• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.144-148
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• 1993

The present study was undertaken to compare the pharmacological activities of crude Lithospermi radix reported with the clinical uses in the oriental medicine. Crude Lithospermi radix uesd for the treatment of burn, eczema, blister, diuretic, scarlet fever and septicemia as antipyretic, antidotic and antiphlogistics. Therefore we tested the effects of Lithospermi radix water extract on the liver-protective activities in the rats. The results obtained from enzyme assay, measurement of serum and liver alanine. aspartate aminotransferase(ALT, AST) and lipid composition indicated that Lithospermi radix water extract showed significant liver-protective activities against benzo(a)pyrene-induced hepatotoxicity.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.448-452
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• 2022

Total reconstruction of the penis (TPR) represents a challenge for urologists and plastic surgeons, especially when urethral length is severely reduced. We here describe, for the first time in an oncologic scenario, a double flap phalloplasty using a pedicled anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap for penile reconstruction and a radial forearm free flap (RFFF) for complete neourethra and glans reconstruction following penile amputation. A 48-year-old patient came to our department following a total penectomy with inferior urethral derivation. The indication for a double flap phalloplasty was posed as only way to fully reconstruct the urethra on its length avoiding possible complications of single flap reconstruction using tube-into-tube technique. Both flaps healed uneventfully with no neourethral strictures or fistulas described. At 18 months follow-up, the patient was extremely satisfied with the aesthetic result and was able to void in standing position. We think that a double free tissue transfer for TPR should be considered, particularly when a urethral length > 14 cm needs to be reconstructed. While the pedicled ALT can be used to reconstruct a proper penile shaft with an easily concealed scar, the RFFF can provide adequate neourethra length with satisfactory sensory recovery at the neoglans.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 1999

Purpose: The aims of this study are to measure the serum levels of fat soluble vitamins (vitamin A and D) from bile duct ligated rats, and to evaluate the effect of oral bile acids administration to facilitate absorption of fat soluble vitamins. Methods: We measured serum ALT, total bilirubin, vitamin A, and vitamin D of Sprague-Dawley rats 1 week before and 4 weeks after experimental bile duct ligation. Rats were consisted with 3 groups. Group 2 had been fed bile acids and group 3 ursodeoxycholic acid after operation for 4 weeks. Multi-vitamin was given to all groups. Results: 1) Base line (mean value before duct ligation): ALT 74.2 IU, total bilirubin 0.26 mg/dL; vitamin D 13.01 ng/mL vitamin A $0.87\;{\mu}g/mL$, total bile acids $25.16\;{\mu}mol/L$. 2) Four weeks after ligation: ALT 100.7 IU, total bilirubin 2.58 mg/dL; vitamin D 7.89 ng/mL vitamin A $1.37{\mu}g/mL$, total bile acids $278.22\;{\mu}mol/L$. 3) 4 weeks after ligation, each group (group 1, group 2 and group 3) showed vitamin D (7.62, 8.10 and 7.99) ng/mL, vitamin A (1.68, 1.06 and 1.33) ${\mu}g/mL$, total bile acids (233.17, 345.80 and 268.57) ${\mu}mol/L$, which were statistically not significant. Conclusion: Serum level of vitamin A is increased after bile duct ligation although vitamin D is decreased. Oral administration of bile acids does not affect the serum levels of vitamin A and D in bile duct ligated rats.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.405-414
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• 2001

Protaetia brevitarsis has been utilized as an ingredient of the description for the treatment of patients with chronic hepatic diseases in oriental medicine. This study was attempted to investigate whether Protaetia brevitarsis extract(PBE) protects or modulates the liver injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride or ethanol in Sprageue-Dawley rate. The liver injuries of rats induced by the treatment of carbon tetrachloride or ethanol were manifested by the observation of the significant changes in liver weight, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and microsomal detocification enzymes(cytochrome P_450), cytochrome b$_{5}$, and cytochrome b$_{5}$ reductase).The effect of PBF on the liver damage induced by the chemicals was evaluated with the extent modulated in change of biochemical parameters above. Exposure to ethanol alone resulted a significant change in the ration of liver per body weight, ALT activity, and microsomal detoxification enzymes (cytochrome P_450, cytochrome b$_{5}$, and cytochrome b$_{5}$ reductase), but did not significantly changes in the levels of serum AST activity and TBARS. Pretreatment coith PBE did not modulate the alteration of the ratio of liver to body weigth, and the activities of serum aminotransferascs (AST. ALT), TBARS, and micro somal detoxification enzyme (cytochrome p_450, cytochrome b$_{5}$,and cytochrome b$_{5}$ reductase. These result suggested that PBE has not appreciable therapeutic effect on carbon tetrachloride or ethanol induced hepatotoxicity.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2002

Ethyl-branched polyethylene [PE(2)] containing 2mole% ethyl branch and three ethylene-propylene rubbers (EPR's) having the same ethylene(E)-propylene(P) molar ratio(E/P=50/50) with different stereoregularity, that is, random EPR (r-EPR), alternating-EPR (alt-EPR) and isotactic-alternating-EPR (iso-alt-EPR) were mixed for the investigation or their properties depending on the stereoregularity. Crystallinity of the prepared blends decreased with increasing content of amorphous EPR because of a decrease in both the degree of annealing and kinetics of diffusion of the crystallizable polymer content. With blend composition, crystallinity was reduced with the stereoregularity in EPR. The thermodynamic interaction parameter(x) for the three blend systems approximately equals to zero near the melting point. These systems were determined to be miscible on a molecular scale near or above the crystalline melting point or the crystalline PE(2). From the measurement of $T_m$ vs. $T_c$, the behavior of PE(2) is mainly due to a diluent effect of EPR component. The spherulite size measured by small angle light scattering (SALS) technique depended upon blend composition, and stereoregularity of EPR. The size of spherulite was enlarged with the content of rubbery EPR and the decrease of stereoregularity in EPR.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.10-25
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• 2011

Objectives : Asthma is considered an inflammation disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and pulmonary eosinophilia. Chungsang boha-tang is a herbal medication which has been frequently used in traditional therapeutic agents for asthma. We aimed to observe the clinical effects of Chungsangboha-tang on blood eosinophil, serum IgE, AST, ALT and pulmonary function in asthmatic outpatients. Methods : The subjects consisted of 66 asthmatic patients who had been treated with Chungsangboha-tang among all the asthmatic patients who visited the 5th Internal Medicine of the Oriental Medicine Hospital of Kyung Hee University from November,2004 to November,2009. We observed blood eosinophil, serum IgE, AST, ALT levels and pulmonary function test results as well as medical records of patients to evaluate the effects. Results : Pulmonary function significantly improved after 8 weeks of treatment, and blood eosinophil and serum IgE level significantly decreased after 8 weeks of treatment. AST, ALT levels changed in normal ranges. Chungsangboha-tang was significantly effective on the male patients who had a smoking history and worse initial lab findings. We also observed a significant improvement of pulmonary function and decrease of eosinophil and serum IgE levels in the patient group who had a single treatment of Chungsangboha-tang without steroid therapy. Conclusions : This study shows that Chungsangboha-tang has effects on the improvement of pulmonary function and decrease of eosinophil and serum IgE levels as well as improvement of symptoms. And, 8 weeks of long-term treatment showed no negative effects such as significant increase of AST, ALT levels.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2001

The findings of serum biochemical tests in the inhabitants residing in some riverside areas of kyongsangnam-do were analized to know the correlation with the Clonorchis sinensis infection. A total of 2,722 fecal samples of inhabitants was examined by Kato's cellophane thick smear and formalin-ether sedimentation methods, and their serums were analized biochemically. Three hundred and thirty-three inhabitants (12.2%) were positive with C. sinensis eggs (egg-positive group), and remaining 2,389 were negative (egg-negative group). In the egg-positive group, the positive .ate of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was 6.9% (male: 10.3%; female: 3.2%), that of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 6.3% (male: 9.1%; female: 3.2%), of $\gamma$-glutamy1 transpeptidase ($\gamma$-GIP) was 9.0% (male: 13.1%; female: 4.4%), and that of $\alpha$-fetoprotein (AEP) was 3.0% (male: 2.9%; female: 3.2%). In the egg-negative group, the positive rate of AST was 5.2% (male: 8.9%; female: 3.2%), that of ALT was 5.1% (male: 8.6%; female: 3.2%), of $\gamma$-GTP was 7.5% (male: 13.0%; female: 4.5%), and that of AFP was 0.3% (male: 0.5%; female: 0.1%). In the egg-positive group, 127 cases (38.1%) were light infection, 108 (32.4%) were moderate infection,64 (19.2%) were heavy infection, and 34 (10.2%) were very heavy infection. The positive rates of all tests were high according to the intensity of infection. From the above results, It was confirmed that prevalence of clonorchiasis is still high in some riverside areas of Kyongsangnam-do, and findings of serum biochemical tests are not different between the egg-positive group and egg-negative group. However, there were some difference in the positive rates of serum AST, ALT, $\gamma$-GTP and AEP by the age, sex and the intensity of infection.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.416-418
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• 2009

The hepatoprotective effect of Cordyceps militaris culture broth was determined using HaM/ICR strain mice. Compared to control, the intra-peritoneal injection of benzo($\alpha$)pyrene (B($\alpha$)P) remarkably increased the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the serum and the level of lipid peroxide (LPO) in liver tissue, which mean the liver was damaged by B($\alpha$)P. However, compared to B($\alpha$)P, oral administration of C. militaris culture broth showed decrement of AST, ALT, and LPO activities and increment GST activity and GSH level in liver tissue. These suggest that C. militaris culture broth recovered hepatic damage induced by B($\alpha$)P.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.209-215
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• 2009

1. Objects: This case study reports a liver injury in treatment of constipation with Yeoldahanso-tang plus Rheum rhabarbarum. 2. Methods: The patient's subjective symptoms and the laboratory data including aspartate transaminase(AST), alanine transaminase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), and gamma($\gamma$)-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT) were observed before and after liver injury. We used the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method(RUCAM) scale in order to find out whether if Yeoldahanso-tang plus Rheum rhabarbarum was related with the liver injury. 3. Results: The patient's AST and ALT were elevated more than twice after a 3week administration period of herbal medicine. After discontinuation of the herbal medicine and administration of hepatic protective medication, AST and ALT decreased. The patient's general condition improved during hospitalization. The RUCAM score was estimated at 8. 4. Conclusions: This case is presented to bring more attention to the toxicity of herbal medicine.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.338-346
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• 2005

Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hepatic glutathione, glutathione S-transferase(GST), cytochrome P450 and cytochrome P450 reductase activity were measured to investigate the effects of hepatic detoxication system and metabolic activities of carbendazim in Sprague Dawley(S.D.) male rat at dose levels of 375, 750 or 1,500 mg/kg body weight. Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) activities were slightly increased in all test groups after 120 minutes of administration. Glutathione was increased about 20% at high and medium dose level within 120 minutes after administration, while activity of glutathione S-transferase was decreased $36{\sim}50%$. However, the enzyme activity was recovered from all test groups after 240 minutes of administration. Cytochrome P450 and activity of cytochrome P450 reductase were decreased $25{\sim}50%$ until 120 minutes after administration, but recovered after 240 minutes.