• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.260-265
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• 1983

Growth, content and partition of mineral nutrient of Panax ginseng (3 years old) were investigated with four levels of nitrogen source (ammonium sulfate, urea and calcium nitrate) under sand culture for one year. Growth of top and root was greatest at 50 ppm in all sources. Nitrate showed the greatest root weight and urea did the greatest top weight. Leaf width was large in without-nitrogen plot. The ratio of length to diameter (L/D) of stem was smaller with ammonium than with nitrate. Negative correlation was found between L/D of stem and that of tap root. Nitrogen application increased phosphorus content in leaf and stem but decreased calcium. Partition of P into leaf was smaller in 50 ppm than in without-nitrogen plot in all sources. While that of Mg, Ca and N was greater.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 1995

The embryos(6-8mm) isolated from seeds of Diospyros kaki were cultured on Murashlge-Skoog(MS), Woody Plant Medium(WPM), Campbell Durzen(CD), Lictvay's Medium(LM), Kao-Michaluk(KM), Nitsch, White, Heller, Wolter-Skoog(WS) media. The results showed that MS and WPM media were most suitable to the development of embryos into plantlets with length of $5.4{\pm}1.2 cm$ and 5-6 leaves. However, when LM and KM media were used, the addition of 1 to $2{\mu} moles/\ell GA_3$ was required for the germination of the embryos. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, one of the changing factors in leaves according to physiological status displayed to be exceptionally significant in the leaves of plantlets germinated from seeds in potting sand soil contrary to those of cultured embryos specially around germination period.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.106-111
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• 2012

Recently the usage of bicycle has increased steeply in Korea owing to traffic culture of well- being. In a car to bicycle accident investigation, the throw distance of bicycle is very important factor for reconstructing of the accident. The variables that influence on the throw distance of bicycle can be classified into the factors of vehicle and bicycle. Simulations and collision tests in actual car to bicycle accident were executed for obtaining throw distance of bicycle. The simulations were done by PC-$CRASH^{TM}$ and for actual crash tests sand bags were used for the behavior of bicyclist instead of dummy. Factors considered were vehicle velocity and the moving angles of bicycle, also the types of bicycle and vehicle were fairy cycle and automobile, respectively. From the results, the throw distances of a head-on tire collision of $0^{\circ}$ direction was longer than that of tire crash test of $45^{\circ}$ direction, and the throw distances of a head -on frame crash test of $90^{\circ}$ direction was longer than that of frame crash test of $45^{\circ}$ direction. In addition restitution coefficient between vehicle and bicycle was estimated as about 0.1 with based on actual crash tests. Finally the increaser vehicle velocity the longer the throw distances of bicycle, and the results of simulation were relatively good agreement to the experimental results.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1141-1146
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• 2010

Isolated the heterotrophic aerobic bacteria in sandfiltered water on NA and TSBA solid medium, selected 8 dominant species and identified by Sherlock System. Each samples are irradiated 0, 5, 16, 40 and $60\;mJ/cm^2$ using on CBD (Collimated Beam Device) Medium Pressure UV lamp after these identified bacterium did liquid culture how to make $10^6{\sim}10^7\;cells/mL$ suspended in dilution water. Then cultured bacteria are estimated inactivation rate on plate media. Identified Gram positive group are Bacillus Subtilus, Bacillus megaterium, Rhodococcus erythropolis and Microbacterium laevaniformans; Gram negative group are Pseudomonas vesicularis, Pseudomonas pseudoflava, Alcaligenes paradoxus and Zooglea ramigera. These isolation of bacterium are more stronger reference strain and high resistance of MP UV irradiation, Besides Gram negative bacterium are more sensitive Gram positive bacterium on MP UV dose. Now we are estimating to $60{\sim}100\;mJ/cm^2$ MP UV dose for efficient disinfection in water treatment plant.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.277-283
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• 1997

The effect of nutrient concentration and plant growth regulators on rooting of Coleus stem cuttings were investigated. In contrast to sand cutting, the nutrient solution or plant growth regulator treatment increased the root numbers and root length. The concentration of nutrient solution were 1, l/2 and 1/4 strength of the balanced nutrient solution developed by Japanese Horticultural Experimental Station and the highest root growth was obtained from 1/4 strength nutrient concentration. NAA or IBA treatment in culture solution stimulated the rooting and 0.01mg/l of NAA or IBA was effective in root development. Furthermore, days for rooting were shortened and root growth were promoted by mixing nutrient solutions with plant growth regulators and by using cutting with leaves. The rooting of Coleus was observed under microscope and the adventitious root formation initiated at 3 days after cutting with nutrient and auxin mixture.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 1995

To reduce crop damage from root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp. chemical, cultural, physical control methods were compared in commercial greenhouse for 3 years from 1992 to 1994. Timing of sol exchange for economic losses due to the nematodes is important: every 3 years for coarse sand (Masatto) and every 4 years for red-yellow soil. Control effects on Meloidogyne spp. in cucumber were 78.2% in Dazomet DP, 72.1% Carbo G+Soil reverse+submergence, and 66.3% in Carbo G+submergence. Pesticide effects were temporally different after treatment: 77.7~80.6% in 20 days and 33.7~49.5% in 60 days. Cropping system in oriental melon gave an excellent control effect of 81.1% at oriental melon/rice culture. All methods controled root-knot nematodes at the time of the treatment but the number of the nematodes increased at the end of the season. However, soil exchange was effective for 3 years. The most economic control practice is rotation with rice for every three years.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.235-241
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• 2020

This is the first study to establish a complete protocol for micropropagation of Rehmannia glutinosa from root segments. The study involved investigating the effect of plant growth regulators on in vitro shoot regeneration and rooting and identifying substrates supporting survival and growth performance of ex vitro seedlings. A Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 30 g/L sucrose for shoot induction and 0.2 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 1 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and 1 g/L polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) for shoot multiplication resulted in the highest number of shoots per explant and shoot height. Applying a medium containing 0.5 mg/L IAA and 1 g/L PVP yielded optimal rooting of the shoots grown in vitro. Compost enriched with microbial inoculants and perlite enhanced seedling growth better than that with organic biofertilizer-free substrates (soil and sand). We recommend the continuous production of micropropagated R. glutinosa seedlings from root segments under the aforementioned conditions as a possible propagation technique for crops of this species.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.516-522
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• 1978

In spite of recent improvement of the medical and surgical treatments, there are many significant problems in the management of thoracic empyema. This is a clinical analysis of 49 cases of thoracic empyema who underwent lung decortication for a period of 6 years and 5 months extending from May, 1972 to Aug. 1975. The following results were obtained: Male to female ratio was 2. S to 1. The age ranged between Sand 69, bnt was mostly 2r.d and 5th decade. The underlying diseases were pulmonary tuberculosis (30 cases, 61. 1 SO, , ), posttraumatic hemothorax (7 cases, 14.396). pneumonia (6 cases, 12.2%), lung abscess (2 cases, 4.2%), paragonimiasis (2 cases, 4.2%). spontaneous pneumothorax (1 case, 2.1%), and unknown origin (1 case, 2.1%). In 13 cases (26.5%), positive bacterial growth on culture was reported. There were single infection in 11 cases and mixed infection in 2 cases. The organisms grown were Staphylococcus, alpha-hemolytIc Streptococcus, Alkaligenes fecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, SerratIa, Enterobacter agglomerans, and Enterococcus in order of frequency. Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Serratia were sensitive to several different kinds of antibiotics. But Pseudomonas, Escherichia co:i, and Enterococcus were sensitive to only one or two antibiotics. Leukocytosis was observed In acute empyema, but not in chronic empyema. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were all within normal limits. Preoperative liver function tests were within normal limits in most of the cases. In 49 cases, lung decortication alone was performed in 40 cases (S1. 696), and for the remaining 9 cases (1S. 4%), additional surgical procedures were necessary, i. e., lobectomy (6cases). partial thoracoplasty (2 cases), and lobectomy & partial thoracoplasty (1 cases). The results of lung decortication in thoracic empyema were goed. 38 cases (77.5%) healed with no complication, and 10 cases (20.4%) were complicated by bleeding, wownd infection, pleural infection, chondritis, and psychosis. These complications resolved ultimately leaving no sequelae. One death was recorded (2.1%), and the causes of death were postoperative pleural infection, sepsis and hepatic insufficiency.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.84-90
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• 2006

This study was conducted to anticipate nitrate reduction state in tree through measurement of nitrate reductase activity (NRA) and investigate the effect of nitrogen concentrations (100, 200, 400, and 600 $mg\;L^{-1}$) on growth, the nitrogen content of various tissue, and NRA of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Niitaka) seedlings in sand culture. Nutrient solutions used in this experiment were adjusted to pH 6.5 and fixed the ratio of ammonium and nitrate to 1:3 and trickle-irrigated 3 times a day. Tree height and dry weight of various organs in seedlings were higher in low nitrogen concentration (100 and 200 $mg\;L^{-1}$) than in high nitrogen concentration (400 and 600 $mg\;L^{-1}$). The shoot growth in 600 $mg\;L^{-1}$ was extremely poor by nitrogen over supply. Increasing the nitrogen concentration, the concentration of nitrate-N in leaves and roots were insignificantly changed but that of stems increased. The accumulation of total and reduced nitrogen in all organs with increasing concentrations of nitrogen supply were increased at 30 days after treatment but those of all organs at 60 and 90 days after treatment were highest in 600 $mg\;L^{-1}$, whereas there were no significant changes among other nitrogen concentration. The in vivo (${+NO_3}^-$) NRA of all organs did not relate to nitrogen concentration but the in vivo (${-NO_3}^-$) NRA of leaves except roots increased with increasing the nitrogen concentration. Therefore, the proper nitrogen concentration to promote growth and nitrate reduction of pear tree was 200 $mg\;L^{-1}$.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.216-219
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• 1997

Thirty day old rice seedlings, Ilpoom and Taeback variety, grown under deficient condition of several elements in nutrition solution of sand culture were exposed to 20Gy, 40Gy, 80Gy of gamma ray $(^{60}Co)$ to study the effect of their radiosensitivity. The results obtained are summarized as follows : Plant height and fresh weight of nutrient deficient rice plants were far less than those of control. The effect was different with nutrient element and rice variety, as show increasing effect of radiosensitivity in the Ilpoom variety was high in the Fe deficient whereas that of Taeback was high in the P deficient. Growth inhibition of rice plant irradiated with 20Gy was highly occurred in the Fe and Zn deficient plot in Ilpoom variety and P and Zn deficient plot in Taeback variety. In 80Gy irradiated group, radiosensitivity of rice plant was high in the P and Ca deficient plot of both Ilpoom and Taeback variety.