• 복식문화연구
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.486-492
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• 2000

This study is concerned with the jang il (　日). The purpose of this study was to trace the origin of jang il and to identify forms and the meaning of it. Significant findings and results of this research can be summerized as follows : It was found that jang il was a kind of brimmed hat with a round crown. People of Han Dynasty period wore jang il. It was favored by the people of Wei Chin (魏晉) Dynasty period of China and was a very popular hat in these periods. It was used by farmers and merchants. It was found that jang il was worn by a tribe of Kang(羌) in prehistorical period. It is considered that jang il of the Chinese, was derived from the people of Kang(羌). In the Tang and Five Dynasty periods women also wore jang il. Women from the upper class appeared used jang il. It appeared that Koguryoreans also used jang il : it was a kind of black wide brimmed hat with a round crown. which can be found in the tomb paintings of Yong Kang(龍崗). A horse rider wears jang il.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.156-163
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• 2009

연구목적: 4종 구치용도재관(Full-porcelain-occlusal-surfaced PFG, Half-porcelain-occlusal-surfaced PFG, Empress 2, Ice Zirkon)과 선별된 한국음식의 fracture load와 dynamic cyclic load를 측정하여 구치용 도재관에 파절을 일으킬 가능성이 있는 한국음식을 선별하는데 있다. 연구재료 및 방법: 4종의 각 porcelain 보철물 system 당 15개의 축대칭을 이루는 crown을 제작했다. 이때 occlusal reduction은 1.5-2.0 mm로 했다(중심부 1.5 mm, 교두부 2.0 mm). 각 15개의 시편의 교합면 중앙부에 직경 5 mm의 stainless steel ball을 위치시킨 후 Instron 4465 universal testing machine(Instron, Norwood, MA USA)을 이용하여 5 mm/min의 crosshead speed로 수직 부하를 주어 파절을 일으키는 최대 부하(N)를 기록했다. 이후, 한국음식 중 삶은 게, 닭(뼈포함), 소갈비(뼈포함), 마른 오징어, 건멸치, 사탕, 호두껍질을 표본으로 설정하고 이들을 파절시키는 최대 부하(N)를 universal testing machine(Instron 4465) 에서 측정하여 기록했다. 각 항목당 15번을 측정했다. 음식물을 파절시킬 때 필요한 최대부하와 각 보철물의 파절저항을 비교하여 한국의 식습관과 도재를 이용한 보철물 파절의 상관관계를 조사하였다. fracture loads는 analysis of variance 와 Post Hoc tests를 이용해서 분석하였다($\alpha$=0.05). 차후에 위에서 얻은 결과를 바탕으로 Hydraulic Dynamic Fatigue Testing Machine(858 Bionix II, MTS systems, Eden Prairie, MN USA)를 이용하여 4종의 각 porcelain 보철물 system당 5개의 crown에 14Hz Cyclic Load를 가하여 crown에 파절을 일으키는 masticatory cycle수를 알아 보았다. Load 수치는 41.0 N(건멸치 파절강도), 169.0 N(마른오징어 파절강도), 382.9 N(닭뼈 파절강도), 2224.8 N(사탕 파절강도)로 설정하였다. 결과: 95% confidence intervals for mean fracture load는 2599.3-2809.1 N(완전도재교합면 PFG), 3689.4-3819.9 N(반도재교합면 PFG), 1501.2-1867.9 N(Ice Zirkon), 803.2-1188.5 N(Empress 2)로 나왔고 95% confidence intervals for dynamic cyclic load on fracture는 instron 상에서 도재보철물에 파절을 일으키지 않은 load인 2224.8 N(사탕 파절강도)와 382.9 N(닭뼈 파절강도)로 실험했을 때, 2224.8 N에서 4796.8-9321.2 cycles(완전도재교합면 PFG), 2224.8 N에서 881705.1-1143565.7 cycles(반도재교합면 PFG), 382.9 N에서 979993.0-1145773.4 cycles(Ice Zirkon), 382.9 N에서 564.1-954.7 cycles(Empress 2)로 나왔다. 결론: 통계학적으로 유의할 만한 차이가 그룹들 간 fracture load에서 나타났다. 한국음식물 중 소갈비(뼈포함)와 사탕(자두맛캔디)은 구치용 도재보철물을 파절시킬 가능성이 있는 음식물로 밝혀졌다. 단일수직부하에서는 파절이 생기지 않는 경우라 할지라도 dynamic cyclic load를 줄 경우 일정 주기 후에 파절이 생기는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 복식
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2007

In the Joseon Dynasty, a Court Ladies' full dress was Slanted by the Ming Dynasty. Since the Ming Dynasty had declined, a Court Ladies' full dress, Jeok-ui began to be made by the Joseon Dynasty. It was based on the Chinese Court Ladies' full dress, Desam, but it became Joseon's own style, which was different from the Chinese one. The formula of Jeok-ui was completed in the time of King Yongjo. Since then, Jeok-ui for big ceremonies was called Bub-bok. It was recorded on the Regular rule of Sang-uiwon. The color of Jeok-ui was departmentalized for the wearer; red one for the Queen, bluish black one for the Crown Princess, and purple one for the Queen mother. There were some differences between Jeok-ui for feasts and for big ceremonies. In the case of Jeok-ui for big ceremonies, the pattern of Hyung-bae for the Queen was a dragon with five claws, and for the Crown Princess, a dragon with four claws. On the other hand, in the case of Jeok-ui for feasts, the pattern of Hyung-bae was phoenixes for the Queen, Crown Princess and the Queen mother. The number of embroidered round badges, which were attached to Jeok-ui, was 51 for big ceremonies, and 36 for feasts. The skirt for big ceremonies was a Jeonang-ut-chima with dragons pattern for the Queen, and phoenixes for the Crown Princess. The Queen's skirt for feasts was a Jeonang-ut-chima with phoenixes pattern, and the Queen mother's also. The Crown Princess' was a double skirt with phoenixes pattern. The pearls were not decorated on the shoes for big ceremonies, but shoes for feasts had six big pearls fer decoration. When the royal woman wore Jeok-ui for big ceremonies, it was prepared for Kyu, Pe-ok and belt with jade. But those were not necessary for Jeok-ui for feasts.

• 대한심미치과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 1995

Abutment dies which resemble the actual size and shape of crown abutment is essential in most of the research area of fixed prosthodontics like marginal accuracy, crown seating, behavior of luting agent and so on. Seeing the large portion of research is done with round shaped dies in different size and cone angles, the necessity of research on the crown abutment is self-evident. 500 molar abutments were collected randomly through the commercial dental laboratoy, regrdless of their position in the dental arch, sex, and age. The measurements of 22 points of a die were done, and the results were as fogbows : 1. The height of the molar dies was $3.9{\pm}1.2mm$ 2. The bucco-lingual width was $8.9{\pm}1.2mm$ at the base, and $7.4{\pm}1.2mm$ at the occlusal. 3. The desio-sistal width was $8.2{\pm}1.2mm$ at the base, and $7.0{\pm}1.3mm$ at the occlusal.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.126-126
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• 2003

Incidence of crown gall on lower stem of chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., was first observed at Hwasung, Gyeonggi, Korea in 2001, Tumors on the stem were 1.5-2 cm in size and semi-round with rough surface texture of dark brown color. Four strains of bacteria isolated from the tumor tissues were characterized. Their colonies were convex, glistening, circular with an entire edge, and white to tannish-cream in color on PDA plus CaCO$_3$. They were gram negative, oxidase positive, and growing on DIM agar. The bacterial isolates inducing gall formation in chrysanthemum were identified as Agrobacterium tumefaciens based on biochemical and physiological characteristics, fatty acid profile using Sherlock Microbial Identification System, and substrate utilization patterns using Biolog Identification System. Young chrysanthemum plants inoculated with the bacteria developed typical galls within two to three weeks. Seedlings of tomato and slices of carrot roots also produced typical galls two to three weeks after inoculation. This is the first report on crown gall of chrysanthemum in Korea.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2013

다이아몬드는 원석의 형태가 불규칙하고 견고하더라도 보석으로 쉽게 가공될 수 있으며, 등급 평가에 영향력을 나타내는 테이블, 크라운, 퍼빌리언, 거들면을 정밀하게 측정하였다. Round Brilliant Cut Diamond의 표준 연마에 적합한 규격을 조사하였고, 통계적(95 %) 신뢰 구간으로 표준편차, 평균, 허용 오차를 검토하였다. 측정된 크기, 각도, 깊이, 두께의 변수들이 나타내는 분포에 따라, 커팅 등급의 빈도 분석과 프로포션을 비교하였다. 각 변수간의 상관관계와 프로포션에 나타난 영향력의 근거는 LSM(Least Square Method)을 적용한 회귀 분석으로 결정하였다. 본 논문에서, 다이아몬드의 테이블 크기와 퍼빌리언 깊이 퍼센트가 등급 결정에 많은 영향을 미치고, 특히, 퍼빌리언 깊이는 프로포션과 관련하는 주요 원인으로 광학 현상에도 작용함을 알 수 있었다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.356-375
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to understand the characteristics and cultural values of the headdress among Chinese minorities with diverse ethnic cultures, and to provide various data on the design of clothing accessories. Theoretical considerations about ethnic minorities were addressed through literature and prior research, with data being collected using literature and websites. The results are as follows. First, the most common type of headdress is the horizontal type, which includes the head style, headband, and head scarf. The second most common is the cylinder type, which is a headdress with variations in the shape of a round hat, and has is evident among various minorities. Third, the pagoda type is decorated with ornaments mounted on top of a round shape. Fourth, the square crown type is a piece of wood as a material for a form of the material and for a variety of jewelry and the production of up to meet the women's head of the jewelry. Fifth, head belt-type ornaments consist of a headband and fancy bead ornaments from the bottom of the head. Mongol women usually wear an exaggerated form of this type. Sixth, the head cover type is a head decoration influenced by the dress code of Muslim women. Seventh is the disc type of crown shape worn by the Dai. Next, the ogival type is a cone-shaped headdress hat most commonly seen as head ornament hat among the Dai. Lastly, the sailboat type is the most exaggerated form of hair ornaments found among ethnic minorities.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 1992

These studies were conducted to investigate effects of phytohormone and activated carbon on the growth and rooting of teratoma shoots induced from Nicotiana tabacum cv. NC2326 transformed by Aerobacterium tumefaciens C58. GA was effective for shoot elongation and reduction of multiple shoots from teratoma shoot, however, leaves of teratoma shoot cultured on the medium with GA were pointed. ABA was also effective in promoting shoot elongation, but was not for reduction of multiple shoots. Teratoma shoot cultured on the medium with 1 n activated carbon promoted shoot elongation and inhibited the number of shoots differentiated, but was grown as abnormal shoot. Addition of 1% activated carbon and 0.5mg/l BA to culture media was effective for shoot elongation and reduction of multiple shoot and for formation of round leaves as normal leaves. Though these shoots were inoculated on the rooting medium, they could not from roots but formed multiple shoots. Boric acid, myo-inositol and sucrose were also ineffective on the rooting of teratoma shoots.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 1999

In order to examine the influence of sprue(used to make crown supplements) on casting, 3 kinds of sprue materials(wax, wood, plastic) and 3 types of sprue(round, square, triangle) were made and buried and cast, then the comparison and analysis of casting characters among sprue materials and among sprue type show the following results : 1. The comparison of casting characters in accordance with sprue materials shows wax sprue of 83.3%, wood sprue 81.3%, and plastic sprue of 80.7%, Wax sprue was the bast materials for casting, However there was no statistically significant difference of casting characters among was, plastic and wood. 2. The comparison of casting in accordance with sprue types shows square sprue of 94.0%, round sprue of 86.9% and triangle sprue of 84.2%. square sprue had a best casting character. 3. When a ring cast using wood sprue was classified from burying materials. its cutting of casting body and sprue indicated much more than any other sprue material. It seems to be caused by the influence of wood residuals and carbon occurrence.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.204-220
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• 2007

The background of Korean Ethnical Costume was originated from those northern mounted nomadic groups, which was Scythe style Costume Culture. Through the antique records and paintings of tombs bequests hereby describe the forms of Scythian Cotume (1) Headgear : There was Conical Cap(or Pointed Cap), Feathered Cap, and Crown. (2) Clothes : Both Men and Women wore Jacket as upper garment with leftsided collars, narrow sleeves to the length of the hip line. As lower garment, they wore the tight Trousers and Kungo(:窮袴)that was attached with gusset. (3) Belts and Boots : On the upper garment bound the leather Belts that was hanged a hook that was shaped of animal form at the end. Scythian Buckles was divided into six groups, animal-shaped, animal's head shaped, animal fight-shaped, rectangle-shaped, rectangle openwork-shaped, genre scene shaped Buckle. To the Boots, they wore leather boots. (4) Ornaments : Ornaments divided into Dress Trimming(:Gold plaques), Earrings, Necklaces(;Torques), Bracelets, Rings. Scythian Gold Plaques were divided into several types according to the shape, animal style(curved beast shape, profile shape, head reversed over its back shape), round shape, quadrilateral form, star shape, flower shape, crescent shape, bundle shape, human appearance. Earrings consisted of a plain ring and pendant ring was a middle ornament hung from it to a pendants which hung was made of heart shaped leaves of the tree, beads-linked. Scythian Torques were divided into several types according to the shape, Torque with Terminal style, Spiral style, Layers style, Crescent-shaped pectoral style, Crown style. Scythian Bracelet were divided into 4 styles according to the shape, Bracelets with ends shaped like beasts style, Spiral style, Layers style, Crown with openwork style. Rings were rhomb-shaped and animal shaped styleRings (5) Animal motifs used in Scythian ornaments appears that in some cases the work was intended to be purely ornamental, while many times the motifs had symbolic meaning (such as the successful dominance of the aggressor over the victim portrayed in the attack scenes). Magical use of symbols may have been inten-ded to guarantee the power of the aggressor.