• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.40-44
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• 2000

The most proper antibiotic must be selected after antimicrobial susceptibility test. If difference in antimicrobial susceptibility was significant between oral sampling sites, it is rationale to use the most susceptible antibiotic agent respond to dental procedure and object of treatment. This study examined sampling site variation from saliva, supragingival plaque and subgingival plaque of 16 children's oral microbes. The cultured bacterial isolates, which were Streptococcus viridans and Neisseria, were examined for 10 antimicribial drugs with the Bauer-Kirby agar disk diffusion method. The used drugs were Penicillin, Ampicillin, Oxacillin, Cephalothin, Imipenem, Gentamicin, Erythromycin, Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin. There was no significant difference between three sampling sites for antimicrobial susceptibility test of S. viridans and Neisseria and the sequence of susceptibility was agreed among them. In conclusion, it was suggested that antimicrobial susceptibility test from saliva, supragingival plaque and subgingival plaque of children have no significant sampling site variation.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1023-1030
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• 2020

임의의 그래프 신호를 복원하기 위해 그래프상의 일부 노드로 구성된 샘플링 집합내의 노드들의 신호값만을 사용하게 되는 경우, 이를 위한 최적의 샘플링 집합 선택 문제에 대해 연구한다. 고도의 계산량을 요구하는 고유값 분해 (eigen decomposition)를 사용하지 않고, 노드를 선택하는 과정에서의 신호 변화값의 차이를 비용함수로 제시한다. 구체적으로, 기존 방식의 비용함수인 신호 복원오차를 최소화하는 대신에 본 연구에서는 신호 변화값의 차이를 비용함수로 채택하여 이를 최소화하는 간단하고 고속의 탐욕 (greedy) 샘플링 집합선택 알고리즘을 제안한다. 기존의 고속알고리즘과 성능평가 비교를 위해 다양한 그래프 신호에 대한 폭넓은 실험을 진행하여, 기존 방식 대비 신호복원 성능감소를 약 7% 이내로 유지하면서 실행시간을 10배이상으로 단축하였음을 보인다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제80권4호
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• pp.379-382
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• 1991

난괴법 3반복(反復)으로 배치(配置)한 잣나무 10년생(年生) 반형매차대검정림(半兄妹次代檢定林)에서 plot당(當) 임의(任意)로 2-10본(本)의 표본목(標本木)을 선정(選定)한 후(後), 분산분석(分散分析)을 통하여 가계평균(家系平均) 수고(樹高)의 오차(誤差)를 나타내는 C.V. 값을 각(各) sampling size 별(別)로 추정(推定), 비교(比較)하였다. plot당(當) 표본목수(標本木數)를 증가(增加)시킴에 따라 C.V.값은 점차 감소(減少)되었으며, plot당(當) 4본(本)부터 안정(安定)된 C.V. 값(6.97%)을 나타내었으나, plot당(當) 7본(本)부터는 실험오차(實驗誤差)가 증가(增加)됨을 알 수 있었다. 이들 두 변량간(變量間)에 ${\hat{Y}}=10.425e-^{0.073x}$ ($R^2$=0.840)의 관계식(關係式)을 추정(推定)할 수 있었다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2011

This paper suggests a ratio-cum product estimator of a finite population mean using information on the coefficient of variation and the fcoefficient of kurtosis of auxiliary variate in stratified random sampling. Bias and MSE expressions of the suggested estimator are derived up to the first degree of approximation. The suggested estimator has been compared with the combined ratio estimator and several other estimators considered by Kadilar and Cingi (2003). In addition, an empirical study is also provided in support of theoretical findings.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2002

The effect of diurnal cycle, intermittent visit of observation satellite, sensor installation, partial coverage of remote sensing, heterogeneity of soil properties and precipitation to the soil moisture estimation error were analyzed to present the global sampling strategy of soil moisture. Three models, the theoretical soil moisture model, WGR model proposed Waymire of at. (1984) to generate rainfall, and Turning Band Method to generate two dimensional soil porosity, active soil depth and loss coefficient field were used to construct sufficient two-dimensional soil moisture data based on different scenarios. The sampling error is dominated by sampling interval and design scheme. The effect of heterogeneity of soil properties and rainfall to sampling error is smaller than that of temporal gap and spatial gap. Selecting a small sampling interval can dramatically reduce the sampling error generated by other factors such as heterogeneity of rainfall, soil properties, topography, and climatic conditions. If the annual mean of coverage portion is about 90%, the effect of partial coverage to sampling error can be disregarded. The water retention capacity of fields is very important in the sampling error. The smaller the water retention capacity of the field (small soil porosity and thin active soil depth), the greater the sampling error. These results indicate that the sampling error is very sensitive to water retention capacity. Block random installation gets more accurate data than random installation of soil moisture gages. The Walnut Gulch soil moisture data show that the diurnal variation of soil moisture causes sampling error between 1 and 4 % in daily estimation.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.374-380
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• 2015

As semiconductor devices are being scaled down, random variation becomes a critical issue, especially in the case of static random access memory (SRAM). Thus, there is an urgent need for statistical methodologies to analyze the impact of random variations on the SRAM. In this paper, we propose a novel sampling method based on the concept of a confidence ellipse. Results show that the proposed method estimates the SRAM margin metrics in high-sigma regimes more efficiently than the standard Monte Carlo (MC) method.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2002

Traditional SPC techniques are looking out variation of process by fixed sampling interval and fixed sample size about every hour, the process of in-control or out-of-control couldn't be detected actually when the sample points are plotted near control limits, and it takes no notice of expense concerned with such sample points. In this paper, to overcome that, consider VSI(variable sampling interval) EWMA control charts which VSI method is applied. The VSI control charts use a short sampling internal if previous sample points are plotted near control limits, then the process has high probability of out-of-control. But it uses a long sampling interval if they are plotted near centerline of the control chart, since process has high possibility of in-control. And then a comparison and analysis between FSI(fixed sampling interval) and VSI EWMA in the statistical aspect and economic aspect is studied. Finally, we show that VSI EWMA control chart is more efficient than FSI EWMA control chart in the both aspects.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.295-306
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was undertaken to examine the metabolomic changes due to gender and diurnal variation at sampling time and to identify an appropriate time point for urine sampling in epidemiologic studies using metabolomic profiles. Methods : Urine samples were collected twice a day (morning and afternoon) from 20 healthy Korean adults after fasting for 8 hours. The metabolomic assay was investigated using $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy coupled with the principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The metabolites responsible for differentiation between groups were identified through the loading plot of PLS-DA and quantified using Chenomx NMR Suite with a 600 MHz library. Results : Metabolites responsible for differentiation in gender and sampling time were creatinine, trimethyl anine oxide (TMAO), hippurate, mannitol, citrate and acetoacetate. Dimethylamine showed difference only as a factor of diurnal time. The level of creatinine was higher in men compared to women, and the levels of citrate, TMAO, hippurate, mannitol, and acetoacetate were higher in women compared to men. The levels of creatinine, TMAO, hippurate, dimethylamine and mannitol were higher in the morning rather than the afternoon while those of citrate and acetoacetate were higher in the afternoon rather than the morning. Conclusions : Since urinary metabolomic profiles varied by gender and diurnal cycle, urine sampling should be performed at the same time point for all participants in epidemiologic studies using metabolomic profiles.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.II
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• pp.236-245
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• 2000

The feasibility of precision farming for small sized fields was studied by determining fertilizing amount of nitrogenous and calcareous to a cite specific region. A detailed soil survey at three experimental fields of 672㎡, 300㎡ and 140㎡ revealed a considerable spatial variation of the pH and organic matter(OM) levels. Soil organic matter was measured using Walkley-Black method and soil pH was measured with a pH sensor. Soil sample was obtained by Grid Node Sampling Method. The soil sampling depth was 10 - 20 cm from the soil surface. To display soil nutrient variation, a soil map was made using Geographic Information System (GIS) software. In soil mapping, soil data between nodes was interpolated using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method. The variation was about 1 - 1.8 in pH value and 1.4 -7 % in OM content. Fertilizing Amount of nitrogenous and calcareous was determined by the fertilizing equation which was proposed by National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology.(NIAST). The variation of fertilizing amount was about 3 - 11 kg/10a in nitrogenous and 70 - 140 kg/10a in calcareous. The results showed a feasibility of precision fertilizing for small size fields.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2000

The feasibility of precision fertilizing for small size fields was studied by determining fertilizing amount of nitrogenous and calcareous to a cite specific region. A detailed soil survey at three experimental fields of $672m^2$, $300m^2$ and $140m^2$ revealed a considerable spatial variation of the pH and organic matter(OM) levels. Soil organic matter was measured using Walkley-Black method and soil pH was measured with a pH sensor. Soil sample was obtained by Grid Node Sampling Method. The soil sampling depth was 10∼20 cm from the soil surface. To display soil nutrient variation, a soil map was made using Geographic Information System (GIS) software. In soil mapping, soil data between nodes was interpolated using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method. The variation was about 1∼1.8 in pH value and 1.4∼7% in OM content. Fertilizing Amount of nitrogenous and calcareous was determined by th fertilizing equation which was proposed by National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology(NIAST). The variation of fertilizing amount was about 3∼11 kg/10a in nitrogenous and 70∼140 kg/10a in calcareous. The results showed a feasibility of precision fertilizing for small size fields.