• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.247-270
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• 2009

This paper reviews studies on information searching behavior in process control systems and discusses some implications learned from previous studies for use in human factors studies on nuclear power plants (NPPs) main control rooms (MCRs). Information searching behavior in NPPs depends on expectancy, value, salience, and effort. The first quantitative scanning model developed by Senders for instrument panel monitoring considered bandwidth (change rate) of instruments as a determining factor in scanning behavior. Senders' model was subsequently elaborated by other researchers to account for value in addition to bandwidth. There is also another type of model based on the operator's situation awareness (SA) which has been developed for NPP application. In these SA-based models, situation-event relations or rules on system dynamics are considered the most significant factor forming expectancy. From the review of previous studies it is recommended that, for NPP application, (1) a set of symptomatic information sources including both changed and unchanged symptoms should be considered along with bandwidth as determining factors governing information searching (or visual sampling) behavior; (2) both data-driven monitoring and knowledge-driven monitoring should be considered and balanced in a systematic way; (3) sound models describing mechanisms of cognitive activities during information searching tasks should be developed so as to bridge studies on information searching behavior and design improvement in HMI; (4) the attention-situation awareness (A-SA) modeling approach should be recognized as a promising approach to be examined further; and (5) information displays should be expected to have totally different characteristics in advanced control rooms. Hence much attention should be devoted to information searching behavior including human-machine interface (HMI) design and human cognitive processes.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the roles of expected self-control and expected self-control results in explaining adolescents' Internet addiction. In the study model, expectations of self-control and self-control results directly determine Internet addiction and Internet use time meditates the impacts of expectations of self-control and self-control results on Internet addiction. The study subjects are 1,080 middle and high school students in Busan. Stratified cluster sampling is applied by school type and school year. The response rate is 96%(l,037cases). This study develops the scales of expected self-control and expected self-control results. The scales of Internet addiction are devised by using the concept of functional dependency such as salience, withdrawal symptoms, mood modification, tolerance, relapse, and conflict. For verifying the study model, path analysis and multiple regression models are applied for identifying path significants and evaluating confounding effects of control variables, respectively. Moreover, multi partial F-test is performed for selecting the best regression model. Expected self-control is a significant determinant of Internet addiction and Internet use time that also significantly explains Internet addiction. The total effect of expected self-control towards Internet addiction is -.95. The total effect is comprised with the direct effect (-.71) and the indirect effect(-.24). In this result, the direct effect refers a curative effect since expected self-control directly reduces the level of Internet addiction, and the indirect effect refers a preventive effect because self-control can reduce time of Internet use that is a direct determinant of Internet addiction. In the test of the confounding effects of control variables, there are no confounding effects in the models of multiple regression. It implies a robustness of the study model as regards control variables. In conclusion, improving adolescents' expected self-control can control Internet addiction level. This finding implies that a health promotion program for improving expected self-control can be a cost effective method compared to other approaches.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.87-100
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• 2011

In this paper, we address a video summarization task as generating both visually salient and semantically important video segments. In order to find salient data points, one can use the OC-SVM (One-class Support Vector Machine), which is well known for novelty detection problems. It is, however, hard to incorporate into the OC-SVM process the importance measure of data points, which is crucial for video summarization. In order to integrate the importance of each point in the OC-SVM process, we propose a fuzzy version of OC-SVM. The Importance-based Fuzzy OC-SVM weights data points according to the importance measure of the video segments and then estimates the support of a distribution of the weighted feature vectors. The estimated support vectors form the descriptive segments that best delineate the underlying video content in terms of the importance and salience of video segments. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithm on several synthesized data sets and different types of videos in order to show the efficacy of the proposed algorithm. Experimental results showed that our approach outperformed the well known traditional method.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2017

This paper explores the characteristics of curated news content. With content analysis of 1020 news clips, the study found that news values immersed in card news differed from those of traditional news. Specifically, timeliness was not regarded as a key factor in newsworthiness. Rather, information and social impacts were highly emphasized. Considering news consumers depend on traditional news for timely news, curated news content was not a replacement for traditional news but a supplement. By refurbishing photos from previous news reports and googling the web for related information, curated news reiterates social meaning and provides relevant information. Furthermore, salience of human interest can be explained by entertaining characteristics of curated news. In story forms, the list technique has several important points to stress, and was more frequently used than inverted pyramids. Another key finding of this study is man-on-the street as the most quoted main sources in the curatorial context.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.572-583
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• 2007

This paper investigates Centering-based metrics to evaluate ordering of utterances for text structuring. We point out a problem of MIN.NOCB metric which has been regarded as the simplest and best measure to evaluate coherence of ordering within Centering framework, and propose a new Centering-based metric, MAX.CPS as an alternative or supplementary one. This paper introduces a framework which pre-estimates the effectiveness of a metric on a given input ordering, and selects an applicable metric according to the pre-estimation result. Using this framework, we propose a new policy which can generate more optimal ordering within Centering framework. Moreover, we evaluate several kinds of Cf-ranking methods in terms of Centering-based metrics, and find that simply ranking entities by their linear order is generally the most suitable because of characteristics in Korean.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.129-136
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• 2009

Unlike former researches, this study for developing the caricature generator began observing the methods that other caricature experts have adopted. According to the observation, it seemed that experts tried to exaggerate characteristics of the target shape from other similar objects. When we are saying "This is similar to that," we give salience to their difference among the identical form groups. This study was to find the most similar geometry form to the target shape and then to transform its form through exaggeration. The research scope was restricted to exaggerate the outline shape of two-dimensional looped curve as a caricature form. For this, the author discussed the following: (a) organization method of four kinds of similar geometry form database, (b) search method to find the pertinent similar geometry form, (c) arrangement method for those searched data, and (d) method to exaggerate the target shape. Human faces and cars were selected as research categories to make the database. According to the survey over the transformed results, it was proved its possibility.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2020

Various imperative statements that can be represented in the way in which the product or service is used describe how or how to achieve the goals, or induce or prohibit a specific action. This study focuses on The Effects of age and type of imperative sentence (directive vs. declarative) on behavioral intention and recall. As a result of the experiment, older people who have shorter lives remaining access information in a more emotional way, so they have been rejected by directive (vs. declarative) statements that felt more negative feelings, resulting in lowered behavioral intention. Conversely, the negative feeling caused by directive statements increased salience of directive (vs. declarative) sentence for older people more, which in turn increased memory for older people. Process analysis showed that emotions when exposed to statements mediated these results. The results of this study show that in order to improve consumers' behavioral response and/or the performance of information processing, it is necessary to deeply consider their age and how to construct the statement.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.36-56
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• 2010

The number of studies on e-government has increased rapidly in South Korea while the government has implemented world-class e-government. However, there has been little effort to assess the achievements and limitations of e-government studies up to the present. This article analyzes 146 research papers from 43 academic journals by using the meta-analysis method. Our analysis focuses on the papers' perspectives and topics, methodologies and methods, and use of theories. Comparisons to similar foreign studies are also conducted. Our finding shows that there have been substantial improvements and practical contributions of e-government research, mainly in Public Administration and Information Systems literature. Some recommendations are suggested on ways to strengthen e-government research: a multi-disciplinary approach, the rigor and diversity of research methods, theory building, salience, and plasticity.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2019

Purpose: One of the suggested potential mechanisms of tinnitus is an alteration in perception in the neural auditory pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in laterality in functional connectivity between tinnitus patients and healthy controls using resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight chronic tinnitus subjects and 45 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Connectivity was investigated using independent component analysis, and the laterality index map was calculated based on auditory (AN) and dorsal attention (DAN), default mode (DMN), sensorimotor, salience (SalN), and visual networks (VNs). The laterality index (LI) of tinnitus subjects was compared with that of normal controls using region-of-interest (ROI) and voxel-based methods and a two-sample unpaired t-test. Pearson correlation was conducted to assess the associations between the LI in each network and clinical variables. Results: The AN and VN showed significant differences in LI between the two groups in ROI analysis (P < 0.05), and the tinnitus group had clusters with significantly decreased laterality of AN, SalN, and VN in voxel-based comparisons. The AN was positively correlated with tinnitus distress (tinnitus handicap inventory), and the SalN was negatively correlated with symptom duration (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that various functional networks related to psychological distress can be modified by tinnitus, and that this interrelation can present differently on the right and left sides, according to the dominance of the network.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.11-21
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• 2018

This paper explores the structure of space in architecture from a viewpoint that individual unitized spaces are gathered to form the whole. To understand the spatial structure of architecture, firstly we need to understand each unitized spaces, and secondly, one must understand how the following adjacent spaces are connected to form the whole building. this gives salience to a fact that understanding the whole comprehensively. It is the most fundamental bases that must be understood and unitized when understanding the spatial structure of an existing building and designing a new one. It is necessary to hypostatize space as an abstract notion. In regards to this space examines the logical flow of structure within actual space. Hypostasieren process includes the process of shaping space and the shape information. In this process we need to refer to the properties of space and the morphological characteristics of physical elements. The segment of the unitized space is the realization process of the basic space. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for analysis and design of spatial structure by comparing several representative methods of segmenting unitized space.