• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.367-377
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• 2017

This study examined the effects of the salinity of seafood wastewater on the sulfur denitrification process. An examination of the denitrification efficiency showed that the optimal EBCT was 1hr at an influent T-N concentration of 20mg/L or lower and 2-3hr at an T-N concentration of 30mg/L. An examination of the denitrification efficiency according to the nitrogen load showed that the legal effluent water quality criterion was satisfied when the influent load was maintained within $0.496kg/m^3/day$. On the other hand, the reactor volume increased when this was applied to the site. Therefore, the influent load should be within $0.372kg/m^3/day$ considering the denitrification and economic efficiency. At a load of $0.248{\sim}0.628kg/m^3{\cdot}day$, the k value was $0.0890{\sim}0.5032hr^{-1}$. The batch experimental results according to the $Cl^-$ concentration showed that at an influent nitrogen concentration of 30.0mg/L, the effect of the denitrification efficiency was not large below the salinity of $7,000mgCl^-/L$, but inhibition occurred above $9,000mgCl^-/L$. Calculations of the reaction rate constant according to the $Cl^-$ concentration showed that the reaction rate constant was $0.1049{\sim}0.2324hr^{-1}$ at a raw wastewater concentration of ${\sim}5,000mgCl^-/L$. In contrast, the k value was $0.1588hr^{-1}$ at $7,000mgCl^-/L$ and $0.1049hr^{-1}$ at $9,000mgCl^-/L$.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.109-122
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• 1979

Present study was carried out to reduce residual toxicity of BHC insecticides inherent in the organochlorine pesticides. For This end, r-isomer, the most potent insecticidal component among the BHC stereoisomers, was isolated and thus fortified by means of solvent precipitation. In parallel, 3-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-1-methyl urea was prepared in good yield from technical BHC via 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4,-trichloronitrobenzene, and 2,4,5-trichloroaniline. In addition, certain merit of the compound which make it possible to use as a herbicide is discussed. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Recrystallizing technical BHC from methanol-water binary solvent system, r-isomer was enriched to 49.7% at 95% recovery of r-isomer. 2. By partitioning technical BHC in 85% of methanolic solution into chloroform, r-isomer was fortified to 89.6% at 90.5% recovery of r-isomer. 3. Yield of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene from technical BHC was greatly dependent upon concentration of alkalies and to less degree on the alkalies. 4. Surfactants, in particular cationic a quartenary ammonium salt, increased yield of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene from technical BHC by alkaline hydrolysis. 5. Conversion of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene to 2,4,5-trichloronitrobenzene was effected almost quantitatively utilizing $HNO_3-H_2SO_4$ nitrating agent at low temperature. 6. Yield of 91.4% was observed for the synthesis of 2,4,5-trichloroaniline by reducing 2,4,5-trichloronitrobenzene in the presence of iron turning and hydrochloric acid. 7. Overall yield based on BHC of 3-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-1- methyl urea was 60.8%. 8. Inhibition effects, both germination and growth, 3-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-1-methyl urea on several crops were found comparable to or more potent than those of $linuron{\circledR}\;and\;diuron{\circledR}$. In addition, it was also noted that susceptibility to the prepared compound depended upon the crops as well as specific part (shoots, roots) of the plant exposed to the chemicals.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.135-141
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• 1979

These experiments were conducted to investigate the conditions of the acid protease production by Rhizopus oryzae and the characteristics of crude enzyme. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The optimum culture time and the optimum amount of added water to the wheat bran medium were about 48 hrs and $80{\sim}120%$, respectively. 2. The addition of $(NH_4)_6Mo_7O_{24},\;(NH_4)_2SO_4,\;NH_4NO_3$, casein, and albumin, respectively, as nitrogen sources to the wheat bran medium was effective. Of these, the optimum concentrations of addition of $(NH_4)_6Mo_7O_{24}$ and casein which were the most effective were 0.1% and 1.0%, respectively. 3. The addition of glucose, galactose, maltose, lactose, and soluble starch, respectively, as carbon sources to the wheat bran medium was effective. Of these, the optimum concentration of addition of glucose which was the most effective was 3.0%. 4. The addition of $KH_2PO_4$ as a phosphate salt to the wheat bran medium was effective. The optimum concentration of addition of $KH_2PO_4$ was 0.3%. 5. The optimum pH for the enzyme action was 2.4, the optimum temperature about $40^{\circ}C$, and the stable pH range $2.0{\sim}5.0$. The enzyme was stab1e below $40^{\circ}C$. 6. The enzyme activity increased rapidly for 10 minutes after addition, thereafter it increased slowly. 7. The enzyme activity increased rapidly to 2 ml of addition, but nearly did not increase at the amounts greater than 2ml.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.581-587
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• 2017

This study was based on the data of total mineral content of about 99% at the age of 16-26 years, we aimed at female university students who are important for bone formation in their early 20s. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors of eating habits affecting their bone density and to provide data to prevent osteoporosis which might occur in the future. It was conducted on 100 female university students in their 20s, the bone mineral density according to BMI was measured by DEAX, and the analysis of 10 eating habits items and the results of BMD measurement on their own results in Excel 2010. As a result, the height was $161.08{\pm}4.70cm$, the weight was $52.43{\pm}6.43kg$, and the BMI was $20.22{\pm}2.48$, which correlated with BMD (p<0.05). According to the BMI classification, 20 had low weight and 80 had normal weight, and BMD was $0.20{\pm}0.41$ at normal weight. In the same sex, the mean T-score of the young adult group was $-0.04{\pm}0.99$ compared with the BMD of the young adult group, and the mean Z-score of the same age group was $0.02{\pm}0.93$ (p<0.001). Eating habits affecting bone mineral density were significantly affected by 3 meals per day, 1-3 cups of coffee per day and p<0.05 for Low salt formula intake. 6-9 dairy product intake was also p<0.05 but not significant. Therefore, it is considered that when 20s female students become middle-aged woman, they should have proper eating habits so that osteogenesis can be improved at young age in order to prevent bone disease.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 1980

Hand deboned and mechanically deboned chicken meat were produced from domestic broilers and spent layers. Meat yield, chemical composition, functional characteristics, stability during storage, and microbiological properties were investigated Chicken patties and frankfurters were also manufactured by varying the relative proportion of MDCM to HDCM as raw materials, ana their palatability, shelf-life and textural properties were evaluated. The obtained results were as follows: 1) 35% of carcass wt was recovered as HDCM and 45% as MDCM, total meat yield reaching 80% of carcass wt. 2) Moisture, protein, fat, ash and Ca content of MDCM were 65, 12, 20, 1.7 and 0.2-0.4%,respectively. MDCM was higher in fat, ash and Ca, but significantly lower in moisture and protein. Total pigment content of MDCM was 2.5 times higher than that of HDCD such high content being attributed to the increased inclusion of hemoglobin. 3) The emulsifying capacity (ES) of MOCM per g meat was only 70% that of HDCM. but when ES was expressed on unit g of protein basis MDCM showed even higher ES than HDCM primarily due to tile higher proportion of salt soluble protein fraction. 4) Since the TBA values of MDCM increased rapidly after 4 weeks of frozen storage at -20$^{\circ}C$, the maximum possible storage period of MDCM is estimated to be about 4 weeks. 5) Total microbial counts of MDCM was approximately 1.8${\times}$10$\^$6/g/, showing no great difference from HDCM or red meat. 6) Chicken patty containing MDCM showed gradual increase in TBA value during frozen storage, but its storage up to 8 weeks presented no problems in flavor stability. 7) Color score an4 total palatability of chicken Patty were best for the product containing 30% MDCM. It was also concluded that MDCM can be included in the patties up to 50% of total meat with good results, but more than 70% was not recommended 8) The formulation of MDCM up to 50% in frankfurter gave quite satisfactory acceptability and textural properties comparable to frankfurter made of 100% MDCM, but the inclusion of more than 70% MDCM was not recommended 9) The TBA value of frankfurter containing MDCM did not increase to any great extent until 4 weeks of storage at 4$^{\circ}C$, indicating no unique problems in flavor instability compared to regular frankfurter. 10) It was concluded that processed meat products such as patties and frankfurters containing MDCM up to 30-50% of total meat ingredients gave satisfactory results in color, texture and palatability, comparable to regular products.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.7-15
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• 1981

A Japanese larch has been reforested very much in Korea, but it is not used as a wood resources for paper pulp by now. So this study is carried out to utilize the larchwood for paper pulp manufacture through the Asplund pulping process. The experiment on increasing in the brightness of the pulp is made through the addition of $MgSO_4$, $ZnSO_4$, $Al_2(SO_4)_3$, and KI as a cellulose stabilizer in chip treatment with caustic soda which is followed by high-temperature defibration and conventional peroxide bleaching (5% NaOH plus 2% additive salt per wood in cold pretreatment), or in high-consistency (30%) pulp bleaching of hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid (100% acitve oxygen per lignin) for conventional one. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The solution of 0.5% additive salts had different pH by the sort of bases that was pH 5.7 in $MgSO_4$, liquor, pH 4.9 for $ZnSO_4$, and pH 2.9 for $Al_2(SO_4)_3$, and in the precepitation of bases which ranged to pH 6-13 for $MgSO_4$, pH 5-12 for $ZnSO_4$, and pH 3-10 for $Al_2(SO_4)_3$. 2. The cellulose stabilizer affective in high-consistency peroxide bleaching was KI, $MgSO_4$, and $ZnSO_4$, but has made a little improvement in de lignification and brightness of pulp in comparison with no addition. 3. The higher alkalinity in the chip treatment has made the higher strength and brightness of larchwood Aspiund pulp instead of downing the pulp yield. And the effective compound for cellulose stabilizer in caustic soda pretreatment of chip was $ZnSO_4$, $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ and KI in order for the conventional peroxide bleaching after Asplund pulping. 4. Therefore, the more effective additives for cellulose stabilization in high-temperature defibration of larchwood suppose to be $ZnSO_4$, $Al_2(SO_4)_3$, and KI, while KI and $MgSO_4$ for peroxide bleaching.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.350-358
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• 1998

To determine the optimum application of fertilizers for the cultivation of tomato in plastic film house, eighteen soils which contained different salt contents were taken from four different areas under plastic film house cultivation, Youngdong, Boeun, Cheongweon county, and Cheongju city. The dry weight and the amount of N, P, and K uptakes of tomato in the plot with no fertilization were considered as the factors representing the fertility of the soil. The differences in the dry weight and in the amounts of N, P, and K uptakes of plants between the plots with fertilization and with no fertilization were considered as the factors representing the total effect of fertilizer and the effects of fertilizer N, P, and K, respectively. These factors of soil fertility and fertilizer effects were estimated by correlation and regression with the chemical properties of the soil in order to find the critical levels and recommended method for optimum fertilization of tomato. The standardized partial regression coefficients of inorganic nitrogen ($NO_3-N+NH_4-N$) contents in soil for the factors of fertility ranged from 247 to 1,159, showing the best, while those of the others ranged from 0.02 to 4.02. Those of inorganic nitrogen ($NO_3-N+NH_4-N$) contents in soil for the electrical conductivity were also the best and were ranged from 35.2 to 36.0 compared with the values of less than 1.0 of the others. These results demonstrate that the content of inorganic nitrogen in the soil is the best index for both soil fertility and electrical conductivity of the soil. The critical level of inorganic nitrogen ($NO_3-N+NH_4-N$) in the soil for maximum productivity with zero value of fertilizer effects for tomato, estimated through Cate-Nelson split method was $220mg\;kg^{-1}$. This was the same value as evaluation for the cultivation of chinese cabbage. In conclusion, for optimal application of fertilizer in plastic film house, 1) no fertilization is recommended when the contents of inorganic nitrogen in the soil is more than $220mg\;kg^{-1}$; however, 2) in the case of less than $220mg\;kg^{-1}$ of inorganic nitrogen content in the soil, the optimal level of fertilization could be estimated through the regression equation between fertilizer effects and content of inorganic nitrogen in the soil.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2006

High phosphate accumulations in greenhouse soils have been considered as a new agricultural problem in Korea. The effects of silicate on changes in phosphate fractions and on the yield of Chinese cabbage without P fertilization were investigated by pot experiment. For this experiment, P-accumulated soil was selected (Total-P; $2140mg\;kg^{-1}$). Three levels of silicate (0, 2, and $4Mg\;ha^{-1}$) without P fertilization and P fertilizer without silicate application (Si0+NPK) were applied in 1/2000a pots. The same amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were applied to the all pots. The application of $4Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of silicate greatly increased the yield of Chinese cabbage by 25% compared to Si0+NPK treatment. Although there is no significant difference in plant P absorption among all the treatments, the uptake of P in the $4Mg\;ha^{-1}$ silicate application was significantly higher than Si0+NPK treatment due to increase in yield. The content of available $SiO_2$ in soil increased with increasing silicate application rates. The Si concentration of plant showed a positive correlation with available $SiO_2$ contents in soil and the yield of Chinese cabbage. Total P greatly decreased with increasing rates of silicate application, yet the change in available P content was not significant. The Si0+NPK treatment increased the content of Ca-P by 11%, however, which was decreased by 27% in the $4Mg\;ha^{-1}$ silicate application. Therefore, the effect of silicate on reducing total-P was mainly attributed to the change in concentration of Ca-P. Our results suggest that the application of silicate in P-accumulated soils not only increase the crops yield but also reduces phosphate accumulation.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 1988

This study was carried out to determine effect of butachlor [N.-(buthoxymethyl)-2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl) acetamide] and bialaphos [2-amino-4(hydroxy)(methyl) phosphionyl] butyryl-alanylalanine sodium salt on the germination of tobacco seed, induction and growth of callus from tobacco. Further, fatty acids and ammonia content of tobacco calli were determined. Bialaphos had no effect on tobacco seed germination, but the growth of seedling was markedly affected by an application of 10 ppm bialaphos. However, regardless of varieties tested, tobacco seed germination was completely inhibited by $5{\times}10^{-5}M$ of butachlor. At an application of $5{\times}10^{-5}M$ butachlor, tobacco seeds were to some extent germinated and showed further growth. Hyangcho among varieties tested, showed the most tolerant response to butachlor. In induction of callus from various tobacco varieties and their growth, aromatic type of tobacco varieties exhibited the most tolerance against bialaphos. However, no distinct varietal differences were determined in the treatment of butachlor. The major fatty acids identified in tobacco calli were palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid. No marked difference in terms of fatty acids was observed among tobacco varieties used, but it was observed that there was the higher ratio of quantity in unsaturated fatty acids over saturated one, bialaphos treatment accumulated about 9 times higher ammonia content than that of the untreated control, giving an evidence that bialaphos might inhibit glutamine synthetase activity.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.99-104
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• 1983

Aiming at the total 200 pregnant women including 150 ones registered with the Health Center of Chung Ku District and 50 ones registered with the Health Center of Mapo District, we have conducted a research study of the socio-medical characteristics, maternal child health, and the status of nutritional intake which has utilized the application of convenient method for the study of nutritional status, during the period of April 20 to May 25, 1983. And we have obtained the following conclusions: 1. Regarding age distribution, the pregnant women aged from 26 to 30 were most numerous, which was 54.0%. The percentage of women who experienced the first pregnancy was 12.0% and the percentage of those who experienced the second pregnancy was 37.0%, which was the highest. Regarding the weeks of pregnancy of the pregnant women, the first trimesterr was 11.5%, the second trimester 30.0%, and the third trimester 58.6%. 2. Regarding academic achievements, the pregnant women who graduated from middle schools reached 43.5%, which was the highest percentage. Regarding economic status, the pregnant women who owned their own houses were only 21.0%. And the pregnant women whose monthly income was from 300,000 won to 400,000 won were 40%, which was the most numerous. 5. The women above 15 years old who experienced the first menstruation were 84.0%. And those who experienced abortion were totally 54.4%. and 35.5% among those women experienced artificial abortion. 4. 70.5% of the pregnant women said that their health condition was excellent, 24.5% felt subjective complaints, and 5.0% specially received medical consultation for their diseases. 5. 82.0% received prenatal care, but 60.5% regularly received prenatal care. 68.0% received the education for nutrition and only 19.5% regularly received the education for nutrition. 6. Regarding the family composition, the families consisting of two generations were 47.0%, which was the most numerous. 97.5% of the preparation for meals was conducted by housewives. They said that they did not lack time for meal preparation. 7. 94.9% of the pregnant women said that they had eaten as in ordinary times during their pregnancy. 25.5% said that there were tabooed foods. Tabooed foods are chiefly pork, chicken, milk, and eggs. 68.0% don't drink milk during pregnancy, 32.5% take the intake of vitamins, and 20.5% take iron supplement. 8. The average amounts of the intake of protein, fat, and carbohydrate of a pregnant women are 49.3gm, 29.4gm, and 205.1gm respectively, which showed the phenomenon in which the amount of the intake of nutrition increased as the weeks of pregnancy increased. The average amount of the intake of salt was 14.2gm. 9. Regarding the hemoglobin value of all pregnant women, those whose hemoglobin value was less than 11.0gm were 66.5%, those whose hemoglobin value was 11 to 12 gm were 16.5%. and those whose hemoglobin value was above 12gm were 17.0%. The pregnant women whose hemoglobin value was less than 11.0gm in the first trimester of pregnancy, in the second trimester, and in the trimester were 81.8%, 62.8%, and 64.9% respectively. This shows that the phenomenon of anemia increased as the weeks of pregnancy increased 10. Regarding physical development of a pregnant woman during prenatal period, the height and weight were $156.7cm{\pm}14.1$ and $51.1kg{\pm}58$ respectively. When the standard increase of a prenatal weigt gain is set as 100%, the women over the range of 100% were 28.0% and the women under the range of 80% were 37.0%.