• Title/Summary/Keyword: s disease (AD)

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Prevalence Rate and Factors Associated with Atopic Dermatitis among Korean Middle School Students

  • Oak, Ji Won;Lee, Hea Shoon
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.42 no.7
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    • pp.992-1000
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify prevalence rates of atopic dermatitis (AD) in middle school students in Korea and to define AD and associated factors. Methods: This study was conducted using secondary analysis of raw data from the 'The 6th Korean National Adolescent Health Behavior Survey, 2010' conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control. The participants were 37,570 students. General characteristics and health behavior-related characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test and logistic regression analysis. Results: Results are as follows. 1. There were 8,494 middle school students (22.6%), who had been diagnosed with AD during the last 12 months. 2. Factors associated with AD in middle school students were gender (p<.001), grade level (p=.001), father's education (p<.001), mother's education (p=.032), regular dietary habits (breakfasts, p=.025; lunches; p=.003), stress (p<.001), recognition of subjective awareness of one's health conditions (p<.001), hand washing before meals at school (p=.013), and cessation education for both smoking (p=.002) and alcohol (p=.031). Conclusion: Results of the study indicate that in order to alleviate AD symptoms in these students, there is a need to develop nursing interventions and education programs taking into consideration these variables and verifying the effects of interventions and programs.

Review of the chemistry of first-generation Tau PET tracers

  • Farag, Ahmed Karam;Im, Changkeun;Kang, Choong Mo;Lee, Yong Jin
    • Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.27-38
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    • 2020
  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the challenging conditions that have no cure, yet early diagnosis can help to control the disease. PET imaging of tau has several advantages, such as being a noninvasive, safe diagnostic technique that correlates directly with the disease progression. Many tau tracers have been reported to date; however, the chemical scaffolds of them fall in a narrow chemical window, and none was approved yet as none is entirely selective and sensitive to tau. These problems are being solved as new tracers emerge constantly. In this report, the first-generation tau tracers such as [11C]PBB3, 2-arylquinoline (THK) series, [18F]T808, and [18F]AV-1451 ([18F]T807) are reviewed from an organic and radiochemistry perspective; thus the most effective chemical approach to synthesize these tracers is discussed. This would help to design novel tracers which can meet the challenges faced by the current tracers.

Literatual study on Atopic dermatitis (아토피 피부염에 관한 문헌적(文獻的) 고찰(考察))

  • Cha, Kwan-Bae;Kim, Yoon-Sik;Seol, In-Chan
    • Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.113-126
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    • 2005
  • Atopic dermatitis(AD) is a chronic disease that affects the skin. "Atopic" refers to a group of diseases where there is often an inherited tendency to develop other allergic conditions, such as asthma and hay fever. In AD, symptoms vary from person to person. The most common symptoms are dry, itchy skin and rashes on the face, inside the elbows and behind the knees, and on the hands and feet. Although AD may occur at any age, it most often begins in infancy and childhood. The cause of AD is not known, but the disease seems to result from a combination of hereditary and environmental factors along with malfunction of the body's immune system. In contrast to that, the results from literatual study in oriental medicine are as follows; 1. The causes of AD are considered to be Mosusigisadok(母受時氣毒), Waegampoongsubyeol(外感風濕熱), Guasiksinlayeolmul(過食辛辣熱物), Ohbokonje(誤服溫劑). 2. The symptoms are fever, flushed face, red eyes, oliguria, constipation and itching. 3. Chungyeolhaedok(淸熱解毒) would be the basic method of treatment, and it divides into two categories; Subhyung(濕型) and Gunhyung(乾型). In Subhyung(濕型), AD is treated by Josub(燥濕), Chungyeol(淸熱) and Jiyang(止痒) whereas Chungyeol(淸熱), Jiyang(止痒), Jesub(除濕) in Gunhyung(乾型). 4. To prevent further damage and enhance quality of life, it is necessary to keep the temperature and humidity favorable, and healing the skin and keeping it healthy are important. Developing and sticking with a daily skin care routine is critical to preventing flares. Changing the diet and psychological stability may also be helpful to relieve symptoms of AD.

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Effect of Home-based Multi-Component Activity Program (Home-MAP) for mild Alzheimer's Disease Patients and Caregivers (경도 알츠하이머 치매환자와 보호자를 위한 가정기반 다요인 활동 프로그램(Home-based Multi-component Activities Program: Home-MAP)의 효과)

  • Hwang, Yun-Jung;Jeong, Won-Mee;Lee, Dong-Young
    • The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.255-266
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    • 2015
  • Objective : The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the Home-based Multi-component Activity Program (Home-MAP) for the maintenance activities of daily living (ADL) for patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) and on caregiver burden for caregivers. Methods : Nine mild AD patients and family caregivers. The Home-MAP was performed 1d/wk, for a total of 10 times over 10 weeks. Results : After the 10 sessions, participants' motor and process skills scores on the AMPS were found to have significantly improved (p=.028 and p=.028, respectively). The BPSD frequency score on the R-MBPC was found to be significantly reduced (p=.017). The BPSD symptoms related to caregiver reaction score on the R-MBPC and distress score on the NPI-Q were significantly reduced (p=.039 and p=.018, respectively). Conclusions : The Home-MAP appears to have contributed to the improvement of patients' capabilities in performing in ADL, to a reduction of BPSD, and to a reduction of burden related to BPSD.

Inhibitory Effects of Extract of Rosae Rugosae Flos on the Acetylcholinesterase, β-secretase, and β-amyloid Aggregation (매괴화(玫瑰花) 추출물의 아세틸콜린에스테라제, 베타 시크리타제 및 베타 아밀로이드 응집에 대한 저해효과)

  • Kim, Hyo Shin;Kim, Ju Eun;Leem, Jae-Yoon
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.33-39
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    • 2016
  • Alzheimer's disease(AD), one of the most common forms of dementia, is characterized pathologically by the presence of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and deposition of β-amyloid(Aβ) peptides of 40-42 residues. Aβ has been believed to be neurotoxic and now is also considered to have a role on the mechanism of memory dysfunction. Only a few acetylcholinesterase(AChE) inhibitors have been developed for treatment of AD, although the numbers of patients are rapidly increasing within aging society. Here, we show that ethanol extract of Rosae Rugosae Flos(RR) or its butanol fraction reduce the enzyme activity of AChE and BACE1(β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1). Furthermore, We found that RR inhibits Aβ aggregation and removes Aβ aggregates by Transmission electron microscopy(TEM). In addition, RR reduces the free radical of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH). We suggest that Rosae Rugosae Flos may be useful as a herbal medicine to treat AD.

Neuroprotective effects of paeoniflorin against neuronal oxidative stress and neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice

  • Meng, Hwi Wen;Lee, Ah Young;Kim, Hyun Young;Cho, Eun Ju;Kim, Ji Hyun
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.65 no.1
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    • pp.23-31
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    • 2022
  • Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play important roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigated the protective effects of paeoniflorin (PF) against neuronal oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mice. The brains of LPS-injected control group showed significantly increased neuroinflammation by activating the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and increasing inflammatory mediators. However, administration of PF significantly attenuated oxidative stress by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide levels, and reactive oxygen species production in the brain; PF at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg/day downregulated the expression of NF-κB pathway-related proteins and significantly decreased inflammatory mediators including inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Moreover, the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor, tropomycin receptor kinase B, were significantly increased in PF-treated mice. Furthermore, acetylcholinesterase activity and the ration of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2 associated X were significantly reduced by PF in the brains of LPS-induced mice, resulting in the inhibition of cholinergic dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis. Thus, we can conclude that administration of PF to mice prevents the development of LPS-induced AD pathology through the inhibition of neuronal oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, suggesting that PF has a therapeutic potential for AD.

Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration(FTLD) and Molecular Genetics of Tau Protein (Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration(FTLD)의 임상적, 병리적 특징과 타우 단백질의 분자 유전학)

  • Woo, Sung-Il
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.97-106
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    • 2003
  • Criticisms about amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease(AD) are based on the findings, first, that the degree of dementia does not correlate with the number of plaques, and second, that the neurofibrillary tangle formation seems to predate plaque formation. In addition, neurofibrillary tangle counts correlate well with the degree of cognitive impairment. These findings suggest the independent importance of tau abnormality in AD research which is involved in the neurofibrillary tangle formation. Recently, tau pathology without amyloid deposits and mutations in tau protein gene were reported to be the major pathogenic mechanism in Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration and FTDP-17(frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked with chromosome 17). These data suggest that understanding the causes and consequences of tau dysfunction might give new clinical and therapeutic solutions to many known tauopathies.

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Synthesis and Biological Activities of (4-Arylpiperazinyl)piperidines as Nonpeptide BACE 1 Inhibitors

  • Boja, Poojary;Won, Sun-Woo;Suh, Dong-Hoon;Chu, Jeong-Hyun;Park, Woo-Kyu;Lim, Hee-Jong
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.1249-1252
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    • 2011
  • Inhibition of BACE 1 activity is considered as a promising therapeutic target for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Synthesis and inhibitory activities of (4-arylpiperazinyl)piperidines by bioisosteric replacement of a biaryl group with an arylpiperazine as BACE 1 inhibitors are described. The resulting (4-arylpiperazinyl)piperidines represent novel nonpeptide BACE 1 inhibitors with improved in vitro potency.

Study on the Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Coumarin Derivatives (쿠마린 유도체의 아세틸콜린 에스테라제 저해활성 연구)

  • Nam, Seung-Ok;Yun, Yong-Don;Park, Dong-Hyun;Ryu, Jong-Hoon;Lee, Yong-Sup
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.55 no.6
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    • pp.473-477
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    • 2011
  • Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most common forms of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder symptomatically characterized by the decline in memory and cognitive abilities. To date, the successful therapeutic strategy to treat AD is to maintain the levels of acetylcholine (ACh) by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to lead five drugs in clinical use. In this study, several coumarin derivatives were designed based on the lead structure of scopoletin and evaluated for their AChE inhibitory activities.

The Effects of MeOH Extract of Hopea chinensis (Merr.) Hand.-Mazz. on the Metabolism of Amyloid Precursor Protein in Neuroblastoma Cells (Hopea chinensis (Merr.) Hand.-Mazz. 메탄올 추출물이 신경세포에서 아밀로이드 전구 단백질 대사에 미치는 영향)

  • Chandra, Shrestha Abinash;Kim, Ju Eun;Ham, Ha Neul;Jo, Youn Jeong;Bach, Tran The;Eum, Sang Mi;Leem, Jae Yoon
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.49 no.2
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    • pp.182-187
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    • 2018
  • Many plant derived phytochemicals have been considered as the main therapeutic strategy against Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and the most predominant cause of dementia in the elderly. Cholinergic deficit, senile plaque/${\beta}$-amyloid ($A{\beta}$) peptide deposition and oxidative stress have been identified as three main pathogenic pathways which contribute to the progression of AD. We screened many different plant species for their effective use in both modern and traditional system of medicines. In this study, we tested that MeOH extract of the stem bark of Hopea chinensis (Merr.) Hand.-Mazz. (HCM) affects on the processing of Amyloid precursor portein (APP) from the APPswe over-expressing Neuro2a cell line. We showed that HCM reduced the secretion level of $A{\beta}42$ and $A{\beta}40$ in a dose dependent manner. We found that HCM increased over 1.5 folds of the secretion level of $sAPP{\alpha}$, a metabolite of ${\alpha}$-secretase. Furthermore, we found that HCM inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity in vitro. We suggest that the stem bark of Hopea chinensis may be a useful source to develop a therapeutics for AD.