• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2020

Turmeric pigments have been used as coloring agents and functional ingredients. In this study, the extraction property and chemical stability of the pigments were evaluated in several preservative solutions containing NaCl, sucrose, and acetic acid. After 72 h of infusion, the protein and polyphenol levels and antioxidant activity of the turmeric extracts in the solutions were less pronounced than those in water. Acetic acid (12%) was more efficient at extracting curcuminoids from turmeric than water, NaCl (20%), or sucrose (25%). Curcumin was highly abundant in all solutions. The relative yield of bisdemethoxycurcumin (BMC) was the highest in acetic acid, whereas that of curcumin was highest in NaCl and sucrose solutions. Curcuminoids were relatively stable in sucrose and acetic acid; among them, BMC had the highest stability. The stability of the curcuminoid solution decreased based on the increase in NaCl content, whereas it was significantly enhanced in sucrose and acetic acid. The observations from this study can be applied to the processing and storage of turmeric-derived products in these preservative agents.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.162-166
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of fertilization levels by soil testing on plant growth and fruit quality of musk melon in greenhouse cultivation. Leaf area and fruit weight were severely affected by fertilization level. Leaf areas were significantly reduced by 54.1% and 24.5% at 0 and 50% fertilization level compared to the 100% fertilization level, respectively. Fruit weights were reduced by 38.2% and 19.9% at 0 and 50% fertilization level compared to the 100% fertilization level, respectively. However, soluble solids and sucrose contents were increased by 1.8% and 23.3% at 50% fertilization level compared to the 100% fertilization level, respectively. These results suggest that reduction of 50% fertilization level by soil testing seem to be effective methods to reduce salt accumulation in the soil as well as increasing of fruit quality such as soluble solids and sucrose contents.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2015

Glycine betaine (GB) is one of the compatible solutes that accumulate in the chloroplasts of certain halotolerant plants under salt or cold stress. The codA gene for choline oxidase, the enzyme that converts choline into GB, has been cloned from a soil bacterium Arthrobacter globiformis. We generated transgenic sweetpotato plants [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] expressing codA gene in chloroplasts under the control of the SWPA2 promoter (referred to as SC plants) and evaluated SC plants under oxidative and drought stresses. SC plants showed enhanced tolerance to methyl viologen (MV)-mediated oxidative stress and drought stress due to induced expression of codA. At $5{\mu}M$ of MV treatment, all SC plants showed enhanced tolerance to MV-mediated oxidative stress through maintaining low ion leakage and increased GB levels compared to wild type plants. When plants were subjected to drought conditions, SC plants showed enhanced tolerance to drought stress through maintaining high relative water contents and increased codA expression compared to wild type plants. These results suggest that the SC plants generated in this study will be useful for enhanced biomass production on global marginal lands.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.574-581
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• 2016

Glasswort (Salicornia herbacea L.) is an edible halophyte that grows in salt marshes. In the present study, anti- and pro-oxidant activities and cytotoxic properties of glasswort were investigated. Solvent fractions, including fractions of hexane, ethylether (Fr.E), ethylacetate (Fr.EA), butanol and water, were prepared from a 70% methanol extract of glasswort aerial parts. Fr.EA contained the highest levels of total polyphenols and flavonoids, showing the strongest scavenging activities against DPPH and ABTS radicals, and nitrite. In addition Fr.EA showed the most potent cytotoxic effects on HCT-116 colon cancer cells and INT-407 normal intestinal cells, followed by Fr.E. Most fractions also decreased the level of reactive oxygen species in the treated cells, but generated $H_2O_2$ in the medium. The cytotoxic activity of Fr.EA was more pronounced in the presence of ascorbic acid or N-acetylcysteine. These results indicate that the fractions from aerial parts of glasswort exhibit both anti- and pro-oxidant activities, and these activities modulate cytotoxic properties.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.1023-1035
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• 2015

This study applies 3-D N-S solver based on PBM (Porous Body Model), LED-WASS-3D ver 2.0 to directly analyze non-linear interaction of seawater-freshwater-coastal aquifer in order to simulate the seawater infiltration into coastal aquifer. This numerical simulation is the first trial in Korea, as well as unusual and new numerical analysis abroad. Firstly, to validate the applied numerical model, the validity and effectiveness was verified for the numerical model by comparing and considering it with the result of laboratory experiment for seawater-freshwater interface in coastal aquifer. And then it simulated the seawater infiltration into coastal aquifer considering the changed levels of seawater and groundwater in order to analyze the distribution characteristics of flow field and seawater-freshwater interface of coastal aquifer as the level difference between seawater and groundwater and rate of seawater level (${\Delta}h/h$) increased. In addition, the characteristics of seawater infiltration were analyzed from the vertical salinity in the coastal aquifer by ${\Delta}h/h$, which cannot be obtained from existing non-diffusion numerical models. Finally, it analyzed the effect of ${\Delta}h/h$ on the seawater infiltration distance in coastal aquifer, which was indexed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.80-87
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• 2001

Global robust diagnostic models are established based on MOM of GFDL to study the circulation in the world ocean. The horizontal grid sizes 1/2 degree, and the vertical water column is divided into 21 levels. The hydrographic data are taken from Levitus et al.(1994) and the wind stress from Hellerman and Rosenstein (1983). Based on the model results the horizontal volume, heat and salt transports across some representative sections are calculated. The preliminary results show that Though the cross-equator volume transports in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans are all small, the heat transports across equator in the Atlantic are northward. This is clearly a result of the southward flow of the North Atlantic Deep Water and the northward compensating warm flow in the upper layer. The annual mean of the cross-equator heat transport in the Pacific Ocean from the present model is significantly lower than that calculated by Philander et at. (1987). This might indicate the importance of the Indonesian Throughflow in the heat transport in the Pacific Ocean. Our calculation shows that the heat transport through the Indonesian Archipelago is 0.5 PW, which is comparable with the poleward heat transport in the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The difference in heat transports across the sections 5 and 6 demonstrates the important role of the Agulhas Current in the heat balance of the world ocean.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of green tea in mayonnaise against pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium). Mayonnaise was prepared with salad oil, egg yolk, sugar, salt and vinegar, and green tea powder was added to the mayonnaise at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5% for the experiment. Then, the mayonnaise samples with various levels of green tea were inoculated with about 10$\^$6/ cells/g of E. coli and S. typhimurium per 1 gram of mayonnaise and stored at 5$^{\circ}C$, 15$^{\circ}C$ and 25$^{\circ}C$ for 3∼9 days. Antibacterial activity of green tea was tested by the colony counting method for E. coli on violet red bile agar(VRBA) and S. typhimurium on xylose lysine desoxycholate agar(XLDA). The D-values of E. coli controls were 2.89, 2.73 and 2.13 days while those of S. typhimurium controls were 0.58, 0.53 and 0.52 days at 5$^{\circ}C$, 15$^{\circ}C$ and 25$^{\circ}C$, respectively Inhibitory effect of green tea in mayonnaise on the survival of E. coli and S. typhimurium was increased with increasing concentration of green tea and/or increasing storage temperature. The most effective antibacterial activity of green tea was shown against E. coli in mayonnaise during storage at 25$^{\circ}C$.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.326-328
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• 2004

Domestic pear has been reported that it contained a pretense, which used for tenderizer of meat, however no researches for optimum level of the enzyme with maximum tenderness effect have been studied. Thus, this study was peformed to determine the optimum level of a protease for meat tenderness. Moisture contents (％) of domestic pears was determined. A pretense was homogenized in a mixer and centrifuged at 10,000 G for 1hr. After taken the supernatant, dialysis was conducted to remove salts and sugars, and freeze-dried. Then, various level (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2％) of the purified pretense were added to pork loins (3cm thickness). Then, pork samples were boiled at 80 for 12 min in a water bath to reach the interval temperature of 71 and chilled in an ice. Moisture contents (％) of domestic pears ranged from 87.2 and 87.8％. No differences in cooking loss of pork meats were observed (p>0.05) among various levels of a pretense. After centrifugation, the protein concentrations of a protease showed from 5.96 $\mu\textrm{g}$/fmL to 7.25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. Increased level of a pretense up to 0.1％ reduced (p<0.05) the shear value (kg/g), however no further reduction of shear value was observed at the level of higher than 0.1％ of the purified pretense. The approximate molecular weight of the pretense analysed by sodium-dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was 30 kDa. These results suggest that the optimum level of a pretense for the maximum effect of meat tenderness is above 0.1％. Further research will be peformed to determine the effect of various domestic pears and ingredients, such as salt and phosphate, on meat tenderness.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.12 s.214
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• pp.61-78
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• 2005

This study was peformed to assess the relationships among bone mineral density(BMD), nutrient intake and lifestyle factors in postmenopausal women. A trained nutritionist examined the interviewed usual dietary intake and physical activity of 85 subjects in Chungnam with a questionnaire interview, and BMDs of the lumbar spines($L_2-L_4$), femoral necks(FN), ward's triangles(WT) and trochanters(TR) were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The BMDs(T-score) of $L_2-L_4$, FN, and WT were $0.996g/cm^2(-1.601),\;0.697g/cm^2(-1.697)$, and $0.793g/cm^2(-1.512)$, respectively, which were assessed as osteopenia by T-score,. and TR was normal at $0.718g/cm^2(-0.675)$. Subjects included 85 in Chungnam were divided into three groups according to the BMD measurement of the $L_2-L_4$ and FN assessed by T-score. The percentages of the osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal groups were $32.9\%,\;42.4\%$ and $24.7\%$ respectively. The average age was significantly the highest of the osteoporosis group than in the other two osteopenia or normal groups(P<0.001). Among lifestyle factors, the BMD of lifestyles was significantly related with exercise but it was not significant with medication., salt. intake, bone fracture, coffee consumption, drinking and smoking. The nutrient intake of the subjects was most nutrient intake adequate to the Korean RDA level for most nutrients excepting energy intakes and calcium. The BMD of lumbar spines $L_2-L_4$ showed significant positive association with the intake of most nutrients except carbohydrate, especially in the normal group. The Higher BMD levels were found for those with high intake of protein and vitamin B1. The BMDs of $L_2-L_4$, and FN were positively correlated with showed energy expenditure, exercise, miscellaneous activity, per weekend and week(P<0.05) in normal group but that was showed negatively correlated in the osteopenia group. Therefore, this study confirmed that one of the most effective ways to minimize bone less in postmenopausal women is to maintain an adequate intake of calcium and other nutrients and regular physical activity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1132-1139
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• 2018

The stability of diverse cellular proteins in eukaryotes is regulated via ubiquitination. Moreover, E3 ligase plays a crucial role in determining substrate specificity and transfers ubiquitins into the substrates during the ubiquitination process. As a type of multi-subunit E3 ligase, cullin4 (CUL4)-based E3 ligase (CRL4) complex is involved in a variety of cellular processes, such as hormonal and stress responses in plants. In spite of several reports on the versatile roles of CRL4 in various signalings in Arabidopsis, CRL4's function in rice has been poorly known. To learn about CRL4-mediated cellular processes in rice in more detail, OsCUL4 that exhibits the highest homology with Arabidopsis CUL4 was isolated, and its expression patterns in various tissues and in response to plant hormones and abiotic stresses were monitored. Exogenous application of ABA or cytokinin increased the transcript levels of the OsCUL4 gene. Moreover, OsCUL4 was significantly upregulated in response to drought and salt stresses. These findings imply that OsCUL4 may be functionally related to ABA- and/or cytokinin-mediated cellular responses. OsCUL4 directly interacted with OsDDB1, an adaptor protein of CRL4, indicating that OsCUL4 can act as a scaffold protein of CRL4. An expression study on the OsCUL4 gene from this report could be used as a starting point to elucidate cellular responses in which a CRL4-mediated ubiquitination process is involved in rice.