• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.287-297
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to investigate the Improvement of fiber surface, tenacity & elogation, fabric counts, thickness, handle, moisture regain, static voltage, handle, dyeability when polyester fabrics are treated with NaOH solution adding quartemary ammonium salt (Benzyl dimetyl dodecyl ammonium chloride . BDMDAC) The results are as follows. I. In regard to the method of processing VET, when the PET fabrics are alkaline-hydrolyzed adding BDMDAC, the weight loss of PET fabrics increased remarkably to the increse of BDMDAC concentration than when they are treated only in NaOH solution. When PET fabrics are alkaline-hydrolyzed the amount of BDMDAC as the catalyst is proper lg/1 II. The change in physical & chemical properties of alkaline-hydrolyzed PET fabrirs. 1. As the amount of the weight loss on PET fabrics increased, the void space of the PET yale increased but tenacity & elongation and thickness decreased. 2. The fabric counts of PET increased due to shrinkage by alkaline-hydrolydzing. 3. As the amount of of the weight loss on PET fabrics increased. NUMERI, FUKURAMI, increaseed and KOSHI decreased and Total hand value(T.H.V) in all cases increaseed. When the weight Ioss is 30.9% T.H.V. is best. 4. Moisture regain of PET fabrics a little increased by alkaline-hydrolyzing treatment. As the weight loss increased, static voltage is decreased. 5. The last dye absorption is different according to the degree of the Affinity. In regard to the difference of dye color, the dyestuff of low molecular weight dyed for deep color.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.245-252
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• 2018

The rose bengal reagent, based on the phase transfer catalysis technique, is a calcium-targeting reagent that forms an insoluble salt that does not dissolve in a neutral or basic solution. It is expected to be effective in developing a latent fingerprint in a wet sample. However, many previous studies did not observe the fluorescence of the developed fingerprints, nor were the proposed methods of producing the reagents the optimal develop conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the optimum reagent composition of rose bengal by varying the concentration of rose bengal dye and phase transfer catalyst based on maximum emission fluorescence of rose bengal. As a result, it was confirmed that rose bengal and surfactant concentration were the most effective when 0.01M: 0.008M, respectively.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2015

In this study, the model biomass was used for hydrogen production by supercritical water gasification (SCWG). Model biomasses were glycerol, glycine, lignin and cellulose. The feed concentration was set to 1 wt%. Experiments were conducted in a reactor at $440^{\circ}C$ and above 26.3 MPa for 30 min. The effects of catalysts such as alkali metal salt ($K_2CO_3$ and $Na_2CO_3$) and transition metal salts ($Ni(NO_3)_2$, $Fe(NO_3)_3$ and $Mn(NO_3)_2$) on the gasification were systematically investigated. No tar or coke was observed in all experiments. The results showed that the gasification efficiency increased with various catalysts. For the cellulose and glycerol, all catalysts were effective for the promoted $H_2$ production compared with no catalyst. The significant decrease of $H_2$ production compared with no catalyst was observed with $Na_2CO_3$ and $Fe(NO_3)_3$ for glycine and lignin. respectively. The highest H2 production, 1.24 mmol was obtained for glycerol-SCWG with $Mn(NO_3)_2$. Conclusively, the addition of $Mn(NO_3)_2$ enhanced all model biomass gasification efficiency and increased the hydrogen production promoting the supercritical water reaction.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 1994

Synthesis of benzophenone by oxidation of diphenylmethane at room temperature is studied using Aliquat 336 as phase transfer catalyst and potassium tert-butoxide as base. No other study has shown that diphenylmethane can be oxidized to benzophenone with quaternary ammonium salt as phase transfer catalyst. However, in presence of Aliquat 336, higher than 30% of benzophenone was yielded. The conversion of diphenylmethane was increased with increasing amount of Aliquat 336 and Potassium tert-butoxide. Higher partial pressure of oxygen favored conversion of diphenylmethane and selectivity of benzophenone by increasing the concentration of oxygen in organic solvent A reaction mechanism involving the role of Aliquat 336 was also proposed.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2007

The study on the isomerization reaction of endo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene and endo-tetrahydrodi(methylcyclopentadiene) using heteropolyacid catalyst was carried out. Exo compound was prepared from endo compound through isomerization reaction. To improve the problem of aluminum chloride as an isomerization catalyst, application of heteropolyacid was attempted. In use of Keggin type heteropolyacid, catalytic activity was extremely high at cesium substitution instead of 2.5 hydrogen atoms of $H_3PW_{12}O_{40}$. Using the cesium substituted heteropolyacid, isomerization reaction rate was faster than aluminum chloride and the effect of reaction temperature and times on reactivities were compared in isomerization of tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene and tetrahydrodi(methylcyclopentadiene).

• Ceramist
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.388-405
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• 2018

In this paper, we review about current development of electrode materials for Li-ion batteries and catalysts for fuel cells. We scrutinized various electrode materials for cathode and anode in Li-ion batteries, which include the materials currently being used in the industry and candidates with high energy density. While layered, spinel, olivine, and rock-salt type inorganic electrode materials were introduced as the cathode materials, the Li metal, graphite, Li-alloying metal, and oxide compound have been discussed for the application to the anode materials. In the development of fuel cell catalysts, the catalyst structures classified according to the catalyst composition and surface structure, such as Pt-based metal nanoparticles, non-Pt catalysts, and carbon-based materials, were discussed in detail. Moreover, various support materials used to maximize the active surface area of fuel cell catalysts were explained. New electrode materials and catalysts with both high electrochemical performance and stability can be developed based on the thorough understanding of earlier studied electrode materials and catalysts.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.500-508
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• 2024

Recently, there has been increasing interest in enhancing the indoor air quality, particularly in response to the growing utilization of public facilities. The focus of this study was on assessing the efficacy and safety of an air sterilizer equipped with electrolytic salt catalysts. To that end, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the vapor spraying from the air sterilizer and its cytotoxicity in condensed form on human cell lines (HaCaT, BEAS-2B, and THP-1). Against the test organisms, which comprised five bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium) and one fungal strain (Candida albicans), the air sterilizer exhibited relatively high antimicrobial activities ranging from 10.89 to 73.98% following 1 and 3 hr of vapor spraying, which were notably time-dependent. Importantly, cytotoxicity assessments on human cells indicated no significant harmful effect even at a 1.0% concentration. Comprehensive safety evaluations included morphological observations, gene expression (Bcl-2, Bax) tests, and FACS analysis of intracellular ROS levels. Consistent with previous cytotoxicity findings, these estimates demonstrated no significant changes, highlighting the air sterilizer's safety and antimicrobial activities. In a simulated 20-hr operation within an indoor environment, the air sterilizer not only showed an 89.4% removal of total bacteria but also a 100.0% removal of Escherichia sp. and fungi. This research outlines the potential of the developed electrolytic salt catalyst air sterilizer to effectively remove indoor microbial pollutants without compromising human safety, underscoring the solution that it offers for improving indoor air quality.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.262-268
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• 1973

p-Phenylenediamine was tetrazotized with sodium nitrite in an excess amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid media at -10$^{\circ}$C. It was also tetrazotized almost completely in 45% perchloric acid media. The two diazo groups in the tetrazonium salt were substituted by halogen, and the degree of tetrazotization reaction was observed by dihalobenzene yielded. The result of the tetrazotization was dependent upon the stability of the tetrazonium salt, and the stability was determined by concentration and quantity of the acid media. In dilute acid media the tetrazonium salt was unstable and completely decomposed. In concentrated acid media, though the tetrazonium salt was stable, tetrazotization reaction was retarded. To harmonize the two opposing tendencies it was advisable to find the optimum acidity of media at which the salt was fairly stable. About $40{\sim}45$% of the acid media was suitable. The fact that the $H^+$ ion behaved as a negative catalyst supported the assumption that the diazotization reaction is primarily a reaction between the free amine and a nitroso group. The reaction of tetrazotization is expressed with respect to the kinetics and mechanism of diazotization.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.539-542
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• 1999

In this study, acrylate salt material of new chemical composition for injection grouting was prepared in the state of aqueous solution, and the chemical and physical properties of the material were investigated. The gelation time of the material was freely controllable through the control of added catalysts amount. As the viscosity of the material was very low (2∼3cps), its injection efficiency was expected to be very excellent. The variation of its viscosity plotted with the process of gelation revealed that the efficiency of its penetration into the ground soil was very excellent. The LD$\sub$50/ test on white mouse verified the toxicity of the material was very slight and substantially negligible. The grouting effect using the material was examined through field case histories.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.319-331
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• 2013

Electrodialysis with bipolar membranes (EDBM) has recently gained increasing attention for the recovery and production of acids or bases from the corresponding salt solutions and other high value-added business like food processing and biochemical industry. EDBM possesses economical and environmental benefits and can complex with other process such as ion exchange process, extraction and adsorption. So this paper investigates a brief overview of development for bipolar membrane and EDBM with the practical application.