• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.597-602
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• 2003

Acid phosphatases (APases) play a role in the release of phosphate in organic complexes in soil. We investigated tissue- and isoform-specific responses of APases to phosphorus (P) deficiency in three rice genotypes; Dasan-byeo, Sobi-byeo, and Palawan. The levels of shoot APase activity per protein were similar in the three genotypes. They significantly decreased with P deprivation that was longer than seven days. Root APase activity per protein was two- to three-fold higher in Dasan than in Sobi and Palawan. In all genotypes the APase activity increased in P-deficient plants, but the increase was higher in Sobi and Palawan. After 21 days of P deprivation, secreted APase activity increased more than eight-fold in Dasan and two-fold in Sobi and Palawan. Isoform profiles of shoot and root APases were most diverse in Dasan. The activities of the major isoforms in P-deficient shoots decreased in all three genotypes. Depending on the genotypes, further increases in constitutive isoforms and new induction of one to four isoforms occurred in P-deficient roots. The results indicate that tissue and genotype differences in the response of APase to P deficiency are primarily facilitated by the different responses of the isoforms.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.282-289
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• 2020

Flexible roll forming is an advanced sheet-metal-forming process that allows the production of parts with various cross-sections. During the flexible process, material is subjected to three-dimensional deformation such as transverse bending, inhomogeneous elongations, or contraction. Because of the effects of process variables on the quality of the roll-formed products, the approaches used to investigate the roll-forming process have been largely dependent on experience and trial- and-error methods. Web-warping is one of the major shape defects encountered in flexible roll forming. In this study, an SVR model was developed to predict the web-warping during the flexible roll forming process. In the development of the SVR model, three process parameters, namely the forming-roll speed condition, leveling-roll height, and bend angle were considered as the model inputs, and the web-warping height was used as the response variable for three blank shapes; rectangular, concave, and convex shape. MATLAB software was used to train the SVR model and optimize three hyperparameters (λ, ε, and γ). To evaluate the SVR model performance, the statistical analysis was carried out based on the three indicators: the root-mean-square error, mean absolute error, and relative root-mean-square error.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.274-281
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• 1996

Ulmus parvifolia has been used as a traditional folk medicine to treat the carbuncle in deep skin. In this study, the effect of water extract of root bark of Ulmus parvifolia (WUP) on the carbuncle, pain, inflammation and hypersensitivity was evaluated in animal models. The administration of WUP significantly decreased the size of Staphylococcus aureus ($10^8$ cells/mouse)-induced carbuncle, and also exhibited analgesic activity in the HAc-induced writhing syndrome at doses of 50-500 mg/kg. It also showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in the carageenin- and complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammation. In the histamine-induced anaphylaxis, it decreased the percent of mortality by protecting mice treated with Bordetella pertussis. In the immune responses in the mice sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells, the Arthus reaction determined by swelling of foot pad at 4 h after challenge, HA titer, HY titer and PFC which can be used to evaluate the humoral immune response were significantly suppressed by oral administration of WUP at doses of 100 and 200mg/kg. The cellular immune responses in the same mice such as delayed type hypersensitivity determined by swelling of foot pad at 24 h after challenge and RFC were also significantly suppressed in the same manner.

• Plant Resources
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.233-241
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• 2003

The shoot tip and young leaf of Rhodiola sachalinensis were cultured to invest the plant growth regulator condition for callus induction, shoot and root regeneration. When the shoot tip was sterilized in 2.0% of NaOCl for 20min., the contamination rate was the lowest. And the survival rate of the culture material was good in carbenicillin 500mg/L treatment group. Callus was obtained from shoot tip and young leaf segments. NAA 0.1-1.0mg/L and 2,4-D 0.1-0.5mg/L alone treatment were shown to have a good response on callus induction from shoot tip culture. In the case of young leaf culture, NAA and 2,4-D 0.1-0.5mg/L alone treatment were good in callus induction. In culturing shoot tip NAA 0.5mg/L and BA 0.5mg/L, NAA1.0mg/L and BA 0.lmg/L combination treatment was good in shoot regeneration. The regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium supplemented with NAA and BA combination treatment. Especially, NAA 1.0mg/L and BA 0.1mg/L combination treatment was effective for root regeneration.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 1979

The author studied the response to the stimulation of an electric pulp stimulator of healthy 854 permanent anterior teeth in 122 children aged from six to eleven years old, during different stages of tooth development. The results were as followings: 1) In completely open apices, 13.1% (18 teeth) showed positive responses, and 86.9% (120 teeth) showed negative responses. In two-thirds open apices 33.1% (75 teeth) showed positive responses, and 66.9% (152 teeth) showed negative responses. In one-third open apices 57.8% (118 teeth) showed positive responses, and 42.2% (86 teeth) showed negative responses. In closed apices 80.0% (228 teeth) showed positive responses, and 20.0% (57 teeth) showed negative responses. 2) The number of positive responses increased in each upper and lower central incisors during the stages of root development, but not in upper lateral incisors. 3) There were no significant differences statistically in responses between the teeth of the right and left sides and the upper and the lower jaw, in the same stages of root development.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.100-104
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the salinity on growth, inorganic ion content, and photosynthetic rate ($\textrm{P}^{N}$) in Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) with complex fertilizer (CF) and NaCl concentrations. The salinity was applied to plant using NaCl and CF, and controlled an EC as 0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 dS $\textrm{m}^{-1}$. The salinity treated three times at 35, 42 and 49 d after transplanting. The leaf area in different electrical conductivity (EC) decreased only the higher NaCl 1.0 dS $\textrm{m}^{-1}$. The root growth increased with CF and especially, it was two times higher at 3.0 dS $\textrm{m}^{-1}$ than that of control. But the root growth sharply decreased with NaCl compared to CF. The light saturation point of Korean ginseng was around 100 $\mu\textrm{mol}\;\textrm{m}^{-2}\textrm{s}^{-1}$ photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and $\textrm{P}^{N}$ increased as CF increased but decreased with NaCl especially at the late growth stage. The $\textrm{Na}^{+}$ content in Korean ginseng increased sharply with NaCl.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 1998

Tomato phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 5 (tPAL5) was identified that alternate initiation sites were utilized differentially in response to environmental stimuli (Lee et al, 1992b). In this study, we tried to look into tissue -or cell- specific expression pattern of tPAL5 gene by fusing with ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ (GUS) gene in transgenic tobacco plants. In transgenic plants, root and stem extracts contained 8~12 fold higher levels of GUS activity than petiole or leaf tissue while the highest levels of induction was observed from leaf tissue by mechanical wounding (5~11 fold). In trans-sections of stems and petioles, GUS activity was restricted to phloem cells(outer region) of developing vascular bundle and mainly at apical tip region in the root tissues. The levels of GUS activity was drastically reduced (10~12 fold reduction) when the 5'-upstream region of tPAL5 gene (-1151bp from ATG codon) was deleted up to -665. The levels of GUS expression, however, raised up by 6~8 fold when deleted up to -455. Therefore, we conclude that there are positive cis-elements at the region -1151 to -1008 and at -455 to -195 while the negative cis-element is at -1008 to -455.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.309-315
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• 2011

Rice grown in anaerobic waterlogged soil accumulates ammonium as a major source of nitrogen (N). We have compared the physiological symptoms of rice seedlings subjected to N-starvation stress with those receiving sufficient N, based on measurements of shoot/root length and weight and an analysis of protein expression patterns. N starvation marginally increased root growth but notably decreased shoot biomass. N uptake was reduced by >50% in the roots and shoots of N-starved seedlings. To better understand the mechanism of N starvation in rice, we performed a comparative proteome analysis of proteins isolated from rice leaves. Twenty-five differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry and electron spray ionization quadrupole TOF. Functional analysis of the N-starvation response proteins suggested their involvement in protein synthesis and fate, metabolism, and defense. These results indicate that these proteins may play important roles in regulating the plant's complex adaptation responses for N use during N starvation. The proteins may be useful for further characterization of protein function in plant N nutrition.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.173-179
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• 1987

The effect of polyamine, Ca2+ and calmodulin on GS ($\beta$-glucan synthetase) activity was studied in Daucus carota root. The Ca2+ is shown to have no effect on the GS activity whereas the GS II activity is increased in response to increase in concentration of the Ca2+. When the protoplasts are cultured, for 4 days, the GS II activity increases as a tunction of time and reachs a maximum after 3 days at a time when the network of cellulose microfibrils is known to be synthesized. The effect of the Ca2+ and 1mM spermine on the GS II activity turns out to be synergistic, especially more synergistic at lower concentration of the Ca2+. The GS II activity seems to be enhanced by the Ca2+. The GS II activity in the protoplast treated by the calcium channel blocker, verapamil, turns out to be lower than that of the control. Cumulative results suggest that the Ca2+ stimulates the cell wall regeneration via enhancement of the GS II activity responsible for synthesizing the cell wall component throught synergistic effect with spermine.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.322-327
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• 2018

Methanol extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Labiatae) root was investigated to research the anti-oxidative activity, by using a Caenorhabditis elegans model system. The methanol extract of this plant showed significant DPPH radical scavenging and superoxide quenching activities. Ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanol extract that showed the most potent DPPH radical scavenging and superoxide quenching activities. The ethyl acetate fraction was tested on its activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance in C. elegans. Furthermore, in order to see if regulation of stress-response genes is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of the ethyl acetate fraction treated C. elegans, we checked SOD-3 expression using a transgenic strain. Consequently, the ethyl acetate fraction of S. miltiorrhiza root increased the catalase and SOD activities in a dose-dependent manner in C. elegans. Besides, the ethyl acetate fraction-treated CF1553 worms showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity than the non-treated ones.