• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.24-27
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• 1990

Reaction of 2-formyl-4H-thieno [2, 3-b] benzothiopyran-4-one (1) with different heterocyclic amines afforded the corresponding Schiff's bases (2-4). Diethyl malonate, ethyl cyanoacetate and malononitrile were reached with 1 to afford compounds 5, 7 and 8, respectively. Compound 5 was cyclized to the pyrazolidin-3, 4-dione (6) by the action of hydrazine hydrate, whereas compound 7 was utilized for the synthesis of the thiazolin-4 one derivatives (9-13).

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2007

Non-linear elastic wavefield inversion is a powerful method for estimating elastic parameters for physical constraints that determine subsurface rock and properties. Here, I introduce six elastic-wave velocity models by reconstructing elastic-wave velocity variations from real data and a 2D elastic-wave velocity model. Reflection seismic data information is often decoupled into short and long wavelength components. The local search method has difficulty in estimating the longer wavelength velocity if the starting model is far from the true model, and source frequencies are then changed from lower to higher bands (as in the 'frequency-cascade scheme') to estimate model elastic parameters. Elastic parameters are inverted at each inversion step ('simultaneous mode') with a starting model of linear P- and S-wave velocity trends with depth. Elastic parameters are also derived by inversion in three other modes - using a P- and S-wave velocity basis $('V_P\;V_S\;mode')$; P-impedance and Poisson's ratio basis $('I_P\;Poisson\;mode')$; and P- and S-impedance $('I_P\;I_S\;mode')$. Density values are updated at each elastic inversion step under three assumptions in each mode. By evaluating the accuracy of the inversion for each parameter set for elastic models, it can be concluded that there is no specific difference between the inversion results for the $V_P\;V_S$ mode and the $I_P$ Poisson mode. The same conclusion is expected for the $I_P\;I_S$ mode, too. This gives us a sound basis for full wavelength elastic wavefield inversion.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.810-819
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• 2007

Investigation of alkali activation of fly ash and blast furnace slag was carried out using waterglass and sodium hydroxide. XRD, FTIR, $^{29}Si$ and $^{27}Al$ NMR, TGA and SEM were used to observed the reaction products and microstructure of the fly ash/slag cement (FSC) pastes. The reaction products were amorphous or low-ordered calcium silicate hydrate and aluminosilicate gel produced from alkali activation of blast furnace slag and fly ash, respectively. On the basis of this investigation, waterglass solution with a modulus(Ms) of 1.0 and 1.2 is recommended for alkali activation of fly ash and blast furnace slag. Morphology of FSC pastes alkali-activated with Ms of 1.0 and 1.2 shows a more solid and continuous matrix due to restructuring of gel-like reaction products from alkali-activated fly ash and blast furnace slag together with another hydrolysis product(i.e., silica gel) from water glass.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.620-628
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• 1997

6-Aryl-5-cyano-4-pyrimidinon-2-thione derivatives 1a-c reacted with ethyl iodide to give the corresponded 2-S-ethylpyrimidin-4-one-derivatives 2a-c. Compounds 2a-c was, in turn, reacted with hydrazine hydrate to give the sulfur free reaction products, 3a-c. These reaction products were taken as the starting materials for the synthesis of several newly synthesized heterocyclic derivatives. Reactions with several halogenated ketones, esters, chloroacetic acid and chloroacetamide give pyrimidotriazines 8,12 and 15 while their reactions with formic acid, acetic acid and carbon disulfide gave the corresponded triazolopyrimidines 17 and 21. The reaction with both acetyl acetone and ethylacetoacetate gave the corresponded 2-$(3^{I},5^{I}-dimethyl-1^{I}-pyrazoly$pyrimidine derivatives 20a-c and 24a-c respectively while the reaction with cinnamonitriles 25a-h afforded the corresponded aryl hydrazopyrimidines 27a-f. The structure of these reaction products were eatablished based on both elemental anlayses and spectral data studies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.94-95
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• 2016

Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H), which takes up most of the hydration products of Portland Cement (PC), has the greatest impact on the mechanical behavior and strength development of concrete. The exact mechanism of its deformation, however, has not yet been elucidated. The present study aims to demonstrate the mechanism of nano-deformation behavior of C-S-H in tricalcium silicate paste under compressive loading, unloading and reloading by interpreting atomic pair distribution function (PDF) based on synchrotron X-ray scattering. The strain of the tricalcium silicate paste for a short-range of 0 ~ 20 Å under compressive load exhibited two stages, I) nano-packing of interlayer of C-S-H and II) micro-packing of C-S-H globules, whereas the deformation for a long-range order of 20 ~ 40 Å was similar to that of a calcium hydroxide phase measured by Bragg peak shift. Moreover, the residual strains due to the plastic deformation of C-S-H was clearly observed.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.660-662
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 미 인근 해저에서 ODP로 확인된 부존 하이드레이트 샘플을 다양한 분광학 및 실험적 분석 방법을 통해 시료의 물성 및 특성을 파악하여 부존된 하이드레이트 자원의 성분 파악을 목적으로 하고 있다. 일반적으로 가스 하이드레이트 연구에 있어서 X-ray diffractometer, NMR stectrometer, Raman spectrometer 등 분광학적 분석기기를 이용하여 가스 하이드레이트의 구조 및 성분을 규명한다. 본 연구에서는 실험실에서 인위적으로 만들어진 메탄 하이드레이트와 심해저 천연가스 하이드레이트 층에서 채취된 샘플의 비교 분석을 통하여 심해에 매장되어 있는 천연가스 하이드레이트의 구조 및 성분을 규명하였다 XRD 결과로부터 천연가스 하이드레이트는 sI의 구조를 가지며 NMR 및 Raman 결과에 의하면 하이드레이트 내에 포집되어 있는 가스의 주 성분은 메탄인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 천연가스 하이드레이트를 이용한 이산화탄소의 치환 실험을 통하여 심해저 천연가스 하이드레이트 층의 이산화탄소 저장 매체로의 활용 가능성을 조사하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.567-570
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• 2002

Diazotization of 3-amino-2-ethoxycarbonylthieno[2,3-b]quinoxaline 1 gave the diazonium salt 2 which was reacted with SO2 and N-methylaniline to give sulfamoylquinoxaline derivatives 3-5. Imidazothienoquinoxaline 8 was obtained from the reaction of carboxylic acid hydrazide 6 with nitrous acid and followed by boilling the carboazide 7 in dry xylene. Also, compound 6 react with CH(OEt)3 to give aminopyrimidine 9 which was reacted with arylidene malonodinitrile, furfural and/or dimethoxy-tetrahydrofuran to afford compounds 10, 11 and/or 12 respectively. Refluxing of 6 with CS2 gave oxadiazolylthienoquinoxaline 13, reaction of 13 with hyrazine hydrate, CH(OEt)3, nitrous acid, CS2 and a-halocompounds to give 14-19.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 2001

The Arctic consists of numerous sedimentary basins containing voluminous natural resources and two of the world's major oil and gas producing areas. The western Siberia Basin in the Arctic region has the largest petroliferous province with an area of 800 ${\times}$ 1,200 km and produces more than 60% of total Russian oil production. The North Slope of Alaska produces about 20% of the U.S. output, i.e., 11% of the total U.S. consumption. Being small compared to those regions, the Canadian Northwest Territories and the Pechora Basin in Russia produce only fair amount of oil and natural gas. There are also many promising areas in the northern continental shelf of Russia. In addition to Russia, Svalbard and Greenland have been investigated for oil and gas. Gas hydrates are widespread in both permafrost regions and arctic continental shelf areas. The reserves of gas hydrates in the Arctic Ocean are about 20${\sim}$32% of total estimated amounts of gas hydrates in the world ocean. Mineral mining is well developed, especially in Russia. The major centers are located around the Kuznetsk Basin and Noril'sk. They are major suppliers of gold, tin, nickel, copper, platinum, cobalt, iron ore, coal as well as apatite. There are also some minings of lead-zinc in Alaska and Arctic Canada.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.213-217
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• 2010

The use of chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine for oral sedation is most effective in children aged less than 36 months and weighing less than 15 kg. Children who do not belong to this category may show frequent movements due to shallow sedation level, and it can lead to sedation failures. One of the solutions to such sedation failure is conversion to deeper sedation. But, it is not so much of an option, since inhalation anesthetics and devices are required. In this case, conversion from oral sedation to intravenous sedation was successfully achieved without causing injection pain while searching for an intravenous route, by using EMLA cream (Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthesia). A patient aged 46 months and weighing 15 kg visited the Pediatric Department of Dankook University Dental Hospital. Treatment under TSD(Tell Show Do) was offered, but due to the parent's request, oral sedative measures were taken. Considering prompt converting from oral sedation to iv sedation in case the oral sedation fails, EMLA cream was apllied preemptively. Adequate sedation level could not be achieved after 90 minutes of oral administration, therefore, under the parent's consent, intravenous route was prepared after conscious sedation by $N_2O-O_2$. During treatment, $ETCO_2$, $SPO_2$ and heart rate was monitored every 5 minutes. The patient showed stable vital signs and did not show any movements. The whole procedure took two and a half hours in total, and the treatment was completed without any adverse effects.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2023

The deep geological repository of high-level radioactive waste shall be designed to meet the safety objective set in the form of radiation dose or corresponding risk to protect human and the environment from radiation exposure. Engineering feasibility and conformity with the safety objective of the facility conceptual design can be demonstrated by comparing the assessment result using the computational model for scenario(s) describing the radionuclide release and transport from repository to biosphere system. In this study, as the preliminary study for developing the high-level radioactive waste disposal facility in Korea, we reviewed and analyzed the entire list of FEPs and how to handle each FEP from a general point of view, which are selected for the geosphere region in the radiological safety assessment performed for the license application of the KBS-3 type deep geological repository in Finland and Sweden. In Finland, five FEPs (i.e., stress redistribution, creep, stress redistribution, erosion and sedimentation in fractures, methane hydrate formation, and salt exclusion) were excluded or ignored in the radionuclide release and transport assessment. And, in Sweden, six FEPs (i.e., creep, surface weathering and erosion, erosion/sedimentation in fractures, methane hydrate formation, radiation effects (rock and grout), and earth current) were not considered for all time frames and earthquake out of a total of 25 FEPs for the geosphere. Based on these results, an FEP list (draft) for the geosphere was derived, and the relative importance of each item was evaluated for conducting the radiological safety assessment of the domestic deep geological disposal facility. Since most of information on the disposal facility in Korea has not been determined as of now, it is judged that all FEP items presented in Table 3 should be considered for the radiological safety assessment, and the relative importance derived from this study can be used in determining whether to apply each item in the future.