• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.11-17
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• 2012

The Waikato River is New Zealand's longest River, though relatively small on international scales. It drains the central North Island and has New Zealand's largest lake (Lake Taupo) at its headwaters. The upper reaches have sustained flows fed by large aquifers which are recharged by rainfall events providing relatively constant river flows, whereas the lower reaches respond more directly to rainfall events having more peaky flows after rainfall and extreme low flows during dry periods. Consumptive allocation from the river is relatively low with only about 3% of the mean annual flow being allocated. However, more than seven times the river's flow is allocated for non-consumptive purposes before discharging to the Tasman Sea. The majority of this non-consumptive allocation is for hydro power generation and as cooling water at both thermal and geothermal power stations which produce up to 25% of New Zealand's electricity. The upper half of the river has been heavily modified with the construction of eight dams for power generation. This has resulted in a succession of cascading dams replacing the previously uncontrolled river. The Waikato River also provides drinking water for Auckland City (NZ's largest city) and Hamilton City (NZ's 4th largest city). In recent years there has also been considerable growth in water requirements for pasture irrigation to support the intensification of dairy farming in the catchment. Operators of the power stations are concerned that any further consumptive allocation will further reduce their ability to generate electricity. The Waikato Regional Council, who is charged with managing the river and allocation of water, has recently set new rules for managing the conflicting allocation demands on the Waikato River. This has resulted in an end to further allocation of water where it results in a loss of water for electricity generation from renewable resources (fresh water and geothermal water). The exception to this is the prioritisation of water for municipal supplies ahead of other consumptive uses such as industries and irrigators.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.32-41
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• 2020

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in 2015 proposed a road-map for the global recognition system of the Approved Maintenance Organization (AMO) fto mitigate the redundant work and regulatory burdens of the aviation industry and authorities on the certification and oversight activities of the State of Registry. Since then, the ICAO standards and guidelines have been revised accordingly with the goal of implementing the system in 2024. Korea should actively prepare for this AMO global recognition system to cope with the ICAO road-map appropriately as well as to develop the Maintenance Repair Overhaul (MRO) industry. Thus, this paper focused on the ratings and limitations system, a key element of the AMO, and proposes the improvement of domestic regulatory/administrative rules necessary for the global recognition system, through the review of newly established ICAO standards/guidelines and the comparative analysis of leading aviation countries' and Korean system/requirements.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 1994

Coastal economic activities usually generate externalities to other economic activities. The conflicts between coastal economic activities, especially land fillings and reclamations, and fisheries in coastal waters pose a typical one, which sometimes causes some social conflicts. In this regard, as the contents and requirements for rules and regulations on fisheries compensation may have important implications for solving such problems, important is to review rationales fur the formulas in calculating fisheries compensation. The purpose of this paper is to review the formulas for fisheries compensation from the economic view points, to highlight some problems and to suggest more appropriate formulas. It is found that the current formulas of fisheries compensation are not properly based on economic concepts and valuation techniques. Main problems are related, as followings, to the coefficient(0.8) employed in the formula, to fishermen's own wages and to current values of invested assets such as fishing boats and nets, etc.. First, it is not clear what the coefficient(0, 8) means. In Japan's case, the coefficient was assumed to reflect the opportunity cost of fishermen's own wages, but it was disappeared from the formula after the self-wage came to be included in totaling fishing cost. As our new formula will include the self-wage in fishing cost, the coefficient(0.8) should be excluded. Second, according to our formula, the current value of invested assets is added to total operating compensation, which will overestimate total compensation. Therefore, it is suggested that total present value of the assets to be invested during the business life should be deducted from total operating compensation. Third, as the self-wage will be included in total cost, opportunity cost for finding new jobs should be newly added to the formula. Finally, this paper also conducted a comparative case study considering above-mentioned factors. The case study showed that the current formulas overestimated total fisheries compensation.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2017

In order to satisfy the graduation requirements, the graduation work should be presented as an engineering dissertation system of the produced work and an outline of the procedure made by the major unit in accordance with the graduation thesis submission rules, and suggests necessary matters for improvement. The design content relates to a small unmanned aerial vehicle configuration for detecting personnel or objects in a disaster area. It is equipped with an infrared sensor and a GPS in the drone, the drone is control by using Blutooth communications. The drones detect the target and use the GPS to determine the location. As a result of the experiment, it was possible to detect the structure object within the range of 3~4 m, confirm the transmission of the position value in real time, and increase the communication distance by using RF communication.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.99-143
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• 2016

General aviation and air transport are two wings of the civil aviation industry. Chinese air transport is developing rapidly, and has become the world second air transport system only second to US since 2005. However, Chinese civil aviation is far behind the world average level, and cannot meet requirements of economic construction and social development. The transition and structural adjustment of Chinese economy provide the general aviation with a unprecedented broad market. The prospect of general aviation is promising and anticipated. The development of general aviation industry needs the legislative supports, and the current legislative conditions of Chinese general aviation are undoubtedly far behind the realistic requirements. Accelerating the legislation in Chinese general aviation industry requires scientific legislation concept. First, Legislation must promote development of general aviation industry. The general aviation will serves as a Chinese emerging industry that boosts domestic demand, promotes employment and expedite domestic economic development. We should, based on both the concept of promoting the industrial development of general aviation and national industrial planning, enact and rectify relative laws and regulations. And we should also straighten out the relationship between aviation security and industrial development and promote the revolution of low-altitude airspace management in an all-round way, in order to improve the utilization rate of airspace resources, classify and establish airspace, simplify examination and approval procedure and intensify operation management. In addition, what we should do is to expedite the infrastructure layout construction, guide the differentiated but coordinated development of general aviation industries in various areas, establish a united supervision mechanism of general aviation, redistrict the responsibilities of Chinese Air Control Agency and set up legislation, law enforcement and judicial systems with clarified institutions, clear positioning and classified responsibilities, so as to usher in a new era of the legislative management of Chinese general aviation industry. Second, shift the focus from regulations to both regulations and services. Considering the particularity of the general aviation, we should use American practices for reference and take into account both regulation and service functions when enacting general aviation laws. For example, we should reduce administrative licensing and market supervision, and adopt "criteria" and "approval" management systems for non-commercial and commercial aviation. Furthermore, pay attention to social benefits. Complete social rescuing mechanism through legislation. It should be clarified in legislation that general aviation operators should take the responsibilities of, and ensure to realize social benefits of environmental protection and ecological balance .Finally, rise in line with international standards. Modify Chinese regulations which is inconsistent with international ones to remove barriers to international cooperation. Specify basic legislative principles. One is the principle of coordination. Realize coordination between the civil aviation and general aviation, between military aviation and civil aviation, and among departments. Two is the principle of pertinence. The general aviation has its own rules and specialties, needing to be standardized using specialized laws and regulations. Three is the principle of efficiency. To realize time and space values of general aviation, we should complete rules in aerospace openness, general aviation airport construction, general aviation operations, and regulation enforcement. Four is the principle of security. Balance the maximum use of resources of Chinese airspace and the according potential threats to Chinese national interests and social security, and establish a complete insurance system which functions as security defense and indemnificatory measure. Establish a unified legal system. Currently, the system of Chinese general aviation laws consists of national legislation, administrative laws and regulations and civil aviation regulations (CAR). Some problems exist in three components of the system, including too general content, unclear guarantee measures, incomplete implementation details, and lacking corresponding pertinence and flexibility required by general aviation regulations, stringency of operation management and standards, and uniformity of standards. A law and regulation system, centered on laws and consisting of administrative laws regulations, industrial regulations, implementation details, industrial policies and local laws and regulations, should be established. It is suggested to modify the Civil Aviation Law to make general aviation laws complete, enact the Regulations of General Aviation Development, and accelerate the establishment, modification and abolition of Chinese general aviation laws to intensify the coordination and uniformity of regulations.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.197-218
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• 2014

Quite a demanding task frequently arises in space engineering, when dealing with the cargo accommodation of modules and vehicles. The objective of this effort usually aims at maximizing the loaded cargo, or, at least, at meeting the logistic requirements posed by the space agencies. Complex accommodation rules are supposed to be taken into account, in compliance with strict balancing conditions and very tight operational restrictions. The context of the International Space Station (ISS) has paved the way for a relevant research and development activity, providing the company with a remarkable expertise in the field. CAST (Cargo Accommodation Support Tool) is a dedicated in-house software package (funded by the European Space Agency, ESA, and achieved by Thales Alenia Space), to carry out the whole loading of the Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV). An ad hoc version, tailored to the Columbus (ISS attached laboratory) on-board stowage issue, has been further implemented and is to be used from now on. This article surveys the overall approach followed, highlighting the advantages of the methodology put forward, both in terms of solution quality and time saving, through an overview of the outcomes obtained to date. Insights on possible extensions to further space applications, especially in the perspective of the paramount challenges of the near future, are, in addition, presented.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.121-128
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• 2019

Fashion display is a part of fashion brand marketing strategy. Today, due to the improvement of consumers' aesthetics, consumers' requirements for display and decoration in fashion stores are also increasing. And color design plays an important psychological role in the display. In this study, the color design of the display is taken as the center, and the status quo, emotional characteristics, psychological and physiological functions of the color design of the display are taken care of. After analyzing specific examples through previous studies, the methods and rules of color design are explored on the basis of these studies, and the principles of color matching beauty are studied to prompt the color design that follows in the display. First, there should be some emphasis on the overall color allocation. Second, the structure of the store needs to be considered. Third, we need to emphasize scientific and reasonable color matching sequence. To sum up, judging this research is of positive significance to the later research on color design.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.297-318
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• 2017

This study reviews the origin verification system of China via literature research and analyzes cases of Korean exports origin disapproved of Chinese customs clearance, to provide origin verification strategy recommendations for Korean companies exporting to China under Korea-China FTA. We reviewed the provisions of Chinese rules of origin and analyzed origin disapproved cases gathered from various presentations. The main results of the study have the following implications; First, the customs authority needs to establish a consultation channel with the customs authority of China, and origin certification issuing agencies should provide exporters with consulting services in the certificate issuing stage to reduce verification risk. Second, exporters need to pay attention to the formal requirements of the proof of origin, utilize the advance rulings program of differences in classification of items between Korea and China, and monitor regulatory change in China.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.77-83
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• 2017

For efficient predictive analysis, self-healing research is needed that enables the system to recover autonomously by self-cognition and diagnosing system problems. However, software development does not provide formal contextual information analysis and appropriate presentation structure according to external situation. In this paper, we propose a prediction analysis method based on the change contents by applying the extraction rule to the functions that can act, data, and transaction based on the new Goal-scenario. We also evaluated how well the predictive analysis met through the performance indicators for achieving the requirements goal. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed method has a maximum 32.8% higher matching result through performance measurement, resulting in a 28.9% error rate and a 45.8% reduction in the change code. This shows that it can be processed into a serviceable form through rules, and it shows that performance can be expanded through predictive analysis of changes.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.418-424
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• 2015

This paper is about the bow structure design of the ship-typed and turret moored FPSO which is subjected to the bow-flare slamming load in harsh North Sea environments. Quad 204 FPSO project involves the redevelopment of the existing Schiehallion FPSO which is damaged by impact wave loads. Normally all offshore systems including FPSO are designed to withstand the 100 year storm I.e. the storm that happens once every hundred years at the location where the system is installed. Several incidents have revealed that impact loading is important issue for moored floating production systems. In this paper, the design impact loads are estimated considering the ship owner’s specification, measured data from model tests, requirements of the classification society rules and results of numerical simulation analyses. The impact pressure by numerical analysis is 1.8 times greater than required value by CSR adopted by IACS. Based on the selected design load, plastic design formulae allowing the local material yielding are applied for the initial scantling of the bow structure. To verify the structural integrity, FE analyses are carried out considering the local area subjected to the impact wave loads. Their results such as structural arrangement, design loads and scantlings are shown and discussed. It is found that plastic design formulae in adopting Initial design phase give sufficiently conservative results in terms of structural strength.