• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.176-183
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• 2021

Digital medical technology is very effective and at the same time faces the challenge of protecting privacy. However, for contact tracking and exposure notification apps in COVID-19 environment, there is always a trade-off between privacy measures and the effectiveness of the app's use. Today, many countries have developed and used contact tracking and exposure notification apps in various forms to prevent the spread of COVID-19, but the suspicion of digital surveillance (digital panopticon) is unavoidable. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors of personal information infringement and dissatisfaction through text mining analysis by extracting user reviews of "Self-Quarantine Safety Protection" in Korea. As a result of the text mining analysis, we derived four groups, 'Address recognition error', 'Exit warning error', 'Access error', and 'App. program error'. Since 'Address recognition error' and 'Exit warning error' can give the app users a strong perception that they are keeping under surveillanc by the app, transparent management of personal information protection and consent procedures related to personal information collection are required. In addition, if the other two groups are not corrected immediately due to an error in an app function or a program bug, the complaints of users can be maximized and a protest against the monitor can be raised.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2021

Change orders that occur frequently during the construction phase, af ect the construction performance in terms of cost, time, quality, safety and environment, and place a huge burden for stakeholders of given projects. This study analyzed the causes of change orders and their impact on the basis of 721 cases and a questionnaire of 164 domestic U.S. military construction participants in a total of 24 U.S. military projects. Important factors for change orders in the US military construction projects were engineering change due to design errors (348 cases, 48.3%), user requests change(86 cases, 11.9%), and different site conditions (69 cases, 9.6%). In addition, due to the change orders, construction cost increased by 6.56% on average and construction period was extended by 21.1% compared to the original schedule. As a result, it is anticipated that domestic construction companies can obtain a better understanding of change orders and construction performance, which may be difficult due to accessibility and limitations to military facilities. Also, it is proposed a successor study that guides in the right direction for the U.S. Military Construction.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.1015-1026
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to develop evaluation indexes for improving the quality of long-term care institutions (facility salary) evaluation in the sense that the applicability and effectiveness of previous studies related to the development of evaluation indexes for long-term care facilities for elderly are insufficient. There was this. To this end, an analytical review of the 2018 long-term care institution (accommodation benefit) evaluation index, an analysis of Japan's elderly long-term care home evaluation index, and the elderly long-term care facility workers in Korea and the special care home for the elderly in Japan FGI on evaluation indicators and evaluation system was conducted. Based on the results of the research, evaluation indicators were developed in terms of supporting users to receive high quality services. The characteristics of the elderly, that is, the characteristics of elderly diseases that are difficult to maintain and improve, the direction and transparency of institutional operation, and the need for terminal care were reflected. Forty-three evaluation indicators were presented, covering institutional operations, environment and safety, beneficiary rights protection, payroll process, and payroll results. In addition, we proposed a four-step multi-level evaluation system that can improve the efficiency of the evaluation process by improving the redundant and unnecessary evaluation process.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.260-269
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: Diquat dibromide is a fast-acting nonselective herbicide and plant growth regulator. In this study, in order to understand the possibility of unintentional pesticide contamination in the following crops, the phytotoxicity and transition of diquat dibromide residue in soil into the following crops such as pepper, radish, lettuce and corn have been assessed through phytotoxicity trial and residual evaluation in the unintentional contamination of the higher residual diquat dibromide. METHODS AND RESULTS: The pepper, radish, lettuce and corn were cultivated in the sandy soil and loam soil where the 35 mg/kg and 90 mg/kg diquat dibromide were applied, respectively. Mild growth inhibition symptoms were observed in radish, lettuce and corn crops at the 90 mg/kg- diquat dibromide treatment on the 30 day of cultivation. Diquat dibromide was analyzed using liquid chromatography QTRAP (LC-MS/MS). The recovery rates of diquat dibromide from soil and crop were determined within range from 89.1 to 116.4% with relative standard deviation less than 14.7%. Diquat dibromide residues in soil were found to be 23.90-30.22 and 69.59-82.57 mg/kg from the 35 mg/kg and 90 mg/kg of diquat dibromide-treated soil, respectively after 30 days of crop cultivation. This result implicates that diquat dibromide did not convert to metabolites and remained mostly in the soil, even though it was partially decomposed during crop cultivation. In addition, the diquat dibromide in pepper and radish that were grown for 47 days, and lettuce and corn that were cultivated for 30 days were detected to be 0.01 mg/kg or less in the sandy loam and loam soil where the 90 mg/kg diquat dibromide was applied. CONCLUSION(S): Diquat dibromide did not cause severe phytotoxicity in the following crops as well as it did not uptake and distribute to the following crops, even though it was considered to be residual in the soil.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.102-113
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• 2021

The deterioration environments caused by de-icing salt and airborne chlorides in the seashore, evaluated in the "Detailed guideline for safety and management practice of facilities (performance evaluation)", were reviewed in terms of penetrated chlorides into concrete on various road facilities. Target concrete structures, in this study, were 4 concrete barriers in Gangwon area, 3 concrete barriers and 1 retaining wall in Busan area, and 4 bridges in Gangwon-do, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Busan. The deterioration environments were classified into three categories: direct and indirect de-icing salt attack, and airborne salt attack depending on the distance to seashore and the height of pier, and the penetrated chlorides in to concrete were analyzed. The results showed that (1) the regional deterioration environments were clearly classified by de-icing salt sprayed days (snowfall days), (2) the penetrated chlorides increased significantly when leakage occurred through slabs or expansion joints, and (3) the airborne chlorides affected to a height of 20 m concrete in the seashore, Busan. From these, it could be confirmed that the chloride ion penetration properties depend on the exposed aging environment, member location and height, and deterioration status, even on the same structure, so the selection of target members and location is very important in the inspection and maintenance. If the database of penetrated chlorides properties in various deterioration environments is constructed, it is expected that the proactive durability management on concrete structures will be possible in the field.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.43-50
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• 2020

The aim of this study is toxicity assessment using two types of sea urchins (H. pulcherrimus, M. nudus) that can representative primary consumers in potential coastal environments pollutants, Zinc undecylenate (ZU), which is used for various purposes, such as pharmaceutical agents and anti-bacterial and anti-fungi. The Fertilization rate and normal embryogenesis rate of H. pulcherrimus and M. nudus were concentration-dependent decreased. Besides, EC₅₀ of fertilization rate with H. pulcherrimus and M. nudus were 11.27 mgl^-1 and 1.48 mgl^-1, and EC₅₀ of normal embryogenesis were 0.94 mgl^-1 and 3.78 mgl^-1. NOEC of normal embryogenesis were 0.20 and 0.78 mgl^-1, respectively. In addition, to find the safety criteria of the ZU on the marine environment. PNEC value was 0.0094 mgl^-1, calculated using the toxicity values of two species of sea urchin derived from this study and the acute toxicity results of the coastal area through literature research. The above results will be used as basic data for establishing environmental protection strategies for marine environmental pollutants.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2021

Objectives: There was a judgment of acquittal for the manufacturer SK Chemical and the vendor Aekyung regarding humidifier disinfectant (HD) containing 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one/2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (CMIT/MIT). The rationale used in this judgement is discussed here in the light of scientific consideration. Methods: The sentencing document for the judgements was obtained from the Korea Supreme Court Service. In particular, the judgements made by the court related to the risk of HD and external and internal exposure to CMIT/MIT are discussed based on scientific evidence. Results: Rendering a determination in a criminal trial of insufficient evidence of causation, the court dismissed the prosecution's motion that humidifier disinfectant-associated lung injuries (HDLI) and asthma were associated with the utilization of these products. However, CMIT/MIT, a strong sensitizing and corrosive substance, has been reported to be associated with brain toxicity, allergic contact dermatitis, and asthma. Furthermore, the judgment did not consider total consumption amounts or the cumulative dose of CMIT/MIT in the humidifier. Lastly, there are several cases supporting the fact that exposure to water-soluble substances including CMIT/MIT can cause lower respiratory tract diseases. In addition to cases of asthma among the workers exposed to CMIT/MIT, we identified lung injury victims who were exposed to HDs exclusively containing CMIT/MIT. Conclusions: We conclude that there is sufficient evidence supporting the assertion that HDs containing CMIT/MIT cause lung injuries, including asthma, contrary to the court's judgement.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 2019

Stream water qualities have been predicted in the year 2002 and 2014 through providing the Hwangguji Stream Rectification Plan. However, the reliability of result for predicted water quality was relatively lower by applying conventional values of the parameters in model. In this study deoxygenation coefficients between Sema bridge(HGJ2) and Sujik bridge(HGJ3) have been evaluated based on the observed data of water quality and travelling time to compare with the applied value of coefficients in predicting water quality model. The values of deoxygenation coefficient $0.078day^{-1}{\sim}0.748day^{-1}$ for normal period and $0.053day^{-1}{\sim}0.505day^{-1}$ for drought period have been calculated based of observed data between Sema bridge and Sujik bridge. The values of coefficients $0.02day^{-1}{\sim}3.4day^{-1}$ have been applied in predicting water quality model in the year 2002 and $0.043day^{-1}$ 2014. Thus, the simulated results of stream water quality were better than the observed data in 2002, and worse in 2014. It has shown that values of deoxygenation coefficient should be properly estimated based on observed data to predict proper stream water quality by model.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.407-416
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• 2019

This study is about a Customized Nursery School where working women can support work - life balance and a reduction in retirement or turnover. The research method is to identify the current status of Customized Nursery services and to recognize the recognition and need of the operation of Customized Nursery School. The importance of securing skilled nurses and preventing them from changing their jobs for the health and safety of people cannot be emphasized enough. A Customized Nursery School must be opened to reduce the retirement or change of jobs of working women nurses and to provide care for continuous work in three shifts from 365days to support the balance between the working mother and family. It is considered that nurses will put their children in relief when using retired nurses who have the ability to work 24hour rotation in a Customized Nursery School and when a Customized Nursery School be ran suited for the condition and demand of working women nurses, it is expected to reduce retirement and the change of jobs, also to give positive effect on marrige and family planning which would make improvement in low birthrate. To activate the Customized Nursery School, Creating a secure learning environment and qualification of educators great effort should be put. A program curriculum based on 'basic life and habits' should be the center of education. Continuous management and effort will need to be placed in continuous development of educators.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2019

In the process of adapting climate change, the government needs to provide policy and technical support necessary for growing promising crops imported from abroad. Therefore, this study was conducted to survey and analyze the conditions of growth of imported foreign crops and to derive response tasks. As a result, tropical and subtropical vegetables were cultivated 18 crops in 920 farms in 321 ha area (in 2015 year). The cultivation scale decreased in the order of Curcuma aromatica, Momordica charantia, Asparagus aethiopicus, Allium hookeri and Herbs. Tropical and subtropical fruits were cultivated 9 crops in 264 farms in 106.5 ha area (in 2015 year). Special and medicinal crops introduced abroad cultivated 10 crops in 753 farms in 276.3 ha area (in 2015 year). The cultivation scale decreased in the order of Curcuma longa, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Lepidium meyenii and Moringa oleifera. For the stable settlement of domestic growth of tropical and subtropical crops introduced abroad, there should be safety and economic feasibility in terms of the cultivation environment according to the domestic culture adaptation test. Consideration needs to be given to the use of locally grown products in Korea, the securing of distribution and sales markets, and the competitiveness of imported products.