• Solar Energy
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• v.13 no.2_3
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• pp.65-78
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• 1993

An overdose of fossil fuel for greenhouse heating causes not only the high cost and low quality of agricultural products, but also the environmental pollution of farm village. To solve these problems it is desirable to maximize the solar energy utilization for the heating of greenhouse in winter season. In this study phase change materials were selected to store solar energy concentratively for heating the greenhouse and their characteristics of thermal energy storage were analyzed. The results were summarized as follows. The organic $C_{28}H_{58}$, and the inorganic $CH_3COONa{\cdot}3H_2O\;and\;Na_2SO_4{\cdot}10H_2O$ were selected as low temperature latent heat storage materials. The equation of critical radius was derived to define the generating mechanism of the maximum latent heat of phase change materials. The melting point of $C_{28}H_{58}$ was $62^{\circ}C$, and the latent heat was $50.0{\sim}52.0kcal/kg$. The specific heat of liquid and solid phase was $0.54{\sim}0.69kcal/kg^{\circ}C$ and $0.57{\sim}0.75kcal/kg^{\circ}C$ respectively. The melting point of $CH_3COONa{\cdot}3H_2O$ was $61{\sim}62^{\circ}C$, the latent heat was $64.9{\sim}65.8$ kcal/kg and the specific heat of liquid and solid phase was respectively $0.83kcal/kg^{\circ}C$ and $0.51{\sim}0.52kcal/kg^{\circ}C$. The melting point of $Na_2SO_4{\cdot}10H_2O$ was $30{\sim}30.9^{\circ}C$, the latent heat was 53.0 kcal/kg and the specific heat of liquid and solid phase was respectively $0.78{\sim}0.89kcal/kg^{\circ}C$ and $0.50{\sim}0.7kcal/kg^{\circ}C$ When the urea of 21.85% was added to control the melting point of $Na_2SO_4{\cdot}10H_2O$ and the phase change cycles were repeated from 0 to 600, the melting point was $16.7{\sim}16.0^{\circ}C$ and the latent heat was $36.0{\sim}28.0kcal/kg^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.101-142
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• 1998

1. Objects The base of classification of Sasang Constitution was the different congenital formation of organs such as lungs, spleen, liver, kidneys, and it was expanded from the viscera region of lungs, spleen, liver, kidneys to the body shape of trunk. The researched about body shape of Sasang Constitution have had points of issues which derived by measurement with hands. But this study was measured the characteristics of body shape putting in importance of anatomical position with the computerized 3-Dimension scanner, which minimized the errors of measurement, and it was abled the cubic measurement such as volume, area of cross section as well as round length. 2. Materials & Method The examinee was healthy male 40 persons and female 20 persons from 20's to 40's, who was diagnosed by the specialist of Sasang Constitutional Medicine. The body shape was measured round length, area of cross section, and volume of 31 anatomical points and the 25 hypothesis with the Rapid 3D Color Scanner Model 3030 RGB/PS. And the characteristics of each constitution's body shape was derived. 3. Results & Concousion In female, Taeumin had the largest trunk and Soeumin had the smallest trunk compared to other constitution, but Soyangin had only the smallest neck. Soeumin has the smallest round length of nipple and the $CV_{12}$, and Soyangin has the smallest breadth of ASIS. Soyangin had the smallest volume from thyroid bone to the highest points of armpits and from sternum to nipple. Taeumin had the largest volume from sternum to the $CV_{12}$ and from sternum to xiphoid process. In male, Taeumin had the largest trunk and Soeumin had the smallest trunk from the level of thyroid bone to ASIS. Soyangin has the longest distance and Soeumin has the shortest distance from nipple to the lowest of breast. Taeumin had the largest volume of trunk and Soeumin had the smallest volume of trunk. In the ration of four-Cho, Taeumin had the longest distance from the highest points of armpits to nipple and Soyangin had the shortest distance of that. Soyangin had the smallest ratio of the height of upper middle cho. Soeumin had the smallest ratio from the $CV_{12}$ to navel among trunk. In the correlation among the four Cho, Taeumin had the negative correlation between the Upper-Cho and the Lower-Middle-Cho significantly.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.41
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• pp.279-306
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• 2015

This paper is a study of the changing nature of software for virtual Cyborg self and the virtual body that occur in the game from a philosophical point of view. Looking broadly, the cyborg concept refers to the combination of man and machine. Specifically, there is a hardware cyborg organism to combine human and restoration of machine In addition, there is software cyborg by electronic the human brain of converting a virtual body. Virtual games are cases software-Cyborg applied. In the game , There seems to have characteristics of virtual body and ego that different from general cyborg meaning. To analyze the features, I applied the concept of software-cyborg of Hans morabek and the multiple selves in cyberspace properties of Kim Sun-Hee. generally, software cyborg cloning the brain type tended to invalidate the body due to the nature of the virtual world. But If you look at third-person's view and the game character that made from real actors, it is pursuing the realism of photographic images and it stressed the need for a virtual body in order to maintain the psychological identity of the player. And, The game player crosses the eight characters to choose while completing the mission. This is a big role in the reality ego leads to the desired final ending with the selection and experience to be experienced as self-replication to multiple. These cyber multi-ego looks for an active and positive features compared to the multi-ego in the real world and highlights the advantages of the software cyborg. Game The characteristics of the final result varies depending on the selection of the player. The life and death of a friend is determined by the relationship between the characters friendship. In this case, the virtual self is empirically through trial and error, moral, and try to select the desired setting the standard for intuitive and self own choice. Also It can be fused to the knowledge of multiple selves as one step is formed by a high spiritual introspection. This process is a positive interpretation of the world and their own forms of mental reflection through self-overcoming human, Nietzsche is said that the process is Wibeomenswi.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 2005

Purpose : The objective of our study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of p53 and bax proteins as prognostic markers in FIGO stage IIb invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Materials and Methods : Sixty-five cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix (stage IIb) that were diagnosed from October 1995 to December 2003 were analyzed retrospectively for the bax and p53 expression. These expressions were determined immunohistochemically and they were correlated to the patients' overall survival and disease-free survival. Results : The overall 5-year survival (OS) rate and the disease-free survival (DFS) rate were $65.1\%$ and $62.9\%$, respectively. p53 and bax immunoreactivity was seen in $26.2\%$ and $52.3\%$ of cases, respectively, with variable levels of expression. On the univariate analysis, only p53 positivity correlated with poor survival in DFS (log-rank test p=0.027), but this significance was not maintained on multivariated analysis by Cox's regression. The nine cases with the immunophenotype ps3+/bax- had the poorest survival. Conclusion : Neither p53 nor bax expression are Independent predictors of the prognosis for stage IIb cervical squamous cancers. Evaluation of p53 and bax co-expression may affect the clinical outcome and further investigation is needed.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.88-98
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• 2024

This study provides basic data on the growth and production of seedlings produced in plant factories with artificial lighting by comparing seedling quality, growth and fruit characteristics, and production after transplanting cucumber seedlings according to environmental differences between plant factories with artificial lighting and conventional nurseries in greenhouse. The control group consisted of greenhouse seedlings (GH) grown in the conventional nursery before transplanting. Plant factory to greenhouse seedlings (PG) were grown for 9 days in a plant factory with artificial lighting and for 13 days in an conventional nursery. Plant factory seedlings (PF) were grown in a plant factory with artificial lighting for 22 days until planting. In terms of seedling quality, PFs had the highest relative growth rate and compactness and the best root zone development. After transplanting PFs tended to grow faster, the first harvest date was 2 days earlier than that of GHs, and the growing season ended 1 day earlier. The female flower flowering rate of the PFs was high, and the fruit set rate was of PF the lowest. The production per unit area was highest for PFs at 10.23kg Performance index on the absorption basis, the most sensitive chlorophyll fluorescence parameter, was highest at 4.14 for PFs at 4 weeks after transplantation. By comparing the maximum quantum yield of primary PS II photochemistry and dissipated energy flux per PS II reaction center electron at 4 weeks after transplantation, PFs tended to be the least stressed. PFs had the best seedling quality, growth, and production after planting, and fruit quality was consistent with that of greenhouse seedlings. Therefore, plant factory seedlings can be used in the field.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.158-164
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• 1989

In order to determine the relationships between the lea(-burning disease and the light harvesting chlorophyll-protein (LHCP) complex in Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, we investigated the chlorophyll-protein (CP) complex of the thylakoid membrane and its characteristics. In P. ginseng four Cp-complex bands determined by non-denaturing SDS-PAGE were identified CP I'(containing reaction center of photosystem I and LHCP I antennae), CP I (reaction center of photosystem I) LHCP II** (oligoform of LHCP II), and LHCP II (photosystem II antennae, CP 26 and CP 29) by Bassis and Dunahay's procedures. Under our experimental condition, the CP I band was only observed in P. ginseng and the band intensity of LHCP II** in P ginseng was higher than in spinach and soybean. There were differences in the absorption and fluorescence spectra and chlorophyll a/b ratio of the CP-complex bands between P. ginseng and other Plants. The Polypeptidr content of P. ginseng thylakoid was lower than in spinach and soybean thylakoid, and the Polypeptide profiles of P. ginseng was low band intensity, especially about 29-35 kD, 55 kD, and 60 kD, compared to spinach and soybean. The inhibitory effects of 2,5-dimethylfuran, specific singlet oxygen ($^1O_2$) quencher, showed that singlet oxygen destroyed 60% of chl.a, 90% of chl.b and 70% of carotenoid in bleaching P. ginseng with leaf-burning disease.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.54-54
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• 2017

본 연구는 무인 헬리콥터의 양력을 개선하기 위한 기초 단계로서 V1505A 및 V2008B 기본 두 익형의 400 mm 블레이드 섹션에 해당하는 모델에 대한 풍동실험을 실시하여 양력, 항력 및 동력특성을 분석하고 CFD 시뮬레이션의 결과와 비교하고 검증하였다. 시뮬레이션은 풍동 실험과 유사하게 설정하기 위하여 400 mm 블레이드 섹션의 양 끝을 벽으로 제한하여 3차원 와류현상을 억제하여 모델을 구성하였고, 시뮬레이션의 결과와 비교하여 모델을 검증하였다. 사용된 모델은 로터로부터 $Re=0.32{\times}10^6$ 영역까지는 aminar 모델을 사용하였으며, 그 이후 영역역(>$Re=0.32{\times}10^6$)은 양력 및 저항의 급격한 변화를 올바로 포착할 수 있다는 S-A 모델을 적용하여 확장하였다. 시뮬레이션의 격자는 유동 현상에 있어 박리로 야기된 와류 현상을 관찰하기 위하여 익형 주변에 접하는 부분에 격자를 집중시켰다. 시뮬레이션 방법은 유속은 36~141 m/s 까지 5 수준으로 하였으며, 받음각은 $0{\sim}16^{\circ}$로 7 수준으로 변화 시키면서 공력계수 및 동력을 분석하였다. 양력분석에 있어 익형 V1505A에 비해 익형 V2008B의 특성이 우수하였으나, 익형 V1505A는 실속 이후 양력이 급격히 떨어지지 않고 유지되는 특성을 보였다. 익형 V2008B는 낮은 받음각에서 높은 공력과 낮은 항력을 나타냈다. 동력 분석 결과로 익형 V1505A의 유도동력은 총 동력의 56~72%를 차지하고, 형상동력은 총 동력의 27~43%를 차지하였다. 익형 V2008B는 유도동력은 총 동력의 66~81%를 차지하고, 형상동력은 총 동력의 18~33%를 차지하였다. 익형 V2008B이 익형 V1505A보다 유도동력은 크며, 형상동력은 적게 나와 상대적으로 효율적이라 할 수 있다. 헬리콥터 동력원의 규모는 법률적인 총중량에 의하여 제한되므로 일반적인 농용 소형 무인 헬리콥터 엔진의 사양인 24.5 kW (32PS)를 적용한다면, 익형 V1505A은 받음각 $8{\sim}10^{\circ}$에서 그리고 익형 V2008B은 $7{\sim}9^{\circ}$정도에서 받음각이 제한되며 이때 총 양력은 1200~1300 N 정도로 예상된다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.506-515
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• 2003

Six barley varieties that showed different degree of drought tolerance were grown with and without drought stress treatment (control), and investigated for the temporal changes in growth and several physiological traits after drought treatment. Soil water potential was -0.05 ㎫ at the initial stage of drought treatment and dropped to -0.29 ㎫ at 19 days after withholding irrigation. Soil water potential (SWP) maintained at -0.05 ㎫ in the control. The dry weight (DW) under the drought treatment were reduced compared to the control as follows: Dicktoo-S (short awn), 69% ; Dicktoo-L (long awn), 70%; Dicktoo-T (tetra), 86%; Dongbori-1, 69%; Suwonssalbori-365, 55% and Tapgolbori, ,37%. Dicktoo lines and Dongbori-1 were more tolerant than Suwonssalbori-365 and Tapgolbori. Leaf relative water contents (RWC) and leaf water potential (LWP) decreased obviously under the drought condition, the decrease being greater especially in the less drought-tolerant barley genotypes. Dongbori-1 and Dicktoo-L in drought treatment showed net photosynthesis of 38% and 17% compared to the control, respectively, and the other four genotypes much lower photosynthesis of 1.1% to 7.0%. Stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, and the photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of PS II were reduced by drought treatment, the reduction being greater in drought-sensitive genotypes. The drought-tolerant genotypes had greater osmotic adjustment (OA) capacity under water stress. Thus, the decrease of RWC and LWP was lower and the turgor pressure conservation capacity was higher under water stress in drought-tolerant genotypes. Drought-tolerant genotypes showed less decrease of photosynthesis because stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance and the ratio (Fv/Fm) of the variable to maximal fluorescence of drought-resistant genotype was decreased less in the drought stress condition. In conclusion, the drought-tolerant genotypes had better water conservation capacity through efficient OA, and this led to the lower decrease of photosynthesis and growth in water stress condition.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.308-315
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• 2017

Carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) test is a standardized ultrasound procedure that screens for and monitors atherosclerosis in a safe and non-invasive manner, even in individuals with no symptoms of heart disease. The purpose of this study was to research the relationship between CIMT, as measured by ultrasonography, and the degree of individual perceived stress. There was a total of 168 (male: 46, female: 122) university students in Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, without other diseases. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. CIMT was measured in the right and left common carotid arteries 1 cm below the bifurcation, and internal carotid artery, using non-invasive high-resolution Medison Accuvix V20 prestige ultrasound equipment and perceived stress, was measured with the 10-item PSS (Perceived Stress Scale) questionnaire. This study indicates that PSS may be appropriate to estimate perceived stress levels and weight. Failure to control stress anxiety could lead to weight and CIMT soaring to dangerous levels, resulting in a myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident. There was a statistically significant difference between left CIMT (p<0.05) and weight (p<0.05) according to each stress classification. The results of this study suggest that the weight measurement is influenced in part by one's generalized stress levels. Future continuous studies should be conducted to test the influences of perceived stress and generalized anxiety on CIMT when these are many continuous variables.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1186-1191
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• 2004

Bacillus sp. $\beta$-mannanase was purified by DEAE-sephadex ion exchange column chromatography. The partially purified P-mannanase exhibited maximum activity at pH 6.0 and 5$0^{\circ}C$, and was stable at a pH range of 5.5 to 7.0, and at temperature between 30 to 5$0^{\circ}C$. Konjac glucomannan was hydrolyzed by the purified $\beta$-mannanase, and then hydrolysates separated by 1st activated carbon column chromatography and 2nd sephadex G-25 gel filtration. The main hydrolysates were composed of D.P 5 and 7 glucomannooligosaccharides by TLC and FACE method. To investigate the effects of guar gum glucomannooligosaccharides on the in vitro growth of B. longum, B. bifidum, B. infantis, B. adolescentis, B. animalis, and B. breve, Bifidobacterium spp. were cultivated individually on the modified-MRS medium containing carbon SOUTce such as D.P 5, and D.P 7 glucomannooligosaccharides, respectively. B. longum grew up 4.6-fold and 5.3-fold more effectively by the replacement of D.P 5 and 7 glucomannooligosaccharides as the carbon source in a comparasion of standard MRS. Also, B. breve and B. animalis slightly grew up by the treatment of D.P 5 glucomannooligosaccharide.