• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.346-355
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• 2008

- Abstract - Objectives: The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the characteristics of which laypersons want the cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) education. Methods: Based on a health survey(ｎ=913) of 5 remote places in Korea, tests of the differences between the group that wants the CPR education(ｎ=416) and the group that doesn't(ｎ=497), and a logistic regression analysis of two groups was performed on socio-economic status and health-medical conditions. Results: Even the participation rate of the CPR education in Korea is only 5.8%, which is extremely lower than other developed countries, there are statistically significant differences between the group that wants the CPR and the group that doesn't on gender(ｐ=0.001), age(ｐ=0.000), education level(ｐ=0.000), economic status(ｐ=0.007), and CPR education taken(ｐ=0.000), and health status(ｐ=0.042). Furthermore, age(OR=1.599, ｐ=0.002), age(OR=0.964, ｐ=0.000), economic status(OR=0.804, ｐ=0.028), and CPR education taken(OR=2.072, ｐ=0.026) are statistically significant factors on the willingness to receive the CPR education. Conclusions: This study indicates that there is considerable variation in socio-economic status and health-medical conditions associated with the willingness to receive the CPR education. In remote places. certain subgroups of laypersons such as high-risk patients and family members need targeted outreach programs in CPR education.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.146-156
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• 2006

Purpose: 1) to construct cohorts according to risk scores calculated with the Gail Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool (Gail et al., 1989) (Gail) and the Breast Cancer Risk Appraisal (Lee et al,. 2003) (Lee) 2) to identify the distribution of risk factors and preventive behavior stages between the cohorts 3) to identify abnormal breast conditions in risk cohort. Method: Using convenience sampling, 775 rural women were selected. Risk appraisal was scored using Gail and Lee. Preventive behavior stages for BSE (Breast self examination) and mammography were measured using 4 stages of the Transtheoretical Model (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1983). Results: 1) The risk cohort according to Gail was 12.3% (n=95), and Lee, 3.1% (n=24). 2) There were significant differences in the distribution of risk factors (age, family history, age at 1st live birth, age at menarche, number of breast biopsy, history of breast disease, and breast-feeding) between cohorts. 3) There was a significant difference in the distribution of the stage of BSE according to Lee. 4) Six women in the risk group detected masses or nodules and physician consultation and ultrasonography were recommended. Conclusion: On the basis of the constructed cohorts, further longitudinal studies of cohorts are recommended with interventions according to characteristics of cohorts.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.19
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• pp.8287-8293
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• 2014

Background: This study assessed human papillomavirus (HPV), cervical cancer, and HPV vaccine knowledge and awareness among women in two sub-populations in Nepal - Khokana, a traditional Newari village in the Lalitpur District about eight kilometers south of Kathmandu, and Sanphebagar, a village development committee within Achham District in rural Far-Western Nepal. Methods: Study participants were recruited during health camps conducted by Nepal Fertility Care Center, a Nepali non-governmental organization. Experienced staff administered a Nepali language survey instrument that included questions on socio-demographics, reproductive health and knowledge on HPV, cervical cancer, and the HPV vaccine. Results: Of the 749 participants, 387 (51.7%) were from Khokana and 362 (48.3%) were from Sanphebagar. Overall, 53.3% (n=372) of women were aware of cervical cancer with a significant difference between Khokana and Sanphebagar (63.3% vs 43.0%; p=0.001). Overall, 15.4% (n=107) of women had heard of HPV and 32% (n=34) of these women reported having heard of the HPV vaccine. If freely available, 77.5% of the women reported willingness to have their children vaccinated against HPV. Factors associated with cervical cancer awareness included knowledge of HPV (Khokana: Odds Ratio (OR)=24.5; (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 3.1-190.2, Sanphebagar: OR=14.8; 95% CI: 3.7-58.4)) and sexually transmitted infections (Khokana: OR=6.18; 95% CI: 3.1-12.4; Sanphebagar: OR=17.0; 95% CI: 7.3-39.7) among other risk factors. Conclusions: Knowledge and awareness of HPV, cervical cancer, and the HPV vaccine remains low among women in Khokana and Sanphebagar. Acceptance of a freely available HPV vaccine for children was high, indicating potentially high uptake rates in these communities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.4711-4722
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• 2015

This study was performed to determine the smartphone addiction and it's association with various related factors such as sociodemographic characteristics, family life characteristics, school life characteristics, health related characteristics, psychosocial factors(self esteem, anxiety, locus of control) among the middle school students in rural areas. The self-administered questionnaire were given to 630 middle school students during the period from May 1st to 31th, 2014. As a result, the distribution of smartphone addiction group among all subjects was 24.1%, and smartphone addiction is so complicatedly influenced by various factors as well as sociodemographic characteristics, school life characteristics and health related characteristics, to a greater extent, by self esteem, anxiety and locus of control. Therefore the effective strategy for decrease of smartphone addiction among the middle school students requires the efforts to improve their psychosocial factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2013

Purpose: The mental health during the elementary school years is important to develop overall healthy behaviors and well adapt to society. So as to provide basic data for comprehensive health education programs, we investigated the state of mental health problems and health promotion behaviors among rural elementary school students, along with the relationship between the two factors. Methods: In total, 421 5th and 6th grade students were recruited to answer a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was composed of questions about general demographic characteristics, 4 items over mental health-interpersonal vulnerability, depression, anxiety, hostility-, and 5 items over health behaviors-general health habits, computer addiction, accident prevention, infection prevention, and mental health-. The participation rate was 96%(407/421). Results: 1) The mean and the standard deviation of mental health problems were as follows; interpersonal sensitivity $2.06{\pm}0.70$, hostility $1.88{\pm}0.73$, depression $1.74{\pm}0.69$, anxiety $1.72{\pm}0.66$. 2) The mean and the standard deviation of health-promoting behaviors were as follows; prevention of infectious diseases $3.37{\pm}0.47$, hygiene and daily-life habit $3.09{\pm}0.41$, mental health $2.81{\pm}0.51$, accident prevention $2.79{\pm}0.57$, computer usage and health $2.61{\pm}0.56$. 3) Students with high academic performance, good relationships with friends and teachers, high household economic status, and good family relation, showed higher scores in health-promoting behaviors. 4) Higher scores in mental health problems were significantly correlated with lower scores in health-promoting behaviors. Conclusion: In developing comprehensive school health programs, it is necessary to find ways to improve both health promoting behaviors and mental health problems.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.3 s.54
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• pp.483-494
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• 1996

The objectives of this study are to estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and to identify risk factors associated with fasting blood sugar in a rural adult population. We carried out a cross - sectional study on the residents over 30-year old. Among the 1077 eligible subjects, 725 persons responded to the study;the study consisted of interview on family and past history of DM, anthropometry, blood pressure, and blood sugar level in each subjects. Only 707 subjects of 725 participants had fasting blood sugar(FBS) examined and the rest, 18 subjects were had casual blood sugar examined due to failure of fasting over 8 - hour. When subjects had $FBS\geq140mg/dl$, 2 hours postprandial blood sugar level was checked after 75g oral glucose loading. The prevalence of DM was 8.9%, and age standarized prevalence rate adjusted to Korean population of 1995 was 5.8%. Mean and SD of fasting blood sugar in men was $99.8{\pm}22.6$, and in women was $111.5{\pm}29.9$. Mean levels of fasting blood sugar were significantly higher in women than in man and as their ages advanced the prevalences increased in both sexes. PP2 blood sugar levels were significantly higher in elder age and in persons with higher FBS levels than others. The risk factors associated with FBS were past history of diabetes, sex, socioeconomic status and waist - to - hip circumference ratio;the risk of diabetes was increased in female, people with past DM history, central obesity and low socioeconomic state. The low socioeconomic status associated with DM in this study, which is different from other study results, should be pursued in further studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.231-247
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• 1986

Age specific characteristics in Korean diet and their changes were analyzed with the demand model including the number of family members by age group as independent vasiables Urban household budget data, 773 household data in 1977 and 947 household data in 1983, was applied to the demand model. A series of F-test was carried out to set up the age groups by food item. The main results can be summarized as follows; 1. Food consumption patterns are remarkably different between 0-13 years old age generation and over 40 years old generation. The 0-13 years old generation reveals higher preference for milk, wheat product, fruit and milk and lower preference for rice and vegetable than any other age generation. This characteristics of the childhood diet has been formed In the generation born after 1970's and thus will be reserved as their generational characteristics. On the other hand, over 40 years old age group prefers rice and fish to fruit, milk and wheat product. Therefore we can conclude that over 40 years old age group maintains the traditional Korean diet pattern. 2. The preference for fish is low. in 20-30 years old age group than in any other age group and wheat product is Preferred highest in 6-13 years old age group of all age groups. Meanwhile the most remarkable change In food consumption pattern is shown in meats and vegetables. Namely in 30 40 years old age group the preference for meat has increased substantially and that vegetable has decreased to a great extent. 3. The declining per capita consumption of rice spreads like a wave to higher age. groups, but over 40 years old age group bas played an important role in reducing the decreasing rate of rice consumption. In order to restrain the declining rice consumption a special integrated food policy is required to induce rice consumption in less 30 years old generation.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1231-1241
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the nutrient supplement use and its related influencing factors by high school students in Chonbuk area. Self administered questionnaires were collected from 489 (urban: 268, rural: 221). Statistical data analysis was completed using a SPSS v. 10.0 program. The results are summarized as follows. According to the general characteristic of subjects, the job and education level of parents and family monthly income respectively affected the nutrient supplement use of subjects (p<0.001). According to the living area, taking a nutrient supplement of parents and nutritional information respectively affected the nutrient supplement use of subjects (p<0.001). About 42.2% of subjects, who taking a nutrient supplement, responded to take a traditional medicine type, and 24.4% of them a multivitamin. Their mothers were important recommended person. The main reason for taking was 'to recommended from parent' (38.5%) and 'recovery from tiredness' (29.6%). The main reason for not-taking was that they were health, therefore nutrient supplements were not necessary. In the future about 43.7% of urban and 33.9% of rural area responded to take a nutrient supplements (p<0.05). These findings show that the behaviors of nutritional supplement usage by subjects are not reasonable, and their supplement usage tends to be affected by general characteristics. Therefore, nutritional understanding and education that are intended to from reasonable behaviors toward nutritional supplement usage of adolescents should be provided with considering the relationship between general characteristic of subjects and supplement usage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the residential space composition and extension of Jeonja-jip and Dureong-jip in Samcheok region. The results of this study are as follows. It appears three residential plan types - Jeonja-jip with Anmaru(a room made of wooden floor), Jeonja-jip without Anmaru and Dureong-jip with Anmaru- in survey region. It was needed the extension of residential space at Jeonja-jip(a house type with two-row rooms which be composed of 田type under one roof) and Dureong-jip(a house type with inner floor which be surrounded by rooms under one roof) because of shortage of sleeping space, working space and keeping space owing to growing large family. The solutions of these shortages will be the extension of space in houses. Jeonja-jip's basic type which is the Kyup-Jip(a house type with two-row rooms under one roof) of 一 type with 6 Kans(Kan, a unit to count room to divided with four posts) is transformed and extended to 田shaped house with 11 Kans toward X-axis orientation. Dureong-Jip's basic type which is ㄱ type with 7 Kans is transformed and extended to the Sekyup-Jip with 9 Kans and the Nekyup-Jip(a house type with four-row rooms under one roof) with 12 Kans toward Y-axis orientation by insertion and addition. Jeonja-jip was developed into Kyup-Jip with front 4 or 5 Kans and side 2 Kans instead of being done into Sekyup-jip or Nekyup-Jip with insufficient day lighting and ventilation problems. Jeonja-jip and Dureong-jip were stronger than any other traditional houses in tendency to reserve Magu(cowshed) and Chikkan(toilet) in a house.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.1211-1218
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• 1997

This study was performed to assess the consumption of various seasonings (SNG), which are usually omitted from food frequency questionnaire(FFQ), and their contributions to nutrient intake levels. A dietary survey with FFQ , which surveyed the intake of 65 mainly uncooked food items, was conducted for 493 adults over 30 years of age from 373 households in a rural area of Korea. Household consumption of major SNG items-garlic , red pepper powder, fermented soy bean paste, oil, soy sauce , salt, etc- were estimated by a questionnaire completed by the housewives of the survey participants. The daily consumption of SNG items by each subject was determined by 3 methods ; dividing daily household consumption by \circled1 the number of household members. \circled2 the number of household members over 10 years of age and \circled3 the weighted number of houshold members calculated by the ratio of the RDA for energy. All three methods for calculating the daily personal consumption of seasoning gave similar results, which may have been partly due to the homogenity of family age distribution of the households in the study area. Therefore, the results of method \circled1 were used to determine the contribution of SNG to nutrient intake of subjects in this study. Daily intake of all nutrients were significantly increased by including SNG consumption in the measurements as compared to measuring intake by FFQ alone (p0.01). Percentages of total daily nutrient intake from SNG ranged from 2.3% in carbohydrate to 34.4% in fat. Nutrients with higher contributions from SNG were energy (8.4%), fat (34.4%), Fe(20.55) and $\beta$-carotene(17.9%). These results indicate that SNG consumption can contribute significantly to the intake of several nutrients and must be considered in surveys using FFQ.