sand, sandy loam, loam and clay loam. A pot experiment was carried out to find out the effect of treatment on the germination and growth of lettuce with three textures : sand, sandy loam and silt loam. Soil aggregates larger than 2mm in untreated soils at dry condition were naught in sand, 45% in sandy loam, 80% in loam and 90% in clay loam. Treatments of soil conditioners tended to increase the occurrence of soil aggregate larger than 2mm, which were 20~25% in sand, 55~75% sandy loam, but not affected greatly aggragate occurence in loam and clay loam. The aggregate instability was decreased by the soil conditioner treatment. The wetting angles of the soils were greatly changed by hydrophobic of Bitumen, but those were changed slightly by PVA and PAM application. The sorptivity and penetrability data indicated that the effects of different materials on these parameters differed depending upon soil texture. Application of PVA and PAM were no effect exceptive in sand. Application of Bitumen revealed that water movement was not showed in all soils. The germination rate, root weight and top plant weight of lettuce were increased in all soils by PAM treatment as compared to untreated soils. Particularly the greater effect was occurred in sand soil than in sandy loam and silt loam. PAM increased greatly the moisture content and air phase of soils.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.143-147
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• 2006

This study was carried to investigate the effect of soil texture on the growth and the contents of quercetin-glycoside and lignans, and to improve the qualities of Saururus chinensis Baill. Soil texture resulted no significant effects on the number of nodes, the number of leaves, the number of branches and dry matter ratio. However, the shoot dry weight was higher in sandy loam, loam, silt loam and sand soil in that order. Although the weight of rhizomes of below 5 mm in diameter was not significantly different among soil textures, the weight of rhizomes between 5.1 and 10.9 mm and the weight of rhizomes of above 11 mm in diameter ranged $437{\sim}465\;g$ and was larger in clay loam than in other soil textures. No significance difference was showed in rhizome dry ratio ranging from 19.1 to 20.8%. The amount of quercetin-glycoside in leaves was higher in loam and sandy loam and ranged from 219.3 to 222.4 mg/100 g of quercetin-glycoside quercitrin, rutin, isoquercitrin and hyperin were higher in that order. On the other hand, quercetin-glycoside contents in stem were 14.8 mg/100 g and 12.4 mg/100 g in sandy and sandy loam, respectively, and were higher than in other soil textures of quercetin-glycoside constituents, the content of rutin was the highest. The content of lignans was increased in clay loam, loam, sandy loam, and sandy in that order of lignans, the manassatin B was the highest.