• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 2011

This study focused on health risk assessment via multi-routes of As exposure to establish a target cleanup level (TCL) in abandoned mines. Soil, ground water, and rice samples were collected near ten abandoned mines in November 2009. The As contaminations measured in all samples were used for determining the probabilistic health risk by Monte-Carlo simulation techniques. The human exposure to As compound was attributed to ground water ingestion. Cancer risk probability (R) via ground water and rice intake exceeded the acceptable risk range of $10^{-6}{\sim}10^{-4}$ in all selected mines. In particular, the MB mine showed the higher R value than other mines. The non-carcinogenic effects, estimated by comparing the average As exposure with corresponding reference dose were determined by hazard quotient (HQ) values, which were less than 1.0 via ground water and rice intake in SD, NS, and MB mines. This implied that the non-carcinogenic toxic effects, due to this exposure pathway had a greater possibility to occur than those in other mines. Besides, hazard index (HI) values, representing overall toxic effects by summed the HQ values were also greater than 1.0 in SD, NS, JA, and IA mines. This revealed that non-carcinogenic toxic effects were generally occurred. The As contaminants in all selected mines exceeded the TCL values for target cancer risk ($10^{-6}$) through ground water ingestion and rice intake. However, the As level in soil was greater than TCL value for target cancer risk via inadvertent soil ingestion pathway, except for KK mine. In TCL values for target hazard quotient (THQ), the As contaminants in soil did not exceed such TCL value. On the contrary, the As levels in ground water and polished rice in SD, NS, IA, and MB mines were also beyond the TCL values via ground water and rice intake. This study concluded that the health risks through ground water and rice intake were greater than those though soil inadvertent ingestion and dermal contact. In addition, it suggests that the abandoned mines to exceed the risk-based TCL values are carefully necessary to monitor for soil remediation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.52-58
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• 2018

In reliability based design and assessment (RBDA) methodology, reliability targets are used to ensure that safety levels are met relevant limit states in the stage of design and maintenance. The target reliability for flammable gas pipelines have not been developed yet in Korea. Instead of the reliability targets, the tolerable criteria for risk measures such as societal and individual risk have been applied in pipeline risk management. This paper introduces the procedures to develop the target reliability using tolerable risk criteria for societal and individual risk which can be enforced for high pressure natural gas pipelines in quantitative risk assessment. In addition, we propose the target reliability for natural gas and hydrogen gas transmission pipelines by the procedures.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.238-243
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to provide baseline data for the assessment of exposure to indium and to prevent adverse health effects among workers engaged in the electronics and related industries in Republic of Korea. Methods: Total (n = 369) and respirable (n = 384) indium concentrations were monitored using personal air sampling in workers at the following 19 workplaces: six sputtering target manufacturing companies, four manufacturing companies of panel displays, two companies engaged in cleaning of sputtering components, two companies dedicated to the cleaning of sputtering target, and five indium recycling companies. Results: The level of exposure to total indium ranged from 0.9 to 609.3 ㎍/m³ for the sputtering target companies; from 0.2 to 2,782.0 ㎍/m³ for the panel display companies and from 0.5 to 2,089.9 ㎍/m³ for the indium recycling companies. The level of exposure to respirable indium was in the range of 0.02 to 448.6 ㎍/m³ for the sputtering target companies; 0.01 to 419.5 ㎍/m³ for the panel display companies; and 0.5 to 436.3 ㎍/m³ for the indium recycling companies. The indium recycling companies had the most samples exceeding the exposure standard for indium, followed by sputtering target companies and panel display companies. Conclusions: The main finding from this exposure assessment is that many workers who handle indium compounds in the electronics industry are exposed to indium levels that exceed the exposure standards for indium. Hence, it is necessary to continuously monitor the indium exposure of this workforce and take measures to reduce its exposure levels.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.254-284
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• 2015

Objectives: There is a requirement to select target materials for mutagenicity(Genotoxicity) testing, so we determined to set the test priorities of them by searching the related database. Methods and Results: We searched a number of databases to find information on mutagenicity tests with chemicals under the Occupational Safety and Health Act(OSH Act), such as KOSHANET, National Toxicology Program(NTP), European Chemicals Agency(ECHA), US National Library of Medicine(NLM), and Genetic Toxicology Data Bank(GENE-TOX), as well as ChemIDplus webpage, and presented the information. Also we anticipated their hazards with ACToR sites to confirm the 58 mutagenicity(Genotoxicity) tests we will perform. Conclusions: We presented target materials for mutagenicity testing with specific GLP tests consisting of reverse mutation(Ames), chromosomal aberration and micronucleus test.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.71-75
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• 2009

This paper proposes an evaluation to Target Factor Values of Port State Control Inspections(PSCITFV) using AHP because PSCITFV is very simple methode, This AHP is the more rational and objective methode than existing TFV methode. AHP is relative measurement., but, weights should be re-calculation whenever alternative plan add. To this solve, therefore, this paper, used an absolute measurement and involved an marine casualty factor in PSCITFV, that IMO go ahead with it., Also, accomplished with evaluation some ships for the practice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.64-69
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• 2012

The concept of SIL is applied in the most of all standards relating to functional system safety. However there are problems for the people to apply SIL to their plants. as these standards don't include sufficient informations. In this regards, this paper will suggest the direction of SIL application and concept based on IEC 61508 and IEC 61511. A Safety Integrity Level(SIL) is the discrete level(one out of possible fours), corresponding to a range of the probability of an E/E/PE (Electric/Electrical/Programmable Electrical) safety-related system satisfactorily performing the specific safety functions under all the stated conditions within a stated period of time. SIL can be divided into the target SIL(or required SIL) and the result SIL. The target SIL is determined by the risk analysis at the analysis phase of safety lifecycle and the result SIL is calculated during SIL verification at the realization phase of safety lifecycle. The target SIL is determined by the risk analysis like LOPA(Layer Of Protection Analysis), Risk Graph, Risk Matrix and the result SIL is calculated by HFT(Hardware Fault Tolerance), SFF(Safe Failure Fraction) and PFDavg(average Probability of dangerous Failure on Demand). SIL is applied to various areas such as process safety, machinery(road vehicles, railway application, rotating equipment, etc), nuclear sector which functional safety is applied. The functional safety is the part of the overall safety relating to the EUC and the EUC control system that depends on the correct functioning of the E/E/PE safety-related systems and other risk reduction measures. SIL is applied only to the functional safety of SIS(Safety Instrumented System) in safety. EUC is the abbreviation of Equipment Under Control and is the equipment, machinery, apparatus or plant used for manufacturing, process, transportation, medical or other activities.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1066-1079
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• 2023

Multi-target tracking based on the detector is a very hot and important research topic in target tracking. It mainly includes two closely related processes, namely target detection and target tracking. Where target detection is responsible for detecting the exact position of the target, while target tracking monitors the temporal and spatial changes of the target. With the improvement of the detector, the tracking performance has reached a new level. The problem that always exists in the research of target tracking is the problem that occurs again after the target is occluded during tracking. Based on this question, this paper proposes a DeepSORT model based on SIFT features to improve ship tracking. Unlike previous feature extraction networks, SIFT algorithm does not require the characteristics of pre-training learning objectives and can be used in ship tracking quickly. At the same time, we improve and test the matching method of our model to find a balance between tracking accuracy and tracking speed. Experiments show that the model can get more ideal results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.65-70
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• 2009

In-vehicle route guidance information(RGI) systems have been developed with the advancement of the information and communication technologies. However, the RGI is provided by a pre-determined option, drivers occasionally pass the target intersection owing to non- or late- recognizing it. The purpose of this experiment is to examine the position of driver's tum signal operation and intersection recognition approaching at the target intersection which is difficult to identify as a preliminary research on developing the additional RGI connecting with the tum signal control. The field experiment was conducted to measure distances of the turn signal operation and intersection recognition from the target intersection according to driving lanes and landmarks at adjacent intersection. And, glance behavior to the car navigation display was evaluated by using an eye camera. The results indicate that drivers operate the turn signal after confirming a landmark in the case of the intersection with it. However, most case of driving, drivers operate the tum signal at 40 to 50m before coming to the target. To provide the additional RGI, when drivers do not operate the tum signal approaching at the target intersection based on the results, is expected to improve the traffic safety and the comfort for drivers.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.443-449
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• 2009

This study propose a model for railway safety evaluation with which the safety of whole railway system can be evaluated. The evaluation model is to generate a safety index which quantitatively represent the degree of railway safety. Safety index is proposed a function of three indexes; an accident index, safety management index, and safety culture index. This paper describes the first result from the study on the safety target which will be a key starting point toward the development of safety evaluation model. It is recommended that the safety target be composed of several sub-targets that are apportioned to constituent components. It is coneluded that the classification of safety target influence on deciding components or attributes that constitute each sub-indexes; an accident index, safety management index, and safety culture index.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.147-159
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• 2024

Plutonium-238 has always been considered as the one of the promising radioisotopes for space nuclear power supply, which has long half-life, low radiation protection level, high power density, and stable fuel form at high temperatures. The industrial-scale production of ²³⁸Pu mainly depends on irradiating solid ²³⁷NpO₂ target in high flux reactors, however the production process faces problems such as large fission loss and high requirements for product quality control. In this paper, a conceptual design study of producing ²³⁸Pu in a multi-purpose high flux reactor was evaluated and analyzed, which includes a sensitivity analysis on ²³⁸Pu production and a further study on the irradiation scheme. It demonstrated that the target structure and its location in the reactor, as well as the operation scheme has an impact on ²³⁸Pu amount and product quality. Furthermore, the production efficiency could be improved by optimizing target material concentration, target locations in the core and reflector. This work provides technical support for irradiation production of ²³⁸Pu in high flux reactors.