• 한국유변학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유변학회 2002년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.25-27
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• 2002

In this study we investigated the reaction kinetics by a convenient but useful method-rheology to characterize the interface between two immiscible blends with a Reactive compatibilizer. Also, we made an attempt to correlate changes of interface roughness with rheological properties. The blend systems employed in this study was mono-carboxylated polystyrene (PS-mCOOH) and an poly(methyl methacrylate-ran-glycidylmethacrylate) (PMMA-GMA). PS-mCOOH was synthesized by an anionic polymerization and PMMA-GMA by a free radical polymerization. We prepared two plates of each polymer using compression molding with a smooth surface molder, then put one upon another. As soon as these two plates welds together inside a rheometer under nitrogen environment, the torque and moduli were obtained with reaction time at different temperatures. Through the analysis of this modulus change with reaction time, we estimated interfacial reaction and roughening. The increment of modulus in initial state can be correlated to the extent of reaction. We obtained the reaction kinetic constant by fitting appropriate kinetic equation into experimental data. We also showed that increment of modulus in later state was due to by roughened interface.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.322-327
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• 2004

Copper-based leadframe sheets were oxidized in two kinds of hot alkaline solutions to form brown-oxide or black-oxide layer on the surface. The oxide coated leadframe sheets were molded with epoxy molding compound (EMC). After post mold curing, the oxide-coated EMC-leadframe joints were machined to form sandwiched Brazil-nut (SBN) specimens. The SBN specimens were used to measure the fracture toughness of the EMC/leadframe interfaces under mixed-mode (mode I + mode II) loading conditions. Fracture surfaces were analyzed by various equipment to investigate failure path. The results revealed that the failure paths were strongly dependent on the oxide type. In case of brown oxide, hackle-type failure was observed and failure path lay near the EMC/CuO interface with a little inclining to CuO at all case. On the other hand, in case of black oxide, quite different failure path was observed with respect to the distance from the tip of pre-crack and phase angle. Different failures occurred with oxide type is presumed to be due to the difference in microstructure of the oxides.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.514-520
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• 2005

Surface heat transfer of a fully developed turbulent air flow in a $45^{\circ}$ inclined ribbed square duct with two and four heating walls was experimentally investigated, at which the experimental works were peformed for Reynolds numbers ranging from 7,600 to 26,000. The pitch-to-rib height ratio, p/e, was kept at 8 and rib-height-to-channel hydraulic diameter ratio, $e/D_h$ was kept at 0.0667. The channel length-to-hydraulic diameter ratio, $L/D_h$ was 60. The heat transfer coefficient values were decreased with the increase in the number of heat-ing walls. Results of this investigation could be used in various applications of internal channel turbulent flow involving roughened walls.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.508-512
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• 1998

마이크로파(2.45GHz) 에너지를 이용한 소결법으로 $1100^{\circ}C$~$1300^{\circ}C$의 온도범위에서 반도체 세라믹스인 $Mn_3O_4{\cdot}Co_3O_4{\cdot}3NiO$ 조성의 NTC 서미스터를 소결하였으며, 그 전기적 특성을 조사하였다. 소결온도가 높아질수록 소결밀도가 높은 치밀한 소결체를 얻을 수 있었으며, 25~$85^{\circ}C$ 범위의 온도변화에 따른 전기저항변화 특성으로부터 구한 비저항 $B_{25^{\circ/85^{\circ}}$ 정수는 3100~3200K이었다. 마이크로파 하이브리드, 소결법으로 소결된 시편과 일반소결법으로 소결된 시편을 비교하면 소결특성과 전기적물성에서 비슷한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 마이크로파 에너지를 이용한 소결공정은 20분 안에 완료되는 짧은 시간의 급속소결법으로 공정 시간과 에너지를 크게 절감할 수 있었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2011

연구목적: 본 실험은 현재 임상에서 사용되고 있는 4가지 복합레진 연마 시스템의 연마 능력과 연마에 걸리는 시간을 평가하여 그 효율성을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 직경 4 mm, 높이 2 mm 의 테플론 몰드에 Z-250 (3M ESPE) 복합레진을 충전하고 양면을 슬라이드 글라스로 압접한 후 Optilux 501을 이용하여 각 면을 40초씩 중합하였다. 중합된 복합레진 디스크를 분리하고 #320 사포로 연마하여 동일한 거친면을 형성한 후 다음의 4가지 연마시스템을 이용하여 표면을 연마하였다: Sof-Lex (3M ESPE), Jiffy (Ultradent), Enhance (Dentsply/Caulk), and Pogo (Dentsply/Caulk). 연마된 면을 표면조도측정기를 이용하여 거칠기를 측정하고 연마에 소요된 시간을 측정하여 연마도와 효율성을 비교 평가하였다. 통계는 one-way ANOVA후 Duncan's multiple range test를 이용하여 군간의 비교를 하였다. 결과: 연마 후 표면조도는 Pogo에서 가장 낮게 나타났으며 Sof-Lex에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 연마에 소요된 시간은 Pogo에서 가장 짧게 걸렸으며 Sof-Lex, Enhance, Jiffy의 순으로 나타났다. 결론: One-step 연마 시스템인 Pogo는 복합레진의 연마에 있어 매우 짧은 시간에 매우 매끈한 면을 얻을 수 있는 것으로 나타나 수복물의 최종 연마에 매우 효율적으로 사용할 수 있는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.338-348
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• 2004

The present study is conducted to investigate the effect of rib arrangements on an impingement/effusion cooling system with initial crossflow. To simulate the impingement/effusion cooling system, two perforated plates are placed in parallel and staggered arrangements with a gap distance of 2 times of tile hole diameter. Initial crossflow passes between the injection and effusion plates, and the square ribs (3mm) are installed on the effusion plate. Both the injection and effusion hole diameters are 10mmand Reynolds number based on the hole diameter and hole-to-hole pitch are fixed to 10,000 and 6 times of the hole diameter, respectively. To investigate the effects of rib arrangements, various rib arrangements, such as 90$^{\circ}$transverse and 45$^{\circ}$angled rib arrangements, are used. Also, the effects of flow rate ratio of crossflow to impinging jets are investigated. With the initial crossflow, locally low transfer regions are formed because the wall jets are swept away, and level of heat transfer rate get decreased with increasing flow rate of crossflow. When the ribs are installed on the effusion plate, the local distributions of heat/mass transfer coefficients around the effusion holes are changed. The local heat/mass transfer around the stagnation regions and the effusion holes are affected by the rib positions, angle of attack and rib spacing. For low blowing ratio, the ribs have adverse effects on heat/mass transfer, but for higher blowing ratios, higher and more uniform heat transfer coefficient distributions are obtained than the case without ribs because the ribs prevent the wall jets from being swept away by the crossflow and increase local turbulence of the flow near the surface. Average heat transfer coefficients with rib turbulators are approximately 10% higher than that without ribs, and the higher values are obtained with small pitch of ribs. However, the attack angle of the rib has little influence on the average heat/mass transfer.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2006

본 연구는 자연지형에 존재하는 다양한 형태의 크고 작은 거칠기 요소들로 인해 기본 유동장이 변화하는 양상을 밝히기 위한 기초연구로서, 본 제1보와 이어지는 제2보로 나뉘어 소개될 것이다. 실험은 동일한 2차원 사각단면을 갖는 많은 양의 거칠기 요소를 평판위에 규칙적으로 배열한 후 거칠기 주위 유동장을 계측하였다. 회류수조에서 PIV 기법을 사용하여 2종류의 거칠기요소 높이와 3종류의 거칠기 사이 간격을 택하여 총 6경우에 대하여 거칠기 유동의 특성을 비교하였다. 실험결과 거칠기 간격이 거칠기 높이의 7배와 14배인 경우가 3.5배에 비하여 거칠기로 인한 유통장의 교란이 더 활발하고, 그에 따라 유동장에 미치는 영향도 큼을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2006

본 연구는 자연지형에 존재하는 다양한 형태의 크고 작은 거칠기 요소들로 인하여 기본 유동장이 변화하는 양상을 밝히기 위한 연구로서 회류수조에서 PIV 기법을 사용하여 수행되었다. 먼저 제1보에서는 동일한 2차원 사각단면을 가지는 많은 양의 거칠기 요소를 평판위에 규칙적으로 배열한 후 거칠기요소의 높이와 거칠기 사이의 간격이 다른 세 경우에 대하여 유속, 유선 및 와도분포를 계측하여 거칠기 유동의 특성을 살펴보았다. 본 2보에서는 난류유동특 성을 비롯하여 벽법칙을 이용한 해석과 경계층 적분변수 도출을 통하여 거칠기 간격이 유동장 변화에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 비교하고자 하였다. 실험결과 거칠기 간격이 거칠기 높이의 7배와 14배인 경우 3.5배에 비하여 거칠기로 인한 유동장의 변화가 큼을 재차 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.583-591
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• 1990

If the bond strength is sufficient to resist orthodontic force, orthodontic brackets can be bonded to restorations. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to composite resin and glass ionomer cement restorations with no-mix adhesive or glass ionomer cement. The shear bond strength of adhesives bonded to restorations was studied in vitro. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to 10 extracted natural teeth, 40 composite resin restorations and 40 glass ionomer restorations. The surfaces of composite resin restorations were roughened or applied with bonding agent (Scothbond) after surface roughening. The surfaces of glass ionomer cement restorations were conditioned with acid etching or applied with Scotchbond to etched surface. The adhesive was no-mix resin or glass ionomer cement. The shear bond strength was measured. The results were as follows: 1. Orthodontic brackets could be bonded to composite resin restorations effectively as they could be bonded to acid etched enamel with no-mix adhesive. The shear bond strength was sufficient to resist orthodontic force and was not affected by bonding agent greatly. 2. The shear bond strength of no-mix adhesive bonded to acid etched glass ionomer cement restorations was sufficient to resist orthodontic force. However. the fracture risk of glass ionomer cement restorations was increased during debonding. The bonding agent couldn't increase the shear bond strength greatly. 3. The shear bond strength of glass ionomer cement bonded to glass ionomer cement restorations was lower than that of no-mix adhesive. The shear bond strength was sufficient to resist orthodontic force and was greatly decreased by bonding agent. 4. The shear bond strength of glass ionomer cement bonded to composite resin restorations was too low to resist orthodontic force.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2000

The use of autopolymerizing-cured resin and light-cured resin for direct relining of complete and partial dentures has been popular. This investigation compared the adhesion of autopolymerizing-cured reline resin(Tokuso Rebase, Mild Rebaron) or light-cured reline resin(Mild Rebaron LC, Lighton-U) to metal base or resin base. Cylindrical samples were made from metal($Biosil^{(R)}$) or heat-cured resin(QC-20) and were prepared to produce a flat bonding surface. Cylindrical metal samples were roughened by scratch or by scratch and sandblast and were treated with primer(MR Bond) after scratch and sandblast. And then, liners were prossesed to the cylindrical metal or resin samples according to the manufacturer's recommendations so as to bond metal base or resin base. The specimens were tested in pure tension by using an Instron Univesal testing machine for the four direct reline resins. The results were as follows ; 1. In comparison with tensile bond strength of material relined on resin base or metal base, the case of resin base produced significantly higher tensile bond strength than the case of metal base. 2. Metal surface pretreatment or primer improved the tensile bond strength between the reline resin and the metal($Biosil^{(R)}$) base. 3. The tensile bond strength of Mild Rebaron LC relined on resin base or metal base were similar to those of the other reline resins.