• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.192-203
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• 2004

The AA5182/polypropylene/AA5182 (AA/PP/AA) sandwich sheets have been developed for the application for automotive body panels in the future light weight vehicles with significant weight reduction. It has been reported that the 5182 aluminum sheet shows Luders band because of dissolved Mg atoms that causes fabrication process problem, especially surface roughness. The examination of serration behavior has been made after the tensile deformation of the AA/PP/AA sandwich sheets as well as that of the 5182 aluminum skin at room and elevated temperatures. All sandwich sheets and the 5182 aluminum skin showed serration phenomena on their flow curves. However, the magnitude of the serration was significantly diminished in the sandwich sheet with the high volume fraction of the polypropylene core. According to the results of the surface roughness analysis after the tensile test, the sandwich sheet evidently showed lower Luders band depth than the 5182 aluminum skin. Strain rate sensitivity, m-value, of the 5182 aluminum skin was -0.006. By attaching this skin with polypropylene core which has relatively large positive value, 0.050, m-value of the sandwich sheets was changed to the positive value. The serration reduction of the sandwich sheets was quantitatively investigated in the point of the effect on the polypropylene core thickness variation, that on the strain rate sensitivity. It was found that the serration reduction degree from the experimental results of the sandwich sheet was higher than that from the calculated values by the rule of mixture based on volume fraction of the skins and the core.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 2008

We developed emission factors for alternative fuels used in cement industries in Korea and also estimated reduction in emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) by the use of alternative fuels. Emission factors for GHG of waste tire, waste plastic, waste oil and RDF were estimated to be about 89, 78, 77 and 95 ton $CO_2$/TJ respectively. When compared with previous studies, most of the results showed similar trends. The calorific value estimation and elemental analysis for energy source were implemented in order to estimate the exact emission factors and the reduction of GHG emissions using alternative fuel. In the case of 'A' company, $CO_2$ emission from alternative fuels was about 4% lower than that of bituminous coal only. Also in case of company 'B', $CO_2$ emission from alternative fuels was about 1.4% lower than that of only bituminous coal. In Germany and Japan, alternative fuel is not regarded to be fuel consumption in cement industry. When applying this rule, the emission reductions were about 4.3% for company 'A' and 6.3% for company 'B'. The results of this study may be considered as a useful information for developing strategies in reducing GHG emissions.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.82-91
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of initial pH, current density, and electrolysis time on process performance in terms of decolorization and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from disperse dyebath wastewater (DDW) by mono-polar parallel laboratory scale electrocoagulation (EC) process. COD reduction of 51.3% and decolorization of 92.8% were obtained with operating cost of 0.19 €/㎥ treated wastewater for Al-Al electrode pair, while 90.5% of decolorization and 49.2% of COD reduction were obtained with operating cost of 0.20 €/㎥ treated wastewater for an Fe-Fe electrode pair. The amount of sludge production were highly related to type of the electrode materials. At the optimum conditions, the amount of sludge produced were 0.18 kg/㎥ and 0.28 kg/㎥ for Al-Al and Fe-Fe electrode pairs, respectively. High decolorization can be explained by the hydrophobic nature of the disperse dye, while limited COD removal was observed due to the high dissolved organic matter of the DDW based on auxiliary chemicals. Energy, electrode, and chemical consumptions and sludge handling were considered as major cost items to find a cost-effective and sustainable solution for EC. The contribution of each cost items on operating cost were determined as 10.0%, 51.1%, 30.5% and 8.4% for Al-Al, and they were also determined as 9.0%, 38.0%, 40.5% and 12.5% for Fe-Fe, respectively. COD reduction and decolorization were fitted to first-order kinetic rule.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.103-110
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• 2008

Strategically, the Patrol Killer Medium (PKM) ought to run at high speed that produces largely vibration by propeller, in a consequence, the vibration gradually deterioratescrews' working condition and increases the possibility of SONAR detection. In this paper, we propose the propeller damper, which is one of waysto reduce the vibration induced by the propeller, and simulate the ability of the damper numerically. The propeller damper was designed to apply to an isolated plate at the bottom flat board of ship which is directly affected by the fluctuating pressure. The dynamic pressure for the stern part of the PKM is calculated by using the DnV rule and the numerical analysis when the propeller damper applied or not, is performed with ANSYS at the isolated plate that simplified. From the analysis, the damping effect of the proposed propeller damper is confirmed and the reduction ratio for each compartment is estimated based on the experimental data in the PKM.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.131-137
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• 1999

전문가시스템 개발에 있어서 지식획득 병목현상(knowledge acquisition bottleneck)은 해결해야 할 큰 걸림돌중 하나이다. 지식획득을 위한 여러 과정을 단순화하고 자동화함으로 지식공학자의 작업을 최소화하면서 전문지식을 쉽고 빠르게 획득할 수 있도록 지식획득시스템을 설계·구현한다면 전문가시스템의 대중화는 지금보다 쉽게 이루어질 것이다. 본 연구는 지식 획득시스템 설계와 구현을 위한 연구의 일환으로 기계학습의 한 방법인 PIPPER(Repeated Incremental Pruning to Produce Error Reduction)를 이용하여 규칙을 생성하고 생성된 규칙을 JESS(Justification based Expert System Shell)에서 처리하도록 하였다. 규칙을 생성하기 위한 데이터는 Bohanec이 1997년도에 만든 자동차 평가 데이터베이스(Car Evaluation Database)를 사용하여 실험하였으며, 1700여 개의 레코드에서 약 40개의 규칙이 생성되었고, 생성된 규칙은 지식베이스의 정당성을 위반하지 않으면서 실행되었다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.480-485
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• 2012

Use of photovoltaic (PV) power generation system will become more widespread in the future due to anticipated cost reduction in PV technology. As the capacity of PV systems increases, a variation of power system frequency may prevent the stable output of PV system. However, the standard for the frequency protection of distributed generation in Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO)'s rule does not include the setting of frequency protection. Therefore, this paper analyzes the correlation between the frequency protection requirements and the stability of grid-connected PV system for the adjustable operating setting of frequency protection. The distribution system interconnected with 3 MW PV system is modeled by Matlab/Simulink. The various values of frequency are simulated. For studied cases, the stability of PV system is analyzed. It is concluded that the setting of frequency protection is necessary to consider the stability of PV system.

• Advances in materials Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.35-53
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• 2016

Flexural bending analysis of perfect and imperfect functionally graded materials plates under hygro-thermo-mechanical loading are investigated in this present paper. Due to technical problems during FGM fabrication, porosities and micro-voids can be created inside FGM samples which may lead to the reduction in density and strength of materials. In this investigation, the FGM plates are assumed to have even and uneven distributions of porosities over the plate cross-section. The modified rule of mixture is used to approximate material properties of the FGM plates including the porosity volume fraction. In order the elastic coefficients, thermal coefficient and moisture expansion coefficient of the plate are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction. The elastic foundation is modeled as two-parameter Pasternak foundation. The equilibrium equations are given and a number of examples are solved to illustrate bending response of Metal-Ceramic plates subjected to hygro-thermo-mechanical effects and resting on elastic foundations. The influences played by many parameters are investigated.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.732-735
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• 1997

Variable Structure Controller(VSC) is usually known to have robustness to bounded exogenous disturbances. The robustness is attributed to the discontinuous term in the control input. However, this discontinuous term also causes an undesirable effect called chattering. To alleviate chattering, a hybrid controller consisting of VSC and Fuzzy Logic Controller(FLC) is proposed, which belongs to the category of Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller(FSMC). The role of FLC in FSMC is to replace a fixed gain of a discontinuous term with a time-varying one based on a specified rule base. The characteristics of proposed controller are shown to be similar to those of VSC with a saturation function instead of sign function. The only remarkable difference is the nonlinearity whose form can be adjusted by free parameters, normalize gain, denormalize gain, and membership functions. Applied to AC servo motor, the proposed controller is compared with VSC in a regulation problem as well as a speed tracking problem. The simulation results show a substantial chatter reduction.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 2020

This paper deal with the critical fluid velocity response of nanocomposite pipe conveying fluid based on numerical method. The pressure of fluid is obtained based on perturbation method. The motion equations are derived based on classical shell theory, energy method and Hamilton's principle. The shell is reinforced by nanoparticles and the distribution of them are functionally graded (FG). The mixture rule is applied for obtaining the equivalent material properties of the structure. Differential quadrature method (DQM) is utilized for solution of the motion equations in order to obtain the critical fluid velocity. The effects of different parameters such asCNT nanoparticles volume percent, boundary conditions, thickness to radius ratios, length to radius ratios and internal fluid are presented on the critical fluid velocity response structure. The results show that with increasing the CNT nanoparticles, the critical fluid velocity is increased. In addition, FGX distribution of nanoparticles is the best choice for reinforcement.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.215-220
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• 2014

We consider quantization optimized for distributed estimation, where a set of sensors at different sites collect measurements on the parameter of interest, quantize them, and transmit the quantized data to a fusion node, which then estimates the parameter. Here, we propose an iterative quantizer design algorithm with a weighted distance rule that allows us to reduce a system-wide metric such as the estimation error by constructing quantization partitions with their optimal weights. We show that the search for the weights, the most expensive computational step in the algorithm, can be conducted in a sequential manner without deviating from convergence, leading to a significant reduction in design complexity. Our experments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves improved performance over traditional quantizer designs. The benefit of the proposed technique is further illustrated by the experiments providing similar estimation performance with much lower complexity as compared to the recently published novel algorithms.