• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.27-44
• /
• 1974

A general survey of 82 perschool children and 473 school children (from 1st to 3rd grade) residing in the Dongnae area of Shindong Myun, choonseoung Gun, Kangwon Province was conducted from June 12 to 21, 1973, to obtain information concerning nutritional status, especially the protein and iron nutrition of preschool and school children in a rural area of Korea. A sample of 58 children 2 to 9 years old was selected from these 555 children for hematological, biochemical and parasitological tests. The results of these tests are presented below, 1) Both the mean body height and mean body weight of these children were higher and heavier than the averages in the Korean Physical Standards. About 39 per cent were above the 90 th percentile of the Korean Physical Standards of height and 35 per cent were above the 90th percentile of the Korean Physical Standards of weight. 2) The rate of infestation by helminthes was 67.6 per cent and there were no cases of hookworm infestation Among the ascaris-infected children, 61.6 per cent fell within an Ascaris E.P.G. count range of $501{\sim}2,000$. This was considered a rather mild intensify of ascaris infection. Nutrient loss due to helminthes was also estimated to be low. 3) The mean hemoglobin level was 11.3gm% $({\pm}0.94)$, and 68.4 per cent of the children were anemic (less than 11gm% among those 5 years old or less, less than l2gm% among those 6 years old or more). The average hematocrit value was 36.1% $({\pm}2.36)$, and only 3.5 per cent showed more than 34% on the M.C.H.C. test. These results showed that the incidence of anemia, in these rural children was high, and that in general it displayed hypochromic characteristics. 4) The average serum iron level was $78.2{\mu}g%$\;({\pm}29.8). The Proportion of the children showing less than $50{\mu}g% in the serum iron level was 5.6 per cent, while 41.8 percent revealed $450{\mu}g% or more in the TIBC determination. Transferrin saturation was below 15% in 71.4 percent of the preschool children, and in 28.6 percent of the school children. Those who had a serum iron level of $50{\mu}g% or less and a TIBC of more than $450{\mu}g% constituted 11.9 percent of the children examined. From these results, it was concluded that especially preschool children were low in iron nutrition, and that most of the anemia might be iron-deficiency anemia. 5) The mean values of total serum protein and albumin were 6.98gm% and 4.99gm% respectively. Especially in serum albumin, all children stowed more than 4 gm%. 6) The mean urinary urea nitrogen Per creatinine ratio was 11.5 $({\pm}4.2)$, and 21.8 percent had a ratio of more than 15. Considering these results, it was suggested that protein nutrition in these children was relatively good.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.164-174
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical growth and developmental status of infants and children of married immigrant women. Methods: The participants were 92 infants and children aged from birth to 6 yr whose mothers were married immigrant women living in one rural area. Physical growth and developmental status were evaluated by using anthropometric assessment, and Korean Denver II developmental screening test. Results: Of the participants, 10.8% were below the 3rd percentile for weight, 13.0% for length, 5.4% for head circumference, and from 69.6% to 79.3% were distributed below the 50th percentile on growth charts. Further, 18.5% were classified as having questionable development. Factors related to low physical growth in infants and children were mother's weight and mother's level in Korean language classes. Conclusion: The physical growth and developmental status of children is vulnerable and serious. The study results suggest a need for regular growth and developmental evaluations. Political support is important for these mothers. In addition, there also is a need to develop early intervention strategies to promote growth and development of the infants and children of these married immigrant women.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.2
• /
• pp.41-53
• /
• 1981

The purpose of this study was to find out conservation concept acquisition in children of pre-operational and concrete periods. The data in this study were obtained through experimental methods with 62 children(28 males and 34 females) of 3-11 ages in Korean rural areas. The Piagetian instruments devised by Gelman were used for the study ; length, liquid, quantity, mass, and volume conservation tasks. Percentile and $x^2$-test were applied for the statistical analysis of data: and the results of the experiment are as follows: 1) Most children aged 3-9 years did not appear to understand that the length of sticks stayed the same regardless of position. 2) In liquid quantity conservation, children centered their attentions on one aspect ; juice level or number of container. Their conservation concept was developed correlating with ages. 3) In the experiment of mass conservation by using play dough, only 7.1% of children of pre-operational period and 47.1% of concrete period affirmed that the amounts of play dough were same after changed shape. 4) In volume task, 29.4% children aged 7 to 11 years admitted to conservation. 5) It is found that girls acquired length conservation earlier than boys, while there was no significant difference between boys and girls in other conservation tasks.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.953-987
• /
• 2013

This study aimed at identifying level of self-sufficiency, and support need for it in rural multicultural families. Frist, the level of self-sufficiency in rural multicultural families was the lowest in a information sub-area, whereas it was the highest in a socio-psychological relation sub-area. Second, the chi-square test showed that the level of assistant request for a cost-of-living allowance was high in the multicultural family group received the medical social security(MSS) or not prepared the expenditure for children education or the golden years. Whereas the level of assistant request for the education of marketing or agricultural technology was high in the multicultural family group not received MSS or prepared the expenditure for children education or the golden years. Third, rate of PC ownership in the rural multicultural families was lower than that of national whole. and difference of it according to the living characteristics uch as MSS was not statistically significant. Fourth, difference in level of assistant request for children education and social dimension according to the living characteristics such as MSS was not statistically significant. It means that assistant request for children education and social dimension have universality without distinction the living characteristics such as MSS. And to conclude, support for self-sufficiency in rural multicultural families should be selective approach with discriminative or integrational viewpoint according to the living characteristics such as MSS or area of self-sufficiency. Findings of this study may be used as a basic material to establish the policy supporting self-sufficiency in rural multicultural families.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.808-815
• /
• 2017

Purpose. To analyze the refractive status between urban and rural regions, of children in Korea, in the age group of 13. Methods. From October 2016 to January 2017, forty subjects( 20 male subjects, 20 female subjects; 13 years) were performed in refraction test using the Auto-Refraction. Myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia were defined as spherical equivalent(SE)${\leq}-0.50$ diopters, SE ${\geq}+1.00D$, cylinder error ${\geq}0.75D$ and SE difference${\geq}1.00D$ between binocular eyes, respectively. Results. The refractive error by spherical equivalent among all subjects was myopia 76.25%, astigmatism 35%, emmetropia 16.25%, anisometropia 8.75%, and hyperopia 5%. The prevalence of myopia and astigmatism were much more common in urban than rural region although the difference was not statically significant. Emmetropia and astigmatism were much more common in rural region than urban although the difference was not statically significant. The prevalence of spherical equivalent was much common from -1.00 diopter to -4.00 diopter. On the other hand, the prevalence of myopia was much more than hyperopia. There was a statistical significance between OD and OS of rural region in the spherical equivalent power(p<.000). Also, There was a statistical significance between OD and OS of urban region in the spherical equivalent power(p<.004). Therefore, there was a significant statistical similarity between urban and rural regions on the OD and OS in the spherical equivalent power. On the other hand, There was a significant statistical similarity between urban and rural regions of the OD and OS in the astigmatism power(p<0.000). However, in the rural and urban regions there was not statistical significance in the OD and OS concerning the spherical equivalent power and astigmatism power (p>0.1). Conclusions. Myopia was the most common refractive error in Korea young children. while hyperopia was few. There was not a statistical significance as age between rural and urban at spherical equivalent power( P> 0.01). These results suggested that the analysis of the refractive status at young children can give the useful diagnosis data for the correction of visual acuity.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.85-103
• /
• 2001

After-school activities were examined for 449 rural children in first through seventh grades. Childrens engagement of after-school activities were significantly different by child and family characteristics, especially childrens age and behavior control ability. Findings showed a decline in amount of time spent studying and reading and a raise in going to a game-room. Childrens school achievement, emotional and social development were also differed by a range of after-school activities. Children spent more time in studying and reading showed higher grades, happiness, school life. Teachers reported greater aggressive behavior and less adjustment of school life among children participating more in game related activities and hanging out. Watching TV, doing house chores and visiting friends were not variables which showed different outcomes.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.36 no.8
• /
• pp.77-93
• /
• 1998

Have elderly parents parted with parental role after the children were grown up? If they still have, what kinds and degrees of parental responsibilities endured? Do they actively perform the role? Do they satisfy to engage in parenting? The main purpose of present study explored these questions conceming rural old-aged families using data of 143 elderly parents aged 60 years and above. The results indicate that elderly parents perceived parenting adult children to be very important, regarding themselves as househeads to teach family members how to integrate together. The results also demonstrate that elderly parents performed parental role actively in teaching family rituals and providing emotional support. The elderly parents also report that they were fairly satisfied with involvement in adult children's lives. Our findings suggest that further in-depth research is required in eliciting the role parameters of elderly parents based on our social and cultural changes. In addition, it is encouraged to examine the adult children's expectation of their elderly parents for renegotiating and restructuring parent-child relationships when both are adults.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.3-11
• /
• 2005

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate quality of life according to social support of elderly in the rural area. Method: The subjects of this study were 199 people aged over 60 who had been living in three rural areas. Date was collected through questionnaires from July 10th, to August 10th, 2003. Result: The most socially supportive people they answered were friends(80.9%), followed by children(74.9%), neighbors(71.9%), siblings(55.8%), spouse(53.3%), in descending order. Mean social support score for spouse was 13.36, for children 13.27, for friends 11.40, for neighbors 10.21, for siblings 10.20. A comparison of the average grade points per items according to the offerers of social support revealed spouse support(13.36 out of 18), children support(13.27), friends support(11.40), neighbor support(10.21), siblings support(10.20). The average of the quality of life score was 132.26 out of 220. A comparison of the average grade points per items within sub-areas of quality of life revealed the highest score of neighbor relationships(4.29 out of 5.00) and the lowest score of economic conditions (2.61) Quality of life scores correlated positively with social support scores(r=.734, p<.001). Variables significantly influencing quality of life were spouse support(36.1%), neighbor support (5.1%), age(2.2%), religion(1.7%). These variables explained 45.1% of the variance in quality of life. Conclusion: Social support for elderly people in rural areas identified this as a greatly effective factor for their quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to develop health promotion programs connected with social support in order to enhance the quality of elderly people in rural areas.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to residential satisfaction, and to examine the rural housing and village environment which enable to derive what should be considered in the future rural housing improvement. Data were collected by questionnaire survey in 11 rural villages - suburban rural area, plain rural area, intermediate rural area, mountainous rural area. The major findings are as follows: 1) The rural residents rather dissatisfied with'management/maintenance','economic value','facade'in housing level, The overall housing satisfaction level was just medium(neither satisfied nordissatisfied). 2) They also dissatisfied with'playground for children','education condition','medical facilities', 'market'in village level. The overa'll village satisfaction level was just above average(slightly satisfied). 3) Vrom the result of ANOVA test, there are no significant differences in residents evaluation for tiousing and village attributes among 4 rural areas. 4) Factor analysis identified six rural housing environmental factors:'inside utilities','housing size' 'aesthetic aspects','safety','privacy','outside utilities'. 5) For the rural village environments six important factors were derived :'public services','commercial convenience facilities','social interaction','environmental pollution','amenity','agricultural service facilities'.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.35.1-52
• /
• 1990

An ecological survey of early childhood nutrition and parasitic infection was undertaken among 102 children aged 3 to 6 atteending the three day care centers of Hongcheon county Kangwon province between June and July 1987. In frequency of skipping meal 35.1% of subjects often skipped breakfast ; 3.1% skipped breakfast every day. About 53% of those children complained of having poor appetite at breakfast. The percentage of children having meals with all the family members was 94.8% for breakfast and 97.9% for evening meal. In eatinf behavior 20.6% of the subjects had meals while watching TV; 21.6% moved around during a meal ; 22.1% hadmeal talking loudly ; 35.1% had quiet meal. Approximately 63% of children used chopsticks and others used fork or spork. Concerning of dietary staple boiled rice was dominant. The diversity of food selection by those children was so linmited that simply only one or two items of side-dishes and /or souop were taken at home. Subjects liked yorgurt milk lavers fruits and Ramyun in contrast to the loweest preference for fermented fist aroma-tic vegetables butter and margarine. The positive prevealence of parasitic infection was 35.5% including than that observed in any other rural areas. Incidence of Fibricola seoulenis was caused by local habit of eating hibernate frogs without enough boiling.