• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.857-869
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• 2015

The aluminum 7075-T6 is known as an alloy widely used in aircraft structural applications, which does not exhibit strain rate sensitivity during dynamic compressive tests. Despite mechanical importance of the material, there is not enough attention to determine appropriate sample dimensions such as a sample diameter relative to the device bar diameter and sample length to diameter (L/D) ratio for dynamic tests and how these two parameters can change mechanical behaviors of the sample under dynamic loading condition. In this study, various samples which have different diameters of 31.8, 25.4, 15.9, and 9.5 mm and sample L/D ratios of 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.5, and 0.25 were tested using Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB), as this testing device is proper to characterize mechanical behaviors of solid materials at high strain rates. The mechanical behavior of this alloy was examined under ${\sim}200-5,500s^{-1}$ dynamic strain rate. Aluminum samples of 2.0, 1.5 and 1.0 of L/D ratios were well fitted into the stress-strain curve, Madison and Green's diagram, regardless of the sample diameters. Also, the 0.5 and 0.25 L/D ratio samples having the diameter of 31.8 and 25.4 mm followed the stress-strain curve. As results, larger samples (31.8 and 25.4 mm) in diameters followed the stress-strain curve regardless of the L/D ratios, whereas the 0.5 and 0.25 L/D ratios of small diameter sample (15.9 and 9.5 mm) did not follow the stress-strain diagram but significantly deviate from the diagram. Our results indicate that the L/D ratio is important determinant in stress-strain responses under the SHPB test when the sample diameter is small relative to the test bar diameter (31.8 mm), but when sample diameter is close to the bar diameter, L/D ratio does not significantly affect the stress-strain responses. This suggests that the areal mismatch (non-contact area of the testing bar) between the sample and the bar can misrepresent mechanical behaviors of the aluminum 7075-T6 at the dynamic loading condition.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 학회창립 10주년 기념 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.663-666
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• 1999

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) attached with 1 GHz center frequency antenna has been used to measure a dielectric constant of mortar, and to detect and locate a steel bar embedded inside laboratory size mortar specimens at various depth. Mortar specimens are made for the measurements with the dimensions of 100cm (width)$\times$100cm (length)$\times$14cm (depth). Each specimen has a 13mm diameter D13 steel bar at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12cm depth. In this paper, results of radar measurments are provided with a sample output, which successfully located the bar. It has been found that the reflected wave of the steel bar interacts with that of surface when the steel bar has the close distance to the surface.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.305-313
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• 2000

콘크리트 내부에 위치한 철근과 공동의 탐사 성능을 파악하기 위해, 상용 비파괴 검사 장비를 이용한 측정과 이론적 모델링을 실시하고, 향상된 신호처리 결과의 예를 제시하였다. 실측에 사용된 장비는 레이더 장비 2종과 전자기법 철근 탐사 장비 2종이다. 철근 탐사에는 직경 19mm의 철근을, 그리고 공동 탐사에는 두께 50 mm의 스티로폼을 콘크리트 시험체 안에 각기 다른 피복 두께로 매립하여 측정하였다. 또한, 철근의 수평 배근 간격 탐사를 위해 두 개의 철근을 매립 측정하였다. 실험과 함께 전자기파 모델링 방법을 소개하여, 레이더를 이용한 경우, 철근과 공동이 탐지되는 과정을 이론적으로 보여주었다. 탐사능을 향상시키기 위해, 상용 레이더 장비의 측정 결과를 신호처리 과정을 통해 개선하였다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether the accuracy and internal porosity of removable partial denture frameworks differ depending on the build direction in the selective laser melting method. Methods: A partially edentulous maxillary study model was scanned, and the anterior-posterior palatal bar was then digitally designed. The angles formed between the z-axis and the path of the insertion and removal were divided into five groups: -60°, -30°, 0°, 30°, and 60°. For each group, three removable partial denture metal frameworks were fabricated and used as specimens. The inner surface of each sample was scanned and superimposed on the design file to obtain the root mean square (RMS) value, and the average RMS value of each group was measured. One sample was randomly selected from each group, and the equivalent diameter and sphericity of the pores were analyzed using industrial X-ray three-dimensional computed tomography. To compare statistical differences between groups, the Kruskal-Wallis test of SPSS Statistics ver. 27.0 (IBM) was used (α=0.05). Results: The average RMS values of the whole inner surface accuracy of the specimens were in the order of -60°<0°<-30°<30°<60° (p<0.05). The equivalent diameter and sphericity of internal pores were significantly different among groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: The build orientation of the selective laser melting method influences the accuracy and internal porosity of removable partial denture frameworks.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.42-53
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• 2013

천공 작업 시 드릴비트 버튼의 타격 속도와 타격 간격은 천공효율을 높이는데 있어 매우 중요한 요소이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 버튼의 타격 속도 및 간격에 따른 암반 파쇄성능을 분석하기 위하여 홉킨스바 시험기를 이용한 타격시험을 수행하였다. 먼저, 버튼의 타격속도에 따른 암석파쇄 현상을 분석하기 위하여 단일타격 시험을 수행하였고, 수치해석을 통해 단일 타격 시험에 대한 암석의 파쇄과정을 모사하였다. 다음으로 버튼의 타격 간격에 따른 천공효율을 예측하기 위하여 타격 후 설정된 거리만큼 암석 시료를 이동시키고 재차 타격하는 방식으로 다중타격 시험을 수행하였다. 타격시험 후 암석의 천공부피는 레이저 스캐너를 이용하여 측정하였으며, 타격에너지와 천공부피를 통해 천공성능을 계산하였다. 이러한 시험 결과를 바탕으로 직경 102 mm 드릴비트의 1회 타격 시 천공성능을 예측하였다.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.267-272
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• 2017

분산성을 높이기 위한 첨가물이 들어가지 않은 선식을 제조하기 위하여 유동형 과립기를 이용하여 분산성, 용해성, 침강성 등이 개선된 선식을 제조하였다. 선식입자는 200-325 mesh ($45-75{\mu}m$) 사이에 분포하여 미세한 분말로 구성되어 있었고 입도분석기를 이용하여 측정한 입도분포도는 $D_{50}$은 $86.2{\mu}m$, 용적평균입도($D_{4,3}$)는 $123{\mu}m$이었다. 선식제품을 유동층 과립기를 이용하여 내부온도 $40^{\circ}C$, 송풍량 $30-90m^3/h$, 시료량 300 g, 입구온도 $90^{\circ}C$, 분무압은 2.5 bar로 고정하고 바인더량과 과립시간, 건조시간의 조건을 조절하여 과립시료를 제조하였다. 과립시료는 과립화 시간과 건조시간을 합친 처리시간과 바인더로 사용한 증류수 양에 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 나타나 처리시간 20분, 바인더 양 45%일 경우에 원물에 비하여 분산성이 73.46%에서 92.25%로 증가하였고, 습윤시간은 5,000초에서 7초로 현저히 감소하였다. 입자의 침강에 의한 층 분리 현상과 침강성은 원물과 과립 시료에서 거의 차이를 보이지 않았으며 이러한 현상은 습식으로 측정한 용적평균입도($D_{4,3}$)가 원물과 과립시료가 거의 유사한 것으로 확인되어, 과립되었던 입자들이 분산 시에 단일 입자로 쉽게 붕괴되어 원물과 거의 유사한 부력과 침강성을 갖는 것으로 판단되었다. 결론적으로 유동형 과립기를 이용하여 분산성과 용해성이 개선된 선식제품의 생산이 가능하였다.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2015

In this study, the machinability of sapphire glass is tested using the powder blasting method under various blasting conditions. The thickness and diameter of the sapphire glass samples were 0.4 mm and 50.8 mm (2 inch), respectively. The machined patterns from each sample were a circle, a square, and a rectangle. The powder we used was GC #400 and #800. The blasting pressures of the powders were 2, 4, and 6 bar. The scanning time of the nozzle was 20 and the scanning speeds of the nozzle were 80, 100, and 120 mm/s. Experimental results showed that machining depths increased in proportion to blasting pressure. The machining depth of GC #800 was much higher than that of GC #400, while surface roughness was worst with GC #400. These results imply that the blasting pressure and size of the blasting powder are the most important parameters for machining sapphire glass.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.221-243
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• 1997

The objective of this study was to characterize the mechanical properties of $Y_{2}O_{3}$-containing glass infiltrated ceramic core material, which was made by pressureless powder packing method. A pure alumina powder with a grain size of about $4{\mu}m$ was packed without pressure is silicon mold to form a bar shaped sample, and applied PVA solution as a binder. Samples were sinterd at $1350^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. After cooling, $Y_{2}O_{3}$-containing glass($SiO_{2},\;Y_{2}O_{3},\;B_{2}O_{3},\;Al_{2}O_{3}$, ect) was infiltrated to the sinterd samples at $1300^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours and cooled. Six different proportions $Y_{2}O_{3}$ of were used to know the effect of the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficient between alumina powder and glass. The samples were ground to $3{\times}3{\times}30$ mm size and polished with $1{\mu}m$ diamond paste. Flexural strength, fracture toughness, hardness and other physical properties were obtained, and the fractured surface was examined with SEM and EPMA. Ten samples of each group were tested and compared with In-Ceram(tm) core materials of same size made in dental laboratory. The results were as follows : 1. The flexural strengths of group 1 and 3 were significantly not different with that of In-Ceram, but other experimental groups were lower than In-Ceram. 2. The shrinkage rate of samples was 0.42% after first firing, and 0.45% after glass infiltration. Total shrinkage rate was 0.87%. 3. After first firing, porosity rate of experimental groups was 50%, compared with 22.25% of In-Ceram. After glass infiltration, porosity rate of experimental groups was 2%, and 1% in In-Ceram. 4. There was no statistical difference in hardness between two materials tested, but in fracture toughness, group 2 and 3 were higher than In-Ceram. 5. The thermal expansion coefficients of experimental groups were varied to $4.51-5.35{\times}10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$ according to glass composition, also the flexural strengths of samples were varied. 6. In a view of SEM, many microparticles about $0.5{\mu}m$ diameter and $4{\mu}m$ diameter were observed in In-Ceram. But in experimental group, the size of most particles was about $4{\mu}m$, and a little microparticles was observed. The results obtained in this study showed that the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficients between alumina powder and infiltrated glass affect the flexural strength of alumin/glass composite. The $Y_{2}O_{3}$-containing glass infiltrated ceramic core made by powder packing method will takes less time and cost with sufficient flexural strength similar to all ceramic crown made with slip casting technique.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.474-487
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• 2011

Bars of OFHC Cu with the diameter of 45 mm were processed by equal channel angular pressing up to 16 passes via route $B_c$, and homogeneity of their microstructures and mechanical properties was examined at every four passes which develop the equiaxed ultrafine grains. In general, overall hardness, yield strength and tensile strength increased by 3, 7, and 2 times respectively compared with those of unECAPed sample. Cross-sectional hardness exhibited a concentric distribution. Hardness was the highest at the center of bar and it decreased gradually from center to surface. After 16 passes, overall hardness decreased due to recovery and partial recrystallization. Regardless of the number of passage, yield strength and tensile strength were quite uniform at all positions, but elongation showed some degree of scattering. At 4 passes, coarse and ultrafine grains coexisted at all positions. After 4 passes, uniform equiaxed ultrafine grains were obtained at the center, while uniform elongated ultrafine grains were manifested at the upper half position. At the lower half position, grains were equiaxed but its size were inhomogeneous. It was found that inhomogeneity of grain morphology and grain size distribution at different positions are to be attributed to scattering in elongation but they did not affect strength. The present results reveal the high potential of practical application of equal channel angular pressing on fabrication of large-sized ultrafine grained bars with quite homogeneous mechanical properties.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

최근에는 GPGPU(General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units)와 같은 고성능 연산장치의 보급과 함께 국방, 우주항공분야에서 암질재료에 대한 충격실험을 대신할 수 있는 3차원 동적해석기법의 개발이 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 그러나 높은 충격하중을 수반하는 암 발파 또는 소형미사일 등의 지중 관통과 같은 과정을 실험적으로 관찰하거나 계측하는 것은 암질재료의 비 균질성 및 불투명성 때문에 어려움이 있었다. 본 연구에서는 고속충돌에 의한 암석의 파괴 거동을 모사하기 위하여 3차원 동적 파괴 과정 해석 기법 (3D-DFPA)를 개발하였으며, 연산속도를 향상시키기 위하여 순차해석(explicity analysis) 및 접촉요소검색(Searching algolitm of contact elements)에 GPGPU연산이 가능한 알고리듬을 적용하였다. 제안된 동적파괴과정해석 기법에 대한 검증을 위해 Straight Notched Disk Bending (SNDB) 석회암시료에 대한 동적파괴인성시험을 모사하였고, 충격응력파의 전파과정, 암석-충격봉 경계면에서 반사 및 전달과정, 암석 시료의 파괴과정을 비교분석하여, 개발된 해석기법에 대한 검증을 수행하였다.