• 산업기술연구
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• 제24권A호
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• pp.205-214
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• 2004

Static reliability models are introduced to analyze the armor stability of rubble-mound breakwaters. Contrasted to the deterministic model, reliability models can estimate the probability of failure directly and calculate the influence of each design variables quantitatively. Thus, it can be possible to design armor units of the rubble-mound breakwaters rationally. In this study FMA(First-order Mean-value Approach), FDA(First-order Design-value Approach) and AFDA(Approximate Full Distribution Approach) of Level II approach of static reliability methods are used to analyze the armor stability of rubble mound breakwaters. The limitations and applications of each approach are studied straight-forwardly.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.138-148
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• 2012

경사제에 불규칙하게 작용하는 임의 크기의 다중하중으로 인해 피복재의 안정성에 대한 성능이 시간에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지를 해석할 수 있는 추계학적 신뢰성 해석 모형이 개발되었다. Hudson의 공식과 Melby 공식을 이용하여 재현기간에 따른 파고의 함수로 경사제 피복재의 초기 저항력 크기와 피해율을 확률적으로 산정할 수 있는 새로운 방법이 제시되었다. 생애기간에 대한 신뢰성 분석을 실시하여 시간에 따른 다중하중의 작용과 사용한계나 극한한계 등 한계상태에 따른 구조물의 성능을 올바로 해석할 수 있었다. 마지막으로 보수보강 목표확률을 시간에 따른 누적파괴확률의 결과와 조합하여 구조물 유지관리에서 가장 중요한 변수인 보수보강 시점을 정량적으로 산정할 수 있는 방법이 제시되었다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.947-964
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• 2014

Rubble mound breakwaters protect the coastal line against severe erosion caused by wave action. This study examined the performance of different sizes and properties (i.e. height of vertical wall and tetrapod size) of rubble mound breakwaters on reducing the overtopping discharge. The physical model used in this study was derived based on an actual rubble mound in Busan Yacht Harbor. This research attempts to fill the gap in practical knowledge on the combined effect of the armor roughness and vertical wall on wave overtopping in rubble mound breakwaters. The main governing parameters used in this study were the vertical wall height, variation of the tetrapod weights, initial water level elevation, and the volume of overtopping under constant wave properties. The experimental results showed that the roughness factor differed according to the tetrapod size. Furthermore, the overtopping discharge with no vertical wall was similar to that with relatively short vertical walls (${\gamma}_v=1$). Therefore, the experimental results highlight the importance of the height of the vertical wall in reducing overtopping discharge. Moreover, a large tetrapod size may allow coastal engineers to choose a shorter vertical wall to save cost, while obtaining better performance.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.52-62
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• 2013

경사제 피복재의 시간에 따른 파괴확률을 산정할 수 있는 추계학적 Markov 확률모형을 개발하였다. 하중발생에 대한 CP/RP 해석과 누적피해사건에 대한 DP 해석을 결합하여 수학적 모형을 수립하고 경사제 피복재에 적용하였다. 피복재의 피해수준에 대한 정의와 MCS 기법을 이용하여 이행확률을 산정하고 분석하였다. 산정된 이행확률들은 확률적으로나 물리적으로 만족해야하는 제약조건들을 잘 충족한다. 또한 경사제 피복재의 설계와 관련하여 중요한 변수로 생각되는 재현기간 및 안전율의 변화에 따른 시간 의존 파괴확률을 산정하여 그 거동 특성을 자세히 비교 분석하였다. 특히 시간 의존 파괴확률이 이전단계의 피해수준에 의해 어떻게 달라지는지를 정량적으로 해석할 수 있었다. 마지막으로 유지관리에서 가장 중요한 보수보강 시점을 결정할 수 있는 두 가지 접근방법을 제시하고 경제성 분석을 포함한 다양한 해석이 수행되었다.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.120-126
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• 2004

The failure modes analysis by the real process method at the head section of rubble mound breakwaters is more important than other failure modes analysis. because this initial failure modes and failure process will lead to the destruction of the structure. The three-dimensional failure modes are discussed using the experimental data with directional waves considering the failure modes. It was processed step by step failure around the head of rubble mound breakwaters. The spacial characteristics of failure mode by real process analysis was well descript at the rubble mound structures.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.111-129
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• 2020

A simplified algorithm is proposed for fast estimation of the material quantities required for the construction of rubble-mound breakwaters. The proposed algorithm is able to employ only the data available at feasibility study phase such as the maximum draught of the design ship selected to transport the cargos to the harbor despite, because at the feasibility phase, information for the planned harbor is likely to be very limited. A linear-constant waterdepth model together with a proposed section configuration for the breakwaters, which is customary for harbors, is considered to calculate the quantity of materials. The numerical simulation of the wave characteristics has been verified using the recorded wave data collected by a buoy installed near the Neka harbor in Caspian Sea waters. A case study has been also applied to four harbors to validate the proposed algorithm. The estimated weights using the proposed linear-constant and multi-linear waterdepth models were compared using the bathymetry maps and layouts of these harbors. A computer program, written in QBasic language, has been developed to simulate the wave characteristics and to estimate the material quantities needed to construct a rubble-mound breakwater. The obtained results show that taking into account the acceptable accuracies normally applied to the feasibility study and conceptual design phases, the proposed algorithm is sufficiently accurate and highly effective for the conceptual estimation of materials' quantities of breakwaters in the feasibility study phase of harbor projects.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.303-308
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• 2004

The failure at the head section of rubble mound breakwaters is more important than other failure modes. because this initial failures will occur the failure of the trunk section and lead to the instability of the structure. The three-dimensional failure modes are discussed using the experimental data with multi-directional waves considering the failure modes. It was occurred by the topographical characteristics around the head of rubble mound breakwater. The spacial characteristics of failure mode around the rubble-mound structures can be summarized as follows: 1) It was clarified that the failure modes at the round head of a detached breakwater are classified as failure by plunging breaker on the slope, failure by direct incident wave force and failure at the rubble mound breakwaters. 2) The failure mode was found in the lower wave height than the design wave by the breaker depth effects and topography around structures. It is clarified that the structure was monitored safely designed for the design wave but the failure was occurred by the reason of breaker waves.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.90-94
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• 2013

This paper reports the results obtained for there flection and transmission coefficients on rubble mound breakwaters in Busan Yacht Harbor. A2D physical model test was conducted in the wave flume at the Coastal Engineering Research Laboratory at Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea. In this study, physical model tests were completed to further our understanding of the hydrodynamic processes that surround a rubble mound structure subjected to irregular waves. In particular, the reflection and transmission coefficients, as well as the spectrum transformation, were analyzed. This analysis suggests that with an increase in wave height around a rubble mound, the reflection coefficient drastically increases at each water level (HHW or MSL or LLW). Moreover, when the water level changes from HHW to LLW, the reflection coefficient is suddenly reduced. A further result of the analysis is that the transmission coefficient strongly drops away from the rear of the structure. Finally, in regard to the rubble mound breakwater in Busan Yacht Harbor, a consideration of the reflection and transmission coefficients plays an important role in the design.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2008

다중 파괴모드에 대한 경사제 제체의 시스템적 안정성을 신뢰성 이론으로 해석하였다. 먼저 경사제의 안정성과 관련된 네 개의 단일 파괴모드에 대한 신뢰함수가 수립되었다. 각각의 단일 파괴모드에 대한 AFDA 신뢰성 해석 모형이 개발되었으며, CIAD(1985)의 결과와 비교하여 만족스럽게 검증하였다. 단일 파괴모드에 대한 신뢰성 해석에서는 파괴확률 뿐만 아니라 파괴확률에 영향을 미치는 각 확률변수들의 영향계수를 산정하였다. 한편 경사제의 다중 파괴모드에 대한 신뢰성 해석을 수행하기 위해 세 가지, 일차해석법, 이차해석법 그리고 PNET, 해석법이 적용되었다. 해석 결과에 의하면 일차해석법은 파괴확률을 과다 추정하는 경향이 있다. 따라서 다중 파괴모드를 해석할 때는 각 파괴모드간의 상관성을 고려할 수 있는 이차해석법이나 PNET 해석법을 이용하는 것이 바람직하다. 마지막으로 파괴모드간의 상관성에 기인하는 파괴확률의 추가적인 발생 가능성을 다중 파괴모드 해석을 통하여 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.90-98
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• 2010

In this paper, vibration-based structural health monitoring methods that are suitable for caisson-type structures are examined by an experimental evaluation. To achieve the objective, four approaches are implemented. First, vibration-based structural health monitoring methods are selected to monitor the structural condition of caisson-type breakwaters. Second, a lab-scaled caisson structure is constructed to verify the selected monitoring methods. Third, the vibration characteristics are numerically analyzed using an FE model due to the change in the rubble mound condition. Finally, experimental vibration tests of the lab-scaled caisson structure are performed to monitor the vibration responses due to changes in rubble mound conditions and the performances of the selected methods are examined from the monitoring results.