• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.221-225
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• 2005

An in vitro study was conducted to examine the effect of monensin or fish oil addition on bio-hydrogenation of $C_{18^-} unsaturated fatty acids and CLA production by mixed ruminal bacteria when incubated with safflower oil. Commercially manufactured concentrate (1%, w/v) with safflower oil (0.2%, w/v) were added to mixed solution (600 ml) of strained rumen fluid and McDougalls artificial saliva (control). Monensin $Rumensin^{(R)}$, 10 ppm, w/v, MO), mixed fish oil (0.02%, w/v, absorbed to 0.2 g alfalfa hay, FO) or similar amounts of monensin and fish oil (MO+FO) to MO and FO was also added into the control solution. All the culture solutions prepared were incubated in the culture jar anaerobically at $39^{\circ}C$ up to 12 h. Higher pH (p<0.047) and ammonia concentration (p<0.042) were observed from the culture solution containing MO at 12 h incubation than those from the culture solutions of control or FO. The MO supplementation increased (p<0.0001-0.007) propionate proportion of culture solution but reduced butyrate proportion at 6 h (p<0.018) and 12 h (p<0.001) of incubations. Supplementation of MO or MO+FO increased (p<0.001) the proportions of $C_{18:2}$. The MO alone reduced (p<0.022-0.025) the proportion of c9,t11-CLA compared to FO in all incubation times. The FO supplementation increased the proportion of c9,t11-CLA. An additive effect of MO to FO in the production of c9,t11-CLA was observed at 6 h incubation. In vitro supplementation of monensin reduced hydrogenation of $C_{18^-}$UFAs while fish oil supplementation increased the production of CLA.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1453-1457
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• 1999

항산화 및 항암 작용이 있는 것으로 알려진 conjugated linoleic acid(CLA)를 식물성 유지로부터 알칼리 이성질화에 의해 고 농도의 CLA 농축물을 얻기 위한 최적 조건을 연구하였다. 지방산 조성이 상이한 식물성 유지를 알칼리 이성질화 하였을 때 CLA 생성량은 유지중 linoleic acid 함량이 많은 것이 가장 높았다. 홍화유를 알칼리 이성질화할 때 KOH 농도는 $8{\sim}11%$, 가열온도는 $180{\sim]185^{\circ}C$에서 cis-9, trans-11 CLA와 총 CLA 생성량이 가장 높았고, 가열시간은 CLA 생성량에 큰 영향을 미치지는 않았으나 $20{\sim}40$분이 가장 적당하였다. 홍화유를 silicic acid column chromatograph)에 의해 중성, 당 및 인지방질의 lipid class를 분획하여 알칼리 이성질화를 시켰을 때 중성지방질의 획분에 CLA가 가장 많이 함유되었다. 알칼리 이성질화시킨 홍화유를 요소처리와 HPLC 분획에 의해 95.4%의 CLA 농축물을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.425-437
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Different fatty acids exert different health benefits. This study investigated the potential protective effects of perilla, olive, and safflower oils on high-fat diet-induced obesity and colon inflammation. MATERIALS/METHODS: Five-week old, C57BL/6J mice were assigned to 5 groups: low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) and high-fat diet supplemented with-perilla oil (HPO), olive oil (HOO), and safflower oil (HSO). After 16 weeks of the experimental period, the mice were sacrificed, and blood and tissues were collected. The serum was analyzed for obesity- and inflammation-related biomarkers. Gene expression of the biomarkers in the liver, adipose tissue, and colon tissue was analyzed. Micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis was performed one week before sacrifice. RESULTS: Treatment with all the three oils significantly improved obesity-induced increases in body weight, liver weight, and epididymal fat weight as well as serum triglyceride and leptin levels. Treatment with perilla oil (PO) and safflower oil (SO) increased adiponectin levels. The micro-CT analysis revealed that PO and SO reduced abdominal fat volume considerably. The mRNA expression of lipogenic genes was reduced in all the three oilsupplemented groups and PO upregulated lipid oxidation in the liver. Supplementation of oils improved macroscopic score, increased colon length, and decreased serum endotoxin and proinflammatory cytokine levels in the colon. The abundance of Bifidobacteria was increased and that of Enterobacteriaceae was reduced in the PO-supplemented group. All three oils reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels, as indicated by the mRNA expression. In addition, PO increased the expression of tight junction proteins. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our data indicate that the three oils exert similar anti-obesity effects. Interestingly, compared with olive oil and SO, PO provides better protection against high-fat diet-induced colon inflammation, suggesting that PO consumption helps manage inflammation-related diseases and provides omega-3 fatty acids needed by the body.

• 약학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2000

The yeast extract, coconut water, safflower seed oil, arachidonic acid, linolenic acid, jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate were added to Gamborg's B$_{5}$ medium. The changes on productivity of baccatin III were estimated every 30 minutes and the results were compared using the selected high yielding cell culture system of Taxus cuspidata. In most cases, the peaks of baccatin III productivity occured at 90~120 min after addition of elicitors. Among the compound elicitors, safflower seed oil showed the highest productivity of baccatin III. Also arachidonic acid and linolenic acid increased the baccatin III production.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.543-551
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• 1993

n-3계 EPA와 DHA의 함유비율이 높은 정어리유와 n-6계 linoleic acid의 함유비율이 높은 홍화유의 혼합급여가 고지질 식이 흰쥐의 지단백 지질성분 및 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해 Sprague Dawley계 숫 흰주에 버터 식이를 대조군으로 하고 정어리유 및 홍화유의 혼합비율을 달리한 유지를 급여하여 4주간 실험 사육한 후 혈청 지단백의 지질성분 및 지방산 조성을 분석 검토한 결과, 혈청 지단백 성분중 총콜레스테롤 농도는 LDL에서 가장 높았으며 VLDL, HDL, chylomicron 순이었다. 한편 중성 지질 농도는 chylomicron>VLDL>LDL>HDL 순이었으며, 인지질 농도는 HDL>LDL>VLDL>chylomicron 순이었다. 혈청 자단백 성분중 총콜레스테롤, 중성지질 및 인지질 농도는 대조군에 비해 전 실험군에서 대체로 낮았으며, 특히 n-3계 PUFA의 함유 비율이 높은 정어려유와 n-6계 PUFA 함유 비율이 높은 홍화유를 동량 혼합 급여한 5군에서 더욱 낮게 나타난 바, 혈청 지단백의 지질개선 효과가 가장 높은 것으로 사료되며, 이는 시험유지의 P/S비 0.85, n-6/n-3P 비가 2.85로서 적정한 혼합비용로 인한 것이라 추정된다. 혈청 지단백 성분중 chylomicron의 지방산 조성에서 EPA 함유 비율은 여타 지단백성분의 지방산 조성에 비해 높게 나타났으며, chylomicron, VLDL, LDL 및 HDL의 지방산 조성은 시험유지의 지방산 조성이 반영된 것로 나타났다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 1999

Safflower is an important medicinal plant that has been used in China, Korea and Japan for thousands of years. The red and yellow pigments obtained from the petals of safflower can invigorate blood, release stagnation and promote menstruation. In addition, these pigments are used safely in processed foods and soft drinks as naturally harmless rotor additives. On the other hand, the seed of safflower contains 30-40% oil with higher level of mono- and poly-unsaturated fatfy acid profiles and elevated levels of $\alpha$-tocopherol. In this paper, we describe advances in the production of pigments and $\alpha$-tocopherol by cell culture in safflower.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.819-827
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• 2003

Linoleic acid [LA; 18: 2 (n-6)] is the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid in human skin. The exclusion of LA from diet induces epidermal hyperproliferation, which is reversible by the inclusion of LA in diet, and hence, LA is heralded as an essential fatty acid (EFA). Since safflower oil (SO) has been widely recognized as the major dietary source of LA and Arctii Fructus (Arctium lappa L.) is recently reported to contain high level of LA, we compared the antiproliferative effects of SO and Arctii Fructus in this study. Epidermal hyperproliferation was induced in guinea pigs by hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO) diet for 8 wk. During following 2 wk, EFA deficient guinea pigs were fed diets of safflower oil (group HS), water extract of Arctii Fructus (group AW) or organic extract of Arctii Fructus (group AO). Normal control group was fed SO containing diet (group SO) and EFA deficient group was fed HCO containing diet (group HCO) for 10 wk. Epidermal hyperproliferation was reversed in groups AO (55.9% of group HCO) and HS(74.1% of group HCO). However, the thymidine incorporation into epidermal DNA of group HS was greater than of normal control group SO. Epidermal hyperproliferation was not reversed in group AW. The accumulations of LA into phospholipids and ceramides, and of 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE), the potent antiproliferative metabolite of LA in the epidermis of group AO were greater than of group HS. In contrast, the de novo synthesis of ceramides, the major lipids maintaining epidermal barrier, did not differ between all of groups. Together, our data demonstrate that organic extract of Arctii Fructus is more prominent than safflower oil in reversing epidermal hyperproliferation by inducing the higher accumulations of LA and 13-HODE in the epidermis of guinea pigs.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2023년도 임시총회 및 춘계학술대회
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• pp.69-69
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• 2023

Safflower seeds, classified as a member of the Asteraceae family, a dicotyledonous plant, contain linoleic acid as a major component, known for its pharmacological effect of strengthening bones. Additionally, safflower seeds have been reported to have pharmacological effects on vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effect of safflower seed extract by examining its impact on adipocyte differentiation using Oil Red O staining, triglyceride quantification, and GPDH activity measurement. The results showed that safflower seed extract significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, we confirmed that safflower seed extract improved body weight, liver weight, adipose tissue size, glucose, and triglyceride levels in a high-fat diet-induced mouse model. These findings suggest that safflower seed extract exhibits potent anti-obesity activity both in vitro and in vivo and has the potential to be developed as a material for future anti-obesity therapies.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 1995

This study was to investigate the effects of dietary linoleic acid(18:2\omega6, LA) and aipha-linolenic acid(18:3\omega3. \alpha-LNA) levels on brain development and fatty acid compositions of various lipid classes in the chicken embryo brain tissues. Thirty two ISA Brown layers, 52 weeks-old, were divided into four groups. Birds of each group were given corn-soybean meal based diets added with 1) safflower oil 8%, 2) safflower oil 6% + perilla oil 2%, 3) safflower oil 2% + perilla oil 6%, or 4) perilla oil 8%. Mter 15 days fed the diets. the layers were artificially inseminated to obtain fertile eggs. During the incubation. embryonic brains were sampled at 15th and 21st days. Fatty acid contents were quantitated by using heptadecanoic acid (17:0) as an internal standard. No significant differences in brain weight and in contents of various lipids such as phospholipid. triglyceride, cholesterol. cholesterol ester and free fatty acid in the tissues were found among the dietary groups (P<0.05). The ratios of AA/LA in the brain lipid classes were lowered as the dietary levels of perilla oil were increased. Higher LA was found in phosphatidylcholine(PC) than arachidonic acid (20:4\omega6. AA), meanwhile the level of LA was less than AA in phosphatidylethanolamine(PE). Docosahexaenoic acid(22:6\omega3, DHA) was the* major fatty acid in the tissue and its content in PE was 2.5~3 times higher than in PC. DHA level in the phospholipid reached at a peak (1.7~1.8 mg/brain) in dietary groups added with 6% or 8% perilla oil. suggesting that no more increase in that fatty acid level in the brain tissue could be obtained by consuming more \alpha-LNA, the major precursor of DHA.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.617-626
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• 1992

n-3계 EPA와 DHA의 함유 비율이 높은 정어리유와 n-6계 linoleic acid의 함유비율이 높은 홍화유의 혼합급여가 고지질 식이 흰쥐의 혈청 및 간장의 지방산 대사에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 Sprague Dawley계 숫 흰쥐에게 버터 식이를 대조군으로 하고 정어리유 및 홍화유의 혼합 비율을 달리한 유지를 급여하여 4주간 실험 사육한 후 혈청 및 간장의 지방산 조성을 분석 검토한 결과, 혈청 인지질, 중성지질 및 콜레스테롤 에스테르의 지방산 조성은 홍화유의 혼합 비율이 증가함에 따라 n-3계 지방산 및 EPA/AA 비율은 감소되는 반면, n-6계 지방산 및 AA/PUFA 비율은 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 간장 지질중 중성지질의 조성 지방산 중 DHA 함유 비율이 가장 높았고, 콜레스테롤 에스테르에서는 linoleic acid의 함유 비율이 높았다. 혈청 및 간장 지질의 지방산 조성은 시험유지의 지방산 조성에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.