• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 1988

Natural mineral water is generally quite different from ordinary drinking water due to its original nature and various properties. The complexity of natural mineral water requires, therefore, not only to identify its nature and proper characteristics, but also to classify them by a reasonable scientific basis of comparison. The study was concentrated on a possible classification technique to natural mineral waters by their constitutions and physico-ehemical properties. The classification was carried out by the computation of such numerical parameters as ionic equivalent percentage, electrolytic conductance or mobility, ionic molecular weight, molecular concentration, equivalent conductivity and degree of ionization in consideration of the determinative criteria as follows -particular single element or molecule -major components of natural waters as bicarbonate, sulphate, chloride,caloride, calcium, magnesium, and sodium -moleculat concentration related to blood osmotic pressure -water temperature at emergence from spring -contents of free carbon dioxide (CO2) -pH value of water -total dissolved solids or salts (NaCl) The results obtained proved out to be clearly distinguhhable from ordinary drinking water as far as concern natural mineral water as an example on the subject -simple water -bicarbonate-predominating water -cold spring -carbonated-non gaseous water -weak alkaline water -non saline water Putting these various results together, the sample turned out to be a kind of natural mineral water that can be used as a drinking water if microbiologically safe.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2002

The effect of a salinity on the performance of a biological nutrient removal system was investigated using a model SBR(Sequencing Bach Reactor) system. The system was operated at a 12hr, 18hr, 24hr, and 36hr HRT with a salinity level of 20,000mg/L and compared with a system similarly operated with fresh water. The influent salinity level of 8,000 mg/L does not have a significant effect on BOD removal efficiency, there is a noticeable decrease in BOD removal rate from 10,000 mg Cl-/L. The Nitrogen could be removed from the saline wastewater with the same efficiency as for the fresh water because of low C/N ratio in anoxic period. The excess biological phosphorous removal is highly affected by the increase in the influent salinity. The efficiency is decreased from 96.6% to 43.4% when the influent salinity is increased from 0 to 20,000mg/L.

• 약학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.70-75
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• 1985

The influence of polyethylene glycol derivatives on heparin release from cylindrical monolithic type silicone segment devices was examined in physical saline solution. This water-soluble carrier caused the devices to absorb the water in aqueous media. The release rate of heparin from the devices was increased as molecular weight of polyethylene glycol was increased. Water soluble carrier incorporated into silitone segment devices permits controlled release of heparin that otherwise would be released extremly slowly from the polymer. Heparin released from the silicone segment containing polyethylene glycol showed the first-order kinetics. Without changing the release-pattern, the release rate of heparin could be controlled by varing molecular weight of polyethylene glycol, the water-soluble carrier and depleting polyethylene glycol on the outlayer of devices. The mechanism of release probably showed the creation of pore or microdomine through the devices secondary to the swelling.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2019년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.241-242
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• 2019

This technology is a water leak repair technology using composite materials of concrete structures that block leakage of structures by injecting rapid microcement into the face of underground concrete to block water and injecting flexible glycidylacrylate. Rapid micro cement system repair materials are mixed with fine fibers to improve the flexural sensitivity of the material and to form a layer that blocks stabilized water at the back of the structure by allowing rapid and tight spatial filling during injection with high cohesion The glycidylacrylate repair material can control the expansion rate, and the external stress also has the characteristic that the form of the material is not destroyed or separated, which can also be applied to vibrating induced structures that produce repetitive fatigue loads, and has an effective durability in saline, alkali, acid (chloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid).

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1997년도 제5회 하계 Workshop (97 한,카 국제공동 Workshop, 고도 수처리를 위한 막분리 공정)
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• pp.143-158
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• 1997

Electrochemical deionization (EDI) offers continuous demineralization at higher water recovery rates (>90%), compared with mixed bed ion exchange, and without the use of chemical regenerants and the associated production of saline waste water. Although EDI technology has been used in some power generation applications, its wider application requires the satisfactory resolution of outstanding capital cost and performance issues. This paper reports on the field evaluation of a new cost-effective EDI technology in a power generation application. The E-Cell System$^{TM}$, which became commercially available in the fourth quarter of 1996, consists of a rugged, modular system, based on a new high-performance EDI stack. Starting in May 1996, a 100 gpm modular EDI pilot system, rated for operation at 100 psi, was evaluated at the TVA Brown's Ferry Nuclear Plant. The feed consisted of Reverse Osmosis (RO) permeate with a conductivity of 4-7 $\mu$S/cm. The pilot system reliably produced 17.8-18.0 M$\Omega$.cm water under design operating conditions, independent. Silica levels were reduced from ca. 50 ppb to 4 ppb, while TOC levels were reduced from ca. 120 ppb to 30 ppb.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.674-678
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• 2010

Medetomdine의 투여가 흰쥐의 진통과 진정효과에 미치는 영향에 대하여 평가하였다. 실험동물은 생리식염수 1 ml/kg 투여군 (group 'Saline'), butorphanol, 2.0 mg/kg 투여군 (group 'BUT'), medetomidine, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 or 1.6 mg/kg 투여군 (각각 group 'MED0.2', 'MED0.4', 'MED0.8' and 'MED1.6') 등 6개의 실험군으로 나누어졌다. 진통효과는 $50^{\circ}C$ hot-water tail-flick latency test로 측정하였고, 진정효과는 numerical sedation score (NSS)와 정위반사 (righting reflex)로 평가하였다. MED0.2군을 제외한 모든 medetomidine 투여군들이 Saline군에 비해 유의적인 진통효과의 증가를 보였다. MED0.2군과 비교할 때 MED0.4와 MED0.8군은 유의적인 진통효과의 상승을 보였으나, MED1.6군은 유의적인 변화를 보이지 않았다. BUT군과 모든 medetomidine 투여군은 진통효과에서 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. Saline과 butorphanol의 투여는 진정효과와 정위반사의 소실을 유발하지 않았다. Medetomidine의 투여 용량의 증가는 진정효과를 증가시켰다. MED0.2군과 비교할 때 MED0.4, MED0.8과 MED1.6군의 NSS가 유의적으로 증가하였으나, MED0.4군에 비해서는 MED0.8과 MED1.6군이 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 정위반사의 소실 시간은 MED0.2군에 비해 MED0.8과 MED1.6군이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 본 실험의 결과로 볼 때, 흰쥐에서 medetomidine 0.4에서 0.8 mg/kg 이내의 용량을 복강내 투여할 때 신뢰할 수 있는 진통효과와 진정효과를 동시에 얻을 수 있으며, 따라서 흰쥐의 진정, 진통 및 화학적 보정 목적에 적절한 용량임을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.351-358
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• 2012

To investigate the environmental adaptation and ecophysiological characteristics of Suaeda maritima and S. asparagoides under saline conditions, plant growth and density were analyzed according to environmental changes of habitats. The total ion content of soil decreased with time, which was caused by the predominance of exchangeable $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ in the upper layers. The population of S. maritima was more densely distributed in the region with higher ion contents of $Cl^-$, $Mg^{2+}$, $K^+$ and $Na^+$ than the population of S. asparagoides. Both species were showed a decreased population density according to increases in plant growth. Under the conditions of a salt field, S. maritima and S. asparagoides contained high inorganic ions to maintain low water potential, but low water soluble carbohydrate contents. In the case of free amino acid, S. maritima showed an especially high proline content, and contained rather large amounts of free amino acids, whereas S. asparagoides did not. Both species showed high inorganic ion contents in the leaves, which might be a mechanism of avoiding the ionic toxicity by diluting the accumulated ionic concentration with a high ratio of water content to dry weight. This result suggests that S. maritima seems to adapt to saline conditions by accumulating proline in addition to inorganic ions. S. asparagoides seems to adapt by osmoregulation processes, using inorganic ions rather than free amino acids.

• 약학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 1978

In order to study the growth and survival of enteric pathogens causing water-borne infections in sewage, the filter-sterilized and autoclaved sewages of Dae Gu City were inoculated with Salmonella typhimuriuim, Shigella flexneri 2a, Sh. sonnei I, Vibrio eltor and V. parahaemolyticus, as test series and Escherichia coli as control. After varying periods of incubation up to 15 days at $4^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, $25^{\circ}$ and $37^{\circ}C$, viable cells in the inoculated sewages were counted by colony count technique. Distilled water and 0.9% saline were subjected to inoculation of the organisms was observed in the filter-sterilized and autoclaved sewages at $4^{\circ}$ and the sewages became sterile within a few days. At $15^{\circ}$, no growth and rapid inactivation of the organisms in the filter-sterilized sewage and slight or no growth in the autoclaved sewage was noted. Some viable cells were found in the autoclaved sewage after 15 days. A considerable growth was observed in the filter-sterilized and autoclayed sewages, at $25^{\circ}$ and $37^{\circ}$, and large numbers of viable cells were found even after 15days of incubation. In general, the autoclaved sewage supproted the growth more noticeably than the filter-sterilized, except for V.parahaemolyticus which grew well in filter-sterilized sewage. No marked difference was noted between incubations at $25^{\circ}$ and $37^{\circ}$, but V. parahaemolyticus showed a slightly more active growth at $25^{\circ}$ than at $37^{\circ}$. Distilled water inactivated the organisms within a few days, but saline supported the growth at $25^{\circ}$ and $37^{\circ}$. Marked differences were noted in the survival test of sewages pathogens of different origins.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2005

Complex physical, chemical and biological interactions off the Korean coast created several striking patterns in the phytoplankton blooms, which became conspicuous during the measurements of ocean color from space. This study concentrated on analyzing the spatial and temporal aspects of phytoplankton chlorophyll variability in these areas using an integrated dataset from a Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), Advanced Very High Resolution (AVHRR) sensor, and Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) sensor. The results showed that chlorophyll concentrations were elevated in coastal and open ocean regions, with strong summer and fall blooms, which appeared to spread out in most of the enclosed bays and neighboring waters due to certain oceanographic processes. The chlorophyll concentration was observed to range between 3 and $54\;mg\;m^{-3}$ inside Jin-hae Bay and adjacent coastal bays and 0.5 and $8\;mg\;m^{-3}$ in the southeast sea offshore waters, this gradual decrease towards oceanic waters suggested physical transports of phytoplankton blooms from the shallow shelves to slope waters through the influence of the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC) along the Tsushima Strait. Horizontal distribution of potential temperature $(\theta)$ and salinity (S) of water off the southeastern coast exhibited cold and low saline surface water $(\theta and warm and high saline subsurface water $({\theta}>12^{\circ}C; S>34.4)$ at 75dBar, corroborating TWC intrusion along the Tsushima Strait. An eastward branch of this current was called the East Korean Warm Current (EKWC), tracked with the help of CTD data and satellite-derived sea surface temperature, which often influenced the dynamics of mesoscale anticyclonic eddy fields off the Korean east coast during the summer season. The process of such mesoscale anticyclonic eddy features might have produced interior upwelling that could have shoaled and steepened the nutricline, enhancing phytoplankton population by advection or diffusion of nutrients in the vicinity of Ulleungdo in the East Sea.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.68-81
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• 1984

한국 서남해역에 있어서 식물플랑크톤의 군집구조와 분포를 밝히기 위하여 1980년 여름에 수평적, 수직적으로 채집한 정량 자료를 분석하였다. 연구해역은 상이한 水塊를 대표하는 상이한 3개의 특징적인 군집을 이루고 있음을 보여준다. 제 1 군집은 대부분 연안성 및 내수성 硅藻類로 구성되어 서남해의 연안 수역을 대표하며, 제 2 군집은 외양성 및 연안성 구조류와 2-3종의 鞭毛藻類로 구성되어 黑潮의 지류로 생각되는 高鹽 水性인 제주 부근의 수역을 대표한다. 제 3 군집은 주로 소형인 鞭毛藻류와 微細藻類로 구성되고 底鹽 수성인 중간 수역을 대표하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 식물플랑크톤과 환경요인의 수직분포에서 세포수, chlorophyll-a, 및 용존산소등이 특히 계절적인 pycnocline 부근의 수층에서 높은 농도를 보여준다. nanoplankton은 군집내에서 90% 이상에 이를 만큼 점유율을 보여 중요성이 높음을 나타낸다.